一种基于微博签到数据的城市功能区复合程度探究方法

城市功能区复合程度是城市发展规划、评价城市区域发展均衡性的重要参考。本文以深圳市为研究对象,首先,划分渔网单元与微博签到数据求交计算样方单元各类签到数据比例。其次,采用香农熵对复合程度进行定量化描述并连接渔网赋予属性值。最后,基于Arc GIS由粗至细进行可视化呈现和分析。结果表明,提出的方法能够有效地表示城市功能区的复合情况,具有较强的可操作性。     

基于主体功能区划的上海市国土空间结构研究

构建由资源环境承载力子系统、现有开发密度子系统、发展潜力子系统3个子系统组成的上海市主体功能区指标体系。运用2012年数据计算各指标体系的综合得分,并制作Moran散点图。同时,依据资源环境承载力、现有开发密度与发展潜力这3个因素的综合评分以及Moran散点图的象限把上海市各区县划分成六大功能亚类:核心功能提升亚区、核心功能优化亚区、战略发展亚区、都市发展亚区、城市拓展亚区与生态涵养亚区。最后,剖析这六大功能亚区与国家层面上的优化开发区、重点开发区与限制开发区之间的内在联系。     

Effects of climate change and urban development on the distribution and conservation of vegetation in a Mediterranean type ecosystem

Climate and land-use changes are projected to threaten biodiversity over this century. However, few studies have considered the spatial and temporal overlap of these threats to evaluate how ongoing land-use change could affect species ranges projected to shift outside conservation areas. We evaluated climate change and urban development effects on vegetation distribution in the Southwest ecoregion, California Floristic Province, USA. We also evaluated how well a conservation network protects suitable habitat for rare plant species under these change projections and identified primary sources of uncertainty. We used consensus-based maps from three species distribution models (SDMs) to project current and future suitable habitat for 19 species representing different functional types (defined by fire-response – obligate seeders, resprouting shrubs – and life forms – herbs, subshrubs), and range sizes (large/common, small/rare). We used one spatially explicit urban growth projection; two climate models, emission scenarios, and probability thresholds applied to SDMs; and high-resolution (90 m) environmental data. We projected that suitable habitat could disappear for 4 species and decrease for 15 by 2080. Averaged centroids of suitable habitat (all species) were projected to shift tens (up to hundreds) of kilometers. Herbs showed a small-projected response to climate change, while obligate seeders could suffer the greatest losses. Several rare species could lose suitable habitat inside conservation areas while increasing area outside. We concluded that (i) climate change is more important than urban development for vegetation habitat loss in this ecoregion through 2080 due to diminishing amounts of undeveloped private land in this region; (ii) the existing conservation plan, while extensive, may be inadequate to protect plant diversity under projected patterns of climate change and urban development, (iii) regional assessments of the dynamics of the drivers of biodiversity change based on high-resolution environmental data and consensus predictive mapping, such as this study, are necessary to identify the species expected to be the most vulnerable and to meaningfully inform regional-scale conservation.     

Effects of contamination of single and combined cadmium and mercury on the soil microbial community structural diversity and functional diversity

To assess the effects of single and combined pollution of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) on soil micro-bial community structural and functional diversities, an incubation experiment was conducted, by employing two soils, namely, the marine sediment silty loam soil and the yellowish-red soil, in which five levels of Cd, Hg and Cd and Hg in combination were added. After being incubated for 56 days, the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profile and sole carbon source utilization pattern (BIOLOG) of the samples were tested. The results showed that the compo-sition of the microbial communities changed significantly at different levels of metals application. The principal component analyses (PCA) of PLFAs indicated that the structure of the microbial community was also significantly altered with increasing levels of metals, with increasing PLFAs biomarkers for fungi and actinomycetes, and in-creasing ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria. Sole carbon source utilization pattern analysis revealed that single and combined application of Cd and Hg inhibited significantly the functional activity of soil microorgan-isms, the functional diversity indices [Richness (S), Shannon-Wiener indices (H) and Evenness (EH)] were signifi-cantly lower in polluted soils than those in non-polluted soils, which also significantly altered with increasing levels of metals. PCA for the sole carbon source utilization pattern also indicated that the metal contamination could result in a variable soil microbial community. The results revealed that the combination of Cd and Hg had higher toxicity to soil microbial community structural and functional diversities than the individual application of Cd or Hg.     

In situ experimental decomposition studies in estuaries: A comparison of Phragmites australis and Fucus vesiculosus

The decomposition rates of Phragmites australis and Fucus vesiculosus were experimentally determined in an estuarine system using the leaf-bag technique. The study was conducted in fifteen sites arranged in five areas, extending from freshwater, outside the tidal range, to the marine environment, near the mouth of the estuary. The leaf-bags (5 mm mesh), were set up with 3.0 g of dried substrate, submerged in the experimental sites at day 0 and collected at days 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60, to follow biomass loss. The biomass loss through the leaching phase (day 3) was about 16% for Phragmites australis and 33% for Fucus vesiculosus and was independent of salinity for both substrates. The difference in the remaining biomass between the two species increased with time and the decomposition rates differed along the salinity gradient. For F. vesiculosus, the decomposition rate was highest near the mouth of the estuary, corresponding to the preferential distribution area of the algae, and decreased towards freshwater. For Phragmites australis, the fastest decay was observed in the mid estuary, where Phragmites australis occurs naturally, confirming previous studies. The decomposition rates measured at different time intervals (0–15, 0–30 and 0–60 days) were always higher for the algae and decreased with time for both species. These results indicate that the use of decomposition rates as a measure of ecosystem integrity or quality status in transitional waters will not be straightforward and must take into account, among others, the test species, the study area positioning along the estuarine gradient, and the time interval for the calculation of the decomposition rate.     

取代异噻唑啉酮类化合物抗菌活性的定量构效关系研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)和逐步回归分析方法对具有抗菌活性的18种新合成的取代异噻唑啉酮类化合物进行了定量构效关系(QSAR)研究。在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平上,对异噻唑啉酮类化合物进行了构型全优化,并提取部分量子化学参数,通过逐步多元回归分析,筛选了影响抗菌活性的主要因素,建立了定量构效关系方程。结果表明,C(5)的亲核电子密度fCN(5)与S(1)-N(2)的键级BS(1)-N(2),是影响异噻唑啉酮类化合物抗大肠杆菌活性的主要因素,所得QSAR模型对该类化合物抗菌活性有较好的预测效果。     

集聚经济、制度约束与汽车产业跨国公司在华功能区位

基于全球500强在华投资数据,研究了汽车产业跨国公司在华功能区位。随着汽车产业跨国公司在华功能不断拓展,不同功能的空间分离已非常明显;服务功能主要集中在北京、上海,而生产功能则对上海、天津、重庆、广州等城市具有更强的偏好。条件逻辑模型的研究结果表明,集聚经济和制度约束是影响汽车产业跨国公司在华不同功能区位选择的重要因素...     

环新疆经济圈视角下新疆主体功能区划分研究

环新疆经济圈是以中国新疆为中心区域构建的经济圈,为新疆主体功能区的划分和建设提供了全新的视角.从资源承载能力、开发密度和发展潜力三大方面选择指标,利用因子分析等现代统计分析方法,在调研数据的基础上实证研究新疆主体功能区的划分问题,并以县级区域为单位将新疆划分为重点开发区、限制开发区、禁止开发区和战略后备区.基于环新疆经济圈视角做出的新疆主体功能区划分结论为当前新疆实施的跨越式发展和跨国区域经济合作提供了重要的参考依据.     

名词化隐喻在语篇构建中的功能浅析

在语言的使用过程中，人们根据语境变量即语场、语旨和语式的需要，选择一致式或隐喻式表达自己的思想。作为语法隐喻的重要手段，名词化隐喻在各类语篇中大量出现。名词化隐喻在语篇的构建中具有多种功能，它能使语篇简洁，正式，精确，客观，权威，连贯。通过对名词化隐喻在语篇构建中的功能的分析，以实例说明对名词化隐喻的合理运用可帮助作者更好地表达思想，体现意图，达到预期的效果。提高对名词化隐喻的意识程度，了解掌握名词化结构的用法，有助于更好地分析语篇，理解语篇。     

黑水虻在水产饲料中的应用进展

总结黑水虻的生物特性、营养成分含量及其在水产饲料中的应用,简述黑水虻幼虫不同产品形式(干虫/虫粉、脱脂虫粉、虫油、鲜虫/虫浆)在草食性、杂食性、肉食性和甲壳动物饲料中的应用进展,阐述在水产动物饲料中适量添加黑水虻可提高所饲动物的生长性能,过量添加则引起动物发生病理性变化,综述在不同水生动物中黑水虻的最适添加量,提出黑水虻在产业化生产及水产饲料中的应用前景及问题。