THE EMERGENCE OF REGIONAL CULTIVAR SPECIALIZATIONS IN CALIFORNIA VITICULTURE*

Centuries of evolution of viticultural patterns in Europe have established well-known associations between cultivars and viticultural regions. Though California's viticultural landscape is much younger than Europe's, scholars increasingly talk about cultivar specialization in California wine regions. This study uses data for recent years and location quotients to test the hypothesis of regional cultivar specialization in California. Support is found for the hypothesis, though not for each cultivar and region. Evidence suggests also that there are significant differences between California and Europe with respect to viticultural specialization. Two such differences are in physical geography and wine laws.     

Helmert方差分量估计结果的方差一致性检验实质

Helmert方差分量估计是合理确定不同类观测值或不同种精度观测值权比的常用方法。文中从方差一致性检验的角度分析了Helmert方差分量估计迭代收敛结果的实质，指出了其检验统计量即为X^2(r)分布密度取得最大值的点；并指出当同时还存在其它平差模型误差时，Helmert方差分量估计也可能收敛，且收敛结果的检验实质并没改变，但收敛结果却已失真。     

冰川系统变化的模型研究——以西藏南部外流水系为例

以西藏南部外流水系冰川系统结构为基础 ,应用冰川消融与夏季气温的关系、冰川径流变化规律、平衡线的代表性特征及其上升的降温效应 ,提出冰川系统变化的功能模型 .结果表明 :在持续升温的情景下 ,海洋型冰川对径流变化响应迅速 ,且退缩快、寿命短 ,而增流率不大 ,增流期短 ,在本世纪内径流将全面衰减 ;大陆型冰川对径流变化响应迟钝 ,且退缩慢、寿命长 ,而增流率大 ,增流期长 ,下世纪以后径流才将衰退 ;规模大及高差大的冰川比规模小及高差小的冰川退缩慢 ,寿命长 ,而增流率大 ,增流期长     

基于微工作流的可扩展GIS模型研究

通过对微工作流及GIS业务流程特点的分析，提出了基于微工作流的可扩展GIS模型，并根据功能领域、业务流程及单位组织形式三者之间的关系，对工作流引擎进行了设计。试验结果表明，系统模型具有较强的水平扩展能力和垂直扩展能力，对建设数字城市具有较强的实用价值。     

功能梯度复合材料圆柱壳固有频率解

本文建立了功能梯度复合材料圆柱壳的基本动力方程，给出了各类功能梯度复合材料圆柱壳固有频率的一般解析解法，并具体导出了两端简支功能梯度圆柱壳各阶固有频率解的解析表达式，十分简明、实用。     

Elasticity of (Mg, Fe)(Si, Al)O3-perovskite at high pressure

The most abundant mineral on Earth has a perovskite crystal structure and a chemistry that is dominated by MgSiO₃ with the next most abundant cations probably being aluminum and ferric iron. The dearth of experimental elasticity data for this chemically complex mineral limits our ability to calculate model seismic velocities for the lower mantle. We have calculated the single crystal elastic moduli (c_ij) for (Mg, Fe^3 +)(Si, Al)O₃ perovskite using density functional theory in order to investigate the effect of chemical variations and spin state transitions of the Fe³⁺ ions. Considering the favored coupled substitution of Mg²⁺-Si^4 + by Fe³⁺-Al³⁺, we find that the effect of ferric iron on seismic properties is comparable with the same amount of ferrous iron. Ferric iron lowers the elastic moduli relative to the Al charge-coupled substitution. Substitution of Fe³⁺ for Al³⁺, giving rise to an Fe/Mg ratio of 6%, causes 1.8% lower longitudinal velocity and 2.5% lower shear velocity at ambient pressure and 1.1% lower longitudinal velocity and 1.8% lower shear velocity at 142 GPa. The spin state of the iron for this composition has a relatively small effect (< 0.5% variation) on both bulk modulus and shear modulus.     

Specializations in “Jobs in Geography”: 1990–1992*

One way to probe into the direction in which American academic geography is heading is to look at the actual demand for specializations and teaching duties as expressed by the recent jobs offered by colleges and universities. The results of this inquiry for the 1990–1992 period indicate that the most frequently requested courses were GIS, regional geography, and environmental geography. The greatest number of positions were advertised as general physical geographer or human geographer and were in departments without graduate programs. The findings suggest that preparations for the profession of “geography professor” should include the ability both to conduct focused research and to teach a diverse set of courses.     

频率域电磁测深资料处理软件包

本文利用混合语言编程技术,设计编制了频率域电磁测深资料处理程序包,描述了程序各功能模块的基本功能,给出了利用该软件包对实际数据处理的例子。     

山区旅游小城镇建设规划研究——以重庆金刀峡镇为例

快速发展的旅游业为山区旅游小城镇带来了生机,但粗放型经营对城镇的生态环境、土地利用、风貌形态等带来建设性破坏。结合山地旅游小城镇生态资源脆弱性、建设用地局限性和人口集聚不均衡性等特点,提出了旅游环境保护、城镇景观优化及城镇功能分区的规划理念,促进山区旅游小城镇的可持续发展。