A coupled discrete element model for the simulation of soil and water flow through an orifice

Soil erosion around defective underground pipes can cause ground collapses and sinkholes in urban areas. Most of these soil erosion events are caused by fluidization of the surrounding soil with subsequent washing into defective sewer pipes. In this study, this soil erosion process is simplified as the gradual washout of sand particles mixed with water through an orifice. The discrete element method is used to simulate the large deformation behavior of the sand particles, and the Darcy fluid model is coupled with this approach to simulate fluid flow through porous sand media. A coupled 3D discrete element model is developed and implemented based on this scheme. To simulate previous experiments using this coupled model considering the current computing capacity, we incorporated a ‘supply layer’ to study the continuous erosion process. The coupled model can predict the erosion flow rates of sand and water and the shape of erosion void. Thus, the model can be used as an effective and efficient tool to investigate the soil erosion process around defective pipes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大功率激电在黔西北探测铅锌矿中的应用

采用大功率激电对贵州赫章联发村地区铅锌矿做地质探讨评价。通过对该地区地质背景和成矿规律的研究。总结出该地区铅锌矿电性突出,具有“低视电阻率,高视极化率”特征。     

基于点稳定系数法的斜坡稳定性分析

基于莫尔-库伦强度理论构架,界定了点稳定系数的概念,并推导其计算公式。利用Geostudio软件建立了均质斜坡模型及计算其应力分布,并在此基础上结合MATLAB软件计算斜坡模型中各点的点稳定系数,勾绘出斜坡体内不同稳定度区域,探析了斜坡稳定性,并与传统极限平衡法进行了对比。对比结果表明:对直立斜坡,两种方法的计算结果均为不稳定,但点稳定性系数法勾绘出坡脚及坡脚底部存在两处不稳定区域;对60°斜坡,点稳定系数法的计算结果表明坡脚处存在潜在不稳定区域,而极限平衡法的计算结果表明坡体处于稳定状态;对45°斜坡,两种方法的计算结果均为稳定,计算结果一致。进一步分析得到结论:点稳定系数法不需要假设或指定某一形状滑面进行斜坡稳定性评价,且可考虑应力集中对坡体稳定性的影响;极限平衡法以稳定系数表达计算结果,而点稳定系数法以不稳定区域表达计算结果。在分析了应力和岩土体力学参数因素对点稳定系数法计算结果的敏感性后发现:相对于极限平衡法,岩土体力学参数对点稳定系数法影响更为敏感,存在黏聚力界限点和内摩擦角界限点,且对均质斜坡破坏形式(局部滑动变形破坏或整体压缩变形破坏)起着非常重要的作用。     

基于Bootstrap方法的岩土体参数联合分布模型识别

小样本容量岩土体参数最优联合概率分布模型的识别是一个富有挑战性的问题。基于Bootstrap提出了小样本容量岩土体参数最优边缘分布函数和最优Copula函数识别方法。简要介绍了岩土体参数联合概率分布函数构造的Copula方法,采用AIC准则识别最优的边缘分布函数和Copula函数。将识别结果表示为不同备选边缘分布函数和Copula函数为最优边缘分布和最优Copula的权重系数集合,以基桩荷载-位移双曲线参数试验数据为例证明了所提方法的有效性。结果表明：基于小样本容量岩土体参数试验数据估计的样本均值、标准差和相关系数具有较大的离散性,这种离散性进一步导致了统计量AIC值存在较大变异性。提出的基于Bootstrap的最优边缘分布函数和最优Copula函数识别方法不仅可以有效地考虑统计量AIC值的变异性,而且能够综合地反映不同备选边缘分布函数和Copula函数为最优边缘分布和最优Copula函数的概率,为小样本容量岩土体参数最优边缘分布函数和最优Copula函数的识别提供了一条有效的途径。     

DEM analyses of crack propagation in flawed rock mass under uniaxial compressionEI北大核心CSCD

A contact model for rock is established and imbedded into a DEM software by summarizing the bond granule tests. DEM simulation of uniaxial compression test on the pre-cracked Lac du Bonnet granite is performed, and then stress distributions are further analyzed and compared with the theoretical results. Different fracture criteria are employed to predict the crack initiation angles that are compared with theoretical ones. The results show that the failure modes obtained from DEM simulation are similar to experimental results, and stress distributions in DEM simulation are qualitatively similar to theoretical values. When the angle of pre-crack is small, the lateral stresses are compressive and tensile. The compressive strains concentrate at two edges, resulting in the tensile strains in the up-and downward cracks. When the angle of the pre-crack is large enough, the stress concentration is unobvious, leading to a discrepancy between the DEM and theoretical results. The crack extension angle resulting from uniaxial compression measured from DEM tests are in good agreement with those acquired from experimental tests. These angles are consistent with theoretical predictions by the maximum circumferential stress criterion and the maximum energy release rate criterion.     

焦耳效应标定高温卡尔维微量热计

根据热流式量热计的Tian氏方程,用焦耳效应标定高温卡尔维微量热计。用偏差法得到的灵敏度值与积分法测得的值一致。用回归曲线对灵敏度实验值进行拟合,利用计算机求得灵敏度—温度回归曲线,得到了室温至700℃的全部灵敏度值,从而即可使用微量热计测量此温度范围内的未知样品热效应。     

A continuum model of layered rock masses with non-associative joint plasticity

Layered rock masses can be modelled either as standard, orthotropic continua if the layer bending can be neglected or as Cosserat continua if the influence of layer bending is essential. This paper presents a finite element smeared joint model based on the Cosserat theory. The layers are assumed to be elastic with equal thickness and equal mechanical properties. All the cosserat parameters are expressed through the elastic properties of layers, layer thickness and joint stiffness. Plastic-slip as well as tensile-opening of layer interface (joint) are accounted for in a manner similar to the conventional non-associative plasticity theory. As an application, the behaviour of an excavation in a layered rock mass is examined. The displacement and stress fields given by smeared joint models based on the Cosserat continuum and the conventional anisotropic continuum approaches are compared with those obtained from the discrete joint model. The conventional anisotropic continuum model is found to break-down completely when the effective shear modulus in the direction parallel to layering is low in comparison to the shear modulus of the intact layer, whereas the Cosserat model is found to be capable of accurately reproducing complex load–deflection patterns irrespective of the differences in shear moduli. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小湾电站高边坡系统锚固与排水的优化设计方法

据小湾电站地下厂房进水口开挖高边坡的岩体结构与工程地质特征,采用基于结构面网络模拟的随机楔体稳定分析方法对边坡的稳定性进行了三维分析。进一步运用风险分析理论对边坡系统锚杆与预应力锚索的布置进行了优化设计,最后运用结构面网络模拟理论对排水方案进行了优化设计。     

土钉支护结构的优化设计

根据复形优化原理,提出了基于Bishop法的土钉支护结构的优化分析方法,编写了优化分析程序。工程实例计算表明,该方法是进行土钉优化设计的有效方法。     

基于模糊预测对象的证据权方法及其在土地沙漠化评价中的应用

为了使在地理信息系统中被广泛用于点事件预测的证据权方法能对面事件进行评价和预测, 提出了一种新的基于模糊训练层的证据权方法.它是一种更广泛的证据权方法, 与普通证据权方法所不同的是, 它的训练层是模糊集合, 其取值是它的隶属度.通过适当的变换也可以把点训练层转换为模糊集合.因此, 该方法可以对面事件、点事件和线事件进行评价和预测.该方法可以处理训练层和证据层均为模糊集合的情况, 被称为双重模糊证据权方法.作为该方法的一个应用实例, 本文介绍毛乌素沙漠边缘的晋陕蒙地区土地沙漠化评价的应用实例.