汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目WFSD-4孔钻探施工概况和关键技术

介绍了汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目WFSD-4孔钻探施工概况及采用的关键技术,包括螺杆马达-液动锤-长半合管取心钻进技术、偏心扩孔取心技术、防冲蚀取心钻头技术、大斜度定向钻进技术、活动套管技术、新型钻井液体系和新型深孔取心钻机等。     

庐枞盆地泥河铁矿床成矿岩体三维形态学分析及找矿指标研究

泥河铁矿床位于长江中下游成矿带内庐枞盆地的西北部,属玢岩型铁矿床,前人对该矿床的基础地质研究已有一定成果,积累了大量的数据资料,表明泥河铁矿床的形成与辉石闪长玢岩顶面形态关系密切。本文选择泥河铁矿床闪长玢岩为研究对象,以钻孔资料为依据,采用离散光滑插值法建立成矿岩体的精细三维模型,重现了闪长玢岩体的形态特征,将三维模型离散化后提取岩体顶面并通过三维形态分析方法进行数值分析,提取了岩体表面的隆起、凹陷形态,并与已知矿体进行对比,验证了该矿床成矿岩体隆起形态与矿体位置的对应关系。本文通过多次实验确定最佳表达的滑动窗口尺寸和与成矿岩体形态有关的找矿指标,结果证明利用10×10个单元的滑动窗口可以识别80%以上矿体。本文对三维成矿预测中三维空间分析方法进行探索,证明成矿岩体三维形态分析方法的有效性,这一方法可直接应用于与泥河铁矿床类似的玢岩型铁矿床三维成矿预测中。     

南海海上搜救困难性评价

为保障船舶海上航行安全,结合GIS与模糊层次分析法,从海上搜救的自然环境和人文搜救力量2个方面选取9个因子建立海上搜救困难性评价模型,对南海海上搜救困难性进行评价。结果表明：1）自然环境影响下,南海海域搜救困难性具有“V”字形分布的特点,由东北向西南难度等级逐渐降低。2）在人文搜救力量影响下,南海海域的搜救困难性整体呈“东北－西南条带式”,难度最大的区域主要位于南海东北―西南的连线上,呈不规则环状向连线两侧递减。3）综合两方面因素,南海部分岛屿周围搜救难度偏高,主要受台风等恶劣天气及远离搜救基地的影响,而远海海域搜救难度在整体上为“东北－西南递减式”空间分布格局,最高和较高的区域由研究区东北延伸至西南,然后向西北、东南两侧递减。总体而言,南海研究区中近21.1%的海域搜救难度≥7级,仍需加强对搜救力量的部署与建设。     

基于不同滤波算法差异的机载LiDAR数据桥梁提取

在对形态学滤波和区域生长算法研究的基础上,通过对桥梁的特点进行分析,提出一种基于形态学滤波和区域生长算法的滤波结果的差异进行桥梁探测的算法.算法不受桥梁形状的影响,桥梁可分叉、无需平行和等宽,甚至在部分桥梁数据不完整的情况下也有效.通过3个不同场景的桥梁实例验证算法的正确性.     

FCM聚类算法协同Canny算子的遥感影像边缘检测方法

提出一种FCM聚类算法协同Canny算子的遥感影像边缘检测方法,算法采用中值滤波消除原始遥感影像中的非高斯噪声;采用FCM(Fuzzy C-mean)聚类算法将滤波处理后的遥感影像中的像素分为两类:边缘类像素和非边缘类像素,并得到聚类影像;最后采用Canny算子对聚类影像进行边缘检测得到遥感影像地物边缘信息。实验结果表明,文中提出的方法能有效消除遥感影像中的混合噪声并准确地检测出地物目标的边缘,是一种有效的遥感影像边缘检测方法。     

典权在农村土地经营权流转中的扬弃——民法典编撰过程中“典权要入典”

引导农村土地经营权有序流转、发展农业适度规模经营是当前我国土地工作之重心.而实现所有权、承包权、经营权三权分置,自需研究和探索集体所有权、农户承包权、土地经营权在土地流转中的相互权利关系,特别是其具体实现形式.传统典权制度作为一种切实可行的制度构建模式,其既能够解决公有制条件下私权主体进入土地市场的难题,又能够赋予农民在农村土地集体所有权基础上更好获得土地经营权流转收益的权利.考虑到典权制度在农村土地流转、城镇保障住房建设等问题上的独特作用,未来我国在编撰民法典的时候,自应将作为本土法律资源的传统典权正式纳入我国的物权法律规范的体系之中.     

浅析数字龙江地理空间框架建设一期工程作业中的若干关键问题

在开展数字龙江地理空间框架建设一期工程——黑河测区工作中,利用航空和卫星影像进行1∶10 000地形图的测绘与更新,本文针对具体工作中的一些关键及重要问题进行了阐述。     

颜色和形态学在交通标志识别中的应用研究

从自然场景中识别出交通标志是智能交通系统中的一个重要问题,本文提出了一种基于颜色和形态学的交通标志识别方法.该方法在HSV彩色空间进行颜色阈值分割,并采用形态学重构提取目标区域.再通过标记法检测目标区域形状,检测出交通标志.最后,利用SIFT算法进行模板匹配,识别出交通标志.实验证明,该方法在识别正确率和运行效率上具有明显优势.     

Stage‐discharge uncertainty derived with a non‐stationary rating curve in the Choluteca River,Honduras

Uncertainty in discharge data must be critically assessed before data can be used in, e.g. water resources estimation or hydrological modelling. In the alluvial Choluteca River in Honduras, the river‐bed characteristics change over time as fill, scour and other processes occur in the channel, leading to a non‐stationary stage‐discharge relationship and difficulties in deriving consistent rating curves. Few studies have investigated the uncertainties related to non‐stationarity in the stage‐discharge relationship. We calculated discharge and the associated uncertainty with a weighted fuzzy regression of rating curves applied within a moving time window, based on estimated uncertainties in the observed rating data. An 18‐year‐long dataset with unusually frequent ratings (1268 in total) was the basis of this study. A large temporal variability in the stage‐discharge relationship was found especially for low flows. The time‐variable rating curve resulted in discharge estimate differences of ? 60 to + 90% for low flows and ± 20% for medium to high flows when compared to a constant rating curve. The final estimated uncertainty in discharge was substantial and the uncertainty limits varied between ? 43 to + 73% of the best discharge estimate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fuzzy logic model approaches to daily pan evaporation estimation in western Turkey / Estimation de l’évaporation journalière du bac dans l’Ouest de la Turquie par des modèles à base de logique floue

Abstract

Abstract Evaporation is one of the fundamental elements in the hydrological cycle, which affects the yield of river basins, the capacity of reservoirs, the consumptive use of water by crops and the yield of underground supplies. In general, there are two approaches in the evaporation estimation, namely, direct and indirect. The indirect methods such as the Penman and Priestley-Taylor methods are based on meteorological variables, whereas the direct methods include the class A pan evaporation measurement as well as others such as class GGI-3000 pan and class U pan. The major difficulty in using a class A pan for the direct measurements arises because of the subsequent application of coefficients based on the measurements from a small tank to large bodies of open water. Such difficulties can be accommodated by fuzzy logic reasoning and models as alternative approaches to classical evaporation estimation formulations were applied to Lake Egirdir in the western part of Turkey. This study has three objectives: to develop fuzzy models for daily pan evaporation estimation from measured meteorological data, to compare the fuzzy models with the widely-used Penman method, and finally to evaluate the potential of fuzzy models in such applications. Among the measured meteorological variables used to implement the models of daily pan evaporation prediction are the daily observations of air and water temperatures, sunshine hours, solar radiation, air pressure, relative humidity and wind speed. Comparison of the classical and fuzzy logic models shows a better agreement between the fuzzy model estimations and measurements of daily pan evaporation than the Penman method.