多元视角下的新疆行政区划调整思考

受城市发展、民族政策等方面的影响,新疆的行政区划调整一直滞后于全国,现行行政区划已经不符合新疆经济社会发展的需求。在新疆跨越式发展和各省市对口援建新疆的大背景下,适时进行新疆行政区划的调整优化,对新疆经济社会的发展具有重要意义。本文基于不同视角对理想状态下新疆行政区划调整的方案进行了思考,得出以下结论:① 在交通优先原则下,应着重构建交通主廊道,在成片绿洲区域建立起支撑区域城镇功能组织优化的集散地和交通枢纽等。② 在经济优先原则下,可以将绿洲区域看作相对均质的空间,强化各绿洲区域中心城市基本职能对周边区域的辐射和带动作用。③ 在功能区原则下,应着重考虑新疆城镇的发展受制于自然条件和生态环境的严格约束,行政区划的调整应有利于实现地域主体功能和区域可持续发展。④ 不同原则下的行政区划调整方案的侧重点不同,应对不同原则下共同指向的城市优先进行调整,而对于某一原则下须调整的城市则可结合国家的战略方针、区域稳定和新疆经济发展形势等因素综合考虑。     

基于城际轨道交通流的珠三角城市区域功能多中心研究

城市区域是经济全球化与区域一体化发展趋势下重要的空间组织形式,功能多中心是城市区域最为重要和本质的特征以及最为关键的演化阶段。以流动空间和城市网络理论为基础,城市区域功能多中心的研究可以从城际功能联系展开,通过定量测度与定性分析相结合的方式获得具有实践与理论意义的成果。以珠三角城市区域为研究对象,以城际轨道流为功能联系的数据基础,对珠三角城市区域的功能多中心进行探讨。研究表明,基于城际轨道交通流功能联系的珠江三角洲地区具有较高的功能多中心性,在世界上典型的城市区域中处于中上水平;对于东西两翼多中心度的测度与分析发现,东西两翼城市间缺乏有效的城际轨道交通功能联系,对于珠三角城市区域功能多中心产生严重的消极影响,珠三角城市区域功能多中心度进入离心发展阶段。随着城际轨道交通建设的推进和区域一体化的发展,珠三角城市区域的功能多中心将趋于成熟。     

Quantifying flow–ecology relationships with functional linear models

Abstract

Hydrologic metrics have been used widely to quantify flow-ecology relationships; however, there are several challenges associated with their use, including the selection from a large number of available metrics and the limitation that metrics are a synthetic measure of a multi-dimensional flow regime. Using two case studies of fish species density and community composition, we illustrate the use of functional linear models to provide new insights into flow–ecology relationships and predict the expected impact of environmental flow scenarios, without relying on hydrologic metrics. The models identified statistically significant relationships to river flow over the 12 months prior to sampling (r² range 36–67%) and an environmental flow scenario that may enhance native species’ densities while controlling a non-native species. Hydrologic metrics continue to play an important role in ecohydrology and environmental flow management; however, functional linear models provide an approach that overcomes some of the limitations associated with their use.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Guest editor M. Acreman

Citation Stewart-Koster, B., Olden, J.D., and Gido, K.B., 2014. Quantifying flow–ecology relationships with functional linear models. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (3–4), 629–644.     

基于岩石导电效率理论建立碳酸盐岩储层饱和度的计算方法(英文)

由于孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层的复杂孔隙结构和强非均质性,岩石导电效率与含水孔隙度之间理想的线性关系相对复杂或并不存在,故前人基于岩石导电效率理论建立含水饱和度的计算公式并不完全适用于碳酸盐岩储层。基于岩石导电效率理论,推导了岩石导电效率的计算公式,阐明了岩石导电效率与含水孔隙度之间线性关系相对复杂或并不存在的根本原因,发现了岩石导电效率与电阻率之间的幂函数关系,分析了所建立含水饱和度计算公式误差的主控因素,得出了岩石导电效率的计算精度是该方法是否能推广应用的关键。与Archie公式相比,基于岩石导电效率理论建立的含水饱和度计算公式能更准确地计算研究靶区孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层的含水饱和度。在伊拉克某油田和印尼某气田3口井碳酸盐岩储层中的应用,表明当计算岩石导电效率的相对误差不大于0.1时,所计算储层含水饱和度的绝对误差不大于0.1,基本满足孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层精细评价的需求。     

Progress and perspective on frontiers of geobiology

Geobiology is a new discipline on the crossing interface between earth science and life science,and aims to understand the interaction and co-evolution between organisms and environments.On the basis of the latest international achievements,the new data presented in the Beijing geobiology forum sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2013,and the papers in this special issue,here we present an overview of the progress and perspectives on three important frontiers,including geobiology of the critical periods in Earth history,geomicrobes and their responses and feedbacks to global environmental changes,and geobiology in extreme environments.Knowledge is greatly improved about the close relationship of some significant biotic events such as origin,radiation,extinction,and recovery of organisms with the deep Earth processes and the resultant environmental processes among oceans,land,and atmosphere in the critical periods,although the specific dynamics of the co-evolution between ancient life and paleoenvironments is still largely unknown.A variety of geomicrobial functional groups were found to respond sensitively to paleoenvironmental changes,which enable the establishment of proxies for paleoenvironmental reconstruction,and to play active roles on the Earth environmental changes via elemental biogeochemical cycles and mineral bio-transformations,but to be deciphered are the mechanisms of these functional groups that change paleoenvironmental conditions.Microbes of potential geobiology significance were found and isolated from some extreme environments with their biological properties partly understood,but little is known about their geobiological functions to change Earth environments.The biotic processes to alter or modify the environments are thus proposed to be the very issue geobiology aims to decipher in the future.Geobiology will greatly extend the temporal and spatial scope of biotic research on Earth and beyond.It has great potential of application in the domains of resource exploration and global change.To achieve these aims needs coordinative multidisciplinary studies concerning geomicrobiology and related themes,database and modeling of biogeochemical cycles,typical geological environments,and coupling of biological,physical,and chemical processes.     

Microbial influences on paleoenvironmental changes during the Permian-Triassic boundary crisis

The biosphere interacts and co-evolves with natural environments.Much is known about the biosphere’s response to ancient environmental perturbations,but less about the biosphere’s influences on environmental change through earth history.Here,we discuss the roles of microbes in environmental changes during the critical Permian-Triassic(P-Tr)transition and present a perspective on future geomicrobiological investigations.Lipid biomarkers,stable isotopic compositions of carbon,nitrogen and sulfur,and mineralogical investigations have shown that a series of microbial functional groups might have flourished during the P-Tr transition,including those capable of sulfate reduction,anaerobic H2S oxidation,methanogenesis,aerobic CH4oxidation,denitrification,and nitrogen fixation.These microbes may have served to both enhance and degrade the habitability of the Earth-surface environment during this crisis.The integrated microbial roles have enabled the Earth’s exosphere to be a self-regulating system.     

Influence of the pore structure and surface chemical properties of activated carbon on the adsorption of mercury from aqueous solutions

Reactivation and chemical modification were used to obtain modified activated carbons with different pore structure and surface chemical properties. The samples were characterized by nitrogen absorption–desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the Bothem method. Using mercury chloride as the target pollutant, the Hg²⁺ adsorption ability of samples was investigated. The results show that the Hg²⁺ adsorption capacity of samples increased significantly with increases in micropores and acidic functional groups and that the adsorption process was exothermic. Different models and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated to establish the mechanisms. It was concluded that the adsorption occurred through a monolayer mechanism by a two-speed process involving both rapid adsorption and slow adsorption. The adsorption rate was determined by chemical reaction.     

基于生态系统的海底功能区划初步构想

文章研究界定了海底功能区划的概念,并结合定义从3个视角对海底生态系统特征进行了深入探讨。提出海底功能区划整体区划思路,并设计其具体步骤。以资源区位、可开发资源种类与海底区域环境条件为依据,开展了海底资源分类研究。基于生态系统的区划理念,结合海洋资源开发特征,从空间立体配置、时间动态配置和功能兼容配置3个角度探讨海底资源配置的具体原则。最后,提出我国下一步开展海底功能区划的对策建议。     

海南省填海造地分级管控与管理研究

近年来海南省沿海地区掀起海洋开发热潮,通过填海造地拓展经济社会发展空间成为海南省作为海洋大省发挥区位优势和国际旅游岛战略优势的手段之一,但随着填海造地项目的增加也给海洋资源环境带来巨大压力。文章提出应对填海造地规模实行总量控制,对填海造地工程进行分区分级管理,划定禁止填海区、严格限制填海区和允许适度填海区,并提出填海造地管理措施,以期为海南省填海造地提供管控和管理依据。     

基于ArcGIS Engine 的连云港海洋功能区划信息系统的设计与实现

针对连云港市大比例尺海洋功能区划多源海量数据的特点,利用软件工程思想和地理信息系统相关软件,以Embarcadero RAD Studio XE2为开发环境,采用Delphi语言,结合ArcGIS Engine提供的接口和方法进行程序设计,开发海量空间数据综合信息平台“连云港市海洋功能区划信息系统”,实现对连云港市海洋功能区划信息的可视化管理和查询,给用户提供高效直观的信息,更好地利用连云港市的海洋功能区划数据,提高海洋开发的合理性和海洋管理的科学性,实现区划数据的动态管理和信息共享。