Abundance and biomass of meiobenthos in the spawning ground of anchovy (Engraulis japanicus) in the southern Huanghai Sea

1 Introduction Meiofauna is an important group in benthic small food web energetically due to their small size, high abundance and fast turnover rates. The production of meiofauna is equal to or higher than that of macrofau- na in estuaries, shallow waters and deep sea (Gerlach, 1971; Platt and Warwick, 1980; Heip et al., 1985; Zhang et al., 2004). A role of meiofauna may be the recycling of nutrients. Marine nematodes may keep the bacterial colonies on sand grains in active phase of growth …     

Middle Miocene (Langhian) sapropel formation in the easternmost Mediterranean deep-water basin: Evidence from northern Cyprus

Mid-Miocene (Langhian; ∼15.4 Ma) sapropels formed within the easternmost Mediterranean basin, now uplifted in northern Cyprus. These sapropels represent the oldest known sapropels in a predominantly marl succession. Six well-developed sapropels were studied. Strontium isotope dating of twelve samples gave a preferred age of ∼15.4 Ma (Langhian); i.e. during the final phases of the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO). The age of the best-preserved nannofossil assemblage (Langhian) is close to the strontium ages. The Langhian strontium ages are preferred over an alternative early Serravallian age for less well-preserved nannofossil assemblages. Total organic carbon contents in the sapropels reach maximum values of 3.9 wt.%. Relative to the host marls, the sapropels show enrichments in terrigenous-derived minerals and related major and trace elements. Sedimentological evidence indicates that the terrigenous sediments were eroded from the northern borderlands of the deep-water basin under warm, humid conditions. High fresh-water run-off from surrounding landmasses is likely to have promoted a low-salinity lid to the eastern Mediterranean deep-water basin. This, in turn, would have restricted deep-water ventilation and promoted widespread anoxia. Exceptionally high concentrations of chalcophile elements (e.g. Cu, Ni and Zn) are consistent with anoxic conditions. Abundant nutrient-rich fresh-water input is also likely to have stimulated siliceous productivity (although any siliceous microfossils did not survive diagenesis). A significant role for diagenesis in sapropel formation is indicated by the mobilisation of Ba from sapropels to marl directly beneath. Orbitally induced dry–wet oscillation, the mechanism invoked to explain the Pliocene to Holocene sapropels, apparently was already in place during the latest stages of the MCO when the Langhian sapropels accumulated. These sapropels accumulated immediately after the Middle Miocene closure of the Southern Neotethys when the Eastern Mediterranean Sea apparently became more sensitive to orbital cyclicity. The development of a semi-enclosed deep-water basin was, therefore, a prerequisite for sapropel formation.     

二维自由面条件和辐射条件的数值模拟

在时域内对二维自由面条件和远方辐射条件进行数值模拟,自由面条件采用先积分后离散的处理方式,远方条件采用匹配积分方程的方法和透射理论的人工边界方法处理。分别计算了圆柱与水面直交和斜交时的水动力系数以及摇板造波问题的速度势,计算结果与文献值和理论值符合程度良好。     

室内培养硏究硝酸盐对中肋骨条藻生长的影响

中肋骨条藻是一种广温、广盐性的浮游硅藻，并且多次在长江口及其他海域形成赤潮，对海洋生态环境造成严重危害，因此引起国内、外赤潮研究者的广泛关注。不少学者对中肋骨条藻种群的生态、生理特点展开研究(刘东艳等，2002；黄文祥等，1989；邹景忠等，1989；李铁，1990，2000)。营养盐是海洋浮游植物所必需的成分，海水中某种营养盐含量过低往往对浮游植物生长形成限制(Myers et al.，1981；Brian，1986；胡明辉等，1989)。海水营养盐含量过高则易形成富营养化，可进一步引发赤潮(周名江，2001)。硝酸盐是海洋浮游植物所必需的营养物质之一，它直接影响着浮游植物的生长、繁殖等生物活动(李铁，2000；Ryther et al.，1971)。研究海水中硝酸盐浓度和N/P对浮游藻类生长的影响将有助于我们了解高营养化与赤潮发生之间的关系。本文对在不同营养结构条件下，中肋骨条藻的生长速率、培养介质中的pH和溶解有机碳(DOC)进行了研究。     

水合物直井与水平井产气效果分析——以神狐海域SH2站位为例

以现有的南海神狐海域SH2钻孔资料为基础,建立起了与试采站位类似的"水合物层—游离气层"成藏模型,利用TOUGH+Hydrate数值模拟软件,对开采井内产气的来源问题做出了定量解释;分别使用直井和水平井降压开采方式,对"水合物层—游离气层"的储层进行了产气效率、储层开采程度方面的比较。结果表明:1)对研究工况,使用直井降压开采时,前100 d内井内气体有16%是直接来源于下部游离气层,且仍有很大部分游离气是向上迁移至水合物层中后产出,最终游离气层的贡献可达40%左右; 2)直井开采易生成二次水合物,而使用水平井开采时,游离气的向上迁移会带动更深层热液的向上运动,能在很大程度上提高水合物分解速率,并能够防止二次水合物的形成; 3)对研究工况中的"水合物层—游离气层"储层进行长期开采时,水平井降压开采更具应用前景。     

五科1井下古生界流体包裹体特征与天然气成藏期分析

五科1井位于四川盆地川东高陡构造带五百梯构造,钻达寒武系地层,并在下志留统小河坝组角砾泥岩中发现天然气藏。通过对该井下古生界地层裂缝充填物的系统取样分析,发现志留系样品包裹体均一温度为210℃左右,含有大量天然气,而寒武系包裹体样品均一温度较低,为150℃左右,不含天然气。综合包裹体信息和地质研究认为,五科1井下志留统小河坝组气藏中的天然气来自龙马溪组黑色页岩,成藏期为燕山晚期。下寒武统源岩对中上寒武统以上地层天然气成藏没有贡献。     

双相介质瑞雷面波有限差分正演模拟

为了研究双相介质瑞雷面波的形成机制及传播规律,促进瑞雷面波资料处理方法的发展。文章根据弹性波动方程,采用交错网格有限差分算法,对二维各向同性弹性介质做解析解与数值解的对比,在此基础上,将PML吸收边界条件,改进的镜像法应用于双相介质波动方程中,并作了稳定性分析,对双相介质水平层状、起伏分界面等典型模型瑞雷面波及体波在内的全波场进行研究。结果表明:基于弹性介质解析解与数值解的对比,在误差接受范围内,研究双相介质是可行的;把稍作改进的镜像法应用于双相介质中,能够有效地处理瑞雷面波自由边界问题;通过详细分析双相介质瑞雷面波及体波在内的全波场的信息,对以双相介质为基础的地震波勘探有一定的指导作用。     

构造圈闭有效性的数学判别

构造圈闭有效性的数学判别，是将以往的定性分析发展为定量分析。本方法以同沉积原理为基础，用数学方法分析的构造顶部与翼部的地层厚度变化关系，计算出了不同地质历史时期的构造生长指数，绘制地质年代与构造生长指数的关系曲线，进而结合分轩模拟结果分析构造圈闭的有效性。给出了本方法在海相碳酸岩地区某构造圈闭的应用实例。用此方法进行构造圈评价可使油气探更逼近目标，减少预探风险，提高钻井成功率。     

张掖市“三氮”分布及成因

应用氮同位素技术对地下水NO3-来源识别表明,污水灌溉是浅层地下水中NO3-主要来源,非污水灌区的化肥的大量施用、粪便的随意堆放是周边地下水中NO3-的主要来源。     

Daytime deposition and nighttime dissolution of calcium carbonate controlled by submerged plants in a karst spring-fed pool: insights from high time-resolution monitoring of physico-chemistry of water

Water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and specific conductivity (spc) were measured in a time interval of 15 min in a karst spring and the spring-fed pool with flourishing submerged plants in Guilin, SW China under dry weather for periods of 2 days. Measurements allowed calculation of calcium and bicarbonate concentrations ([Ca²⁺] and [HCO₃ ⁻]), and thus CO₂ partial pressure ( ) and saturation index of calcite (SIc). Results show that there were not any diurnal variations in the physico-chemical parameters of the water for the spring. However, during daytime periods, pool water decreased to far less than the spring water in a few hours, pH and SIc increased to greater than the spring, and [Ca²⁺] and [HCO₃ ⁻] decreased to less than the spring. During nighttime periods, pool water returned to or even increased to greater than the spring, pH and SIc decreased to less than the spring, and [Ca²⁺] and [HCO₃ ⁻] increased to greater than the spring. The decrease in [Ca²⁺] and [HCO₃ ⁻] to less than the spring during daytime periods implies daytime deposition of calcium carbonate, while the increase in [Ca²⁺] and [HCO₃ ⁻] to greater than the spring during nighttime periods implies nighttime dissolution of calcium carbonate. The direction of the observed changes depended essentially on the illumination, indicating that daytime photosynthetic and nighttime respiratory activities in the pool aquatic plant ecosystem, which were further evidenced by the increase and decrease in DO during daytime and nighttime periods respectively, were the main processes involved. The large variations of the components of the carbonate system imply considerable changes of the capacities of CO₂ and O₂ in water. The finding has implications for water sampling strategy in slow-flowing karst streams and other similar environments with stagnant water bodies such as estuaries, lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands, where aquatic plant ecosystem may flourish.