武汉市传销犯罪点的空间格局变化及其建成环境影响因素

基于中国裁判文书网的传销犯罪数据及与城市建成环境相关的POI数据,以传销高发城市武汉市为例,采用最近邻指数法、核密度估计法和地理探测器对武汉市2012—2019年传销犯罪点的空间格局变化及其建成环境影响因素进行研究.结果发现:1)武汉市传销犯罪在空间上集聚分布,呈现"市中心聚集"和"多中心"的特点,形成了东西湖区、黄陂...     

ZG市诈骗犯罪的时空分布与影响因素

诈骗犯罪是现代城市中亟待解决的一大社会难题。现有研究多从社会学角度,基于微观层次探讨影响诈骗受害的个人属性特征,缺乏从地理学视角对诈骗受害者生存环境中的中宏观层次因素的考虑。本文基于犯罪地理学视角,综合运用平均最近邻、核密度以及负二项回归等研究方法,对ZG市5类诈骗警情的时空分布特征和基于建成环境与社会环境两大维度的影响因素进行了深入探讨。结果表明：① 各类诈骗的时间分布规律各异,但整体上呈现出工作日高于休息日、下午或晚上高于上午、凌晨时段为最低的特征;② 和其他类型的城市犯罪类似,诈骗犯罪整体呈现出与老城区距离衰减的“多中心”显著性集聚特征;各类型诈骗热点的空间分布大同小异,多分布在城市的老城区、CBD、火（汽）车站、城中村或高校布局的周边地带;③ 各类诈骗犯罪的空间分布影响因素各异,但整体表现出与银行网点、旅游景点、道路密度、土地利用混合度、高校等建成环境因素高度相关;与购买商品房家庭占比、受教育水平、人口老龄化和城镇化水平等社会环境显著相关的特性。本文拓展了犯罪地理学领域对诈骗犯罪的研究成果,证实了各类诈骗犯罪符合日常活动理论的理论假设,对诈骗受害情景预防具有重要意义。     

Book Reviews

Boris, Eileen and Prugel, Elisabeth (eds.), Homeworkers in Global Perspective: Invisible No More Chrisman, Nicholas R., Exploring Geographic Information Systems Cox, Kevin R. (ed.), Spaces of Globalization: Reasserting the Power of the Local. Cullingworth, Barry, Planning in the USA: Policies, Issues and Processes Elliott, David, Energy, Society and Environment Hood, Christopher and Jones, David K. C. (eds.), Accident and Design: Contemporary Debates in Risk Management Jones, John Paul, III; Nast, Heidi J. and Roberts, Susan M. (eds.), Thresholds in Feminist Geography: Difference, Methodology, Representation Longley, Paul and Batty, Michael (eds.), Spatial Analysis: Modelling in a GIS Environment Masudpiloto, Felix Roberto, From Welcomed Exiles to Illegal Immigrants: Cuban Migration to the U.S., 1959–1995 Monmonier, Mark, Cartographies of Danger: Mapping Hazards in America Phelps, Nicholas A., Multinationals and European Integration: Trade Investment, and Regional Development Short, Nicholas M. and Blair, Robert W., Jr. (eds.), Geomorphology From Space: A Global Overview of Regional Landforms Sorenson, John L. and Raish, Martin H., Pre-Columbian Contact with the Americas across the Oceans: An Annotated Bibliography Thompson, Gary L., Shelley, Fred M., and Wije, Chand (eds.), Geography, Environment, and American Law Thompson, Russell D. and Perry, Allen (eds.), Applied Climatology: Principles and Practice Williams, Colin C., Consumer Services and Economic Development     

Getting Away with the Stolen Vehicle: An Investigation of Journey‐after‐Crime*

Analyses of criminals' travel patterns can provide significant suggestions to improve crime management. This study extends the investigation of criminals' travel behavior from journey‐to‐crime to journey‐after‐crime. Moreover, new methods are developed to examine the spatial patterns of location pairs when restricted by the underlying geographical process. The methods are employed to investigate criminals' journey‐after‐auto‐theft in the city of Buffalo, New York. The analyses reveal that auto thieves' trips from vehicle‐theft locations to the corresponding vehicle‐recovery locations are local in nature. The travel distances are significantly shorter than the randomly simulated trips; the travel directions are biased from the random directions as well.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Introduction to Climatology for the Tropics . J. O. Ayoade. Conservation and Management of Natural Resources in the United States . Charles F. Bennett. The Keeping of Animals: Adaptation and Social Relations in Livestock Producing Communities . Riva Berleant-Schiller and Eugenia Shanklin, ed. The Evolution of Geographic Thought in America: A Kentucky Root Wilford A. Bladen and Pradyumna P. Karan, eds. Latin America: Geographical Perspectives , 2nd ed. Harold Blakemore and Clifford T. Smith, ed. The Rural Real Estate Market. Department of Geography Publication Series, No. 18 . Chris Bryant. Urban Geomorphology in Drylands . R. U. Cooke, D. Brunsden, J. C. Doornkamp, and D. K. C. Jones with contributions by J. Griffiths, P. Knott, R. Potter, and R. Russell. Italian Geography, 1960–1980. Meeting of the Status of the Geographic Research in Italy, 1960–1980. Treated under the auspices of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and organized by Istituto di Geografia Umana della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Giacomo Corna Pellecrini and Carlo Brusa, eds. The Changing Fenland . H. C. Darby. The Future for the City Centre . R. L. Davies and A. G. Champion, eds. Saudi Arabia, Energy, Developmental Planning, and Industrialization . Ragaei El Mallakh, Dorothea H. El Mallakh, eds. For We Are Sold, I and My People: Women and Industry in Mexico's Frontier . Maria Patricia Fernández-Kelly. The Great Lakes Forest: An Environmental and Social History . Susan L. Flader, ed. Regional Transformation and Industrial Revolution: A Geography of the Yorkshire Woolen Industry . Derek Gregory Crime in City Politics . Anne Heinz, Herbert Jacob and Robert L. Lineberry, eds. Revitalizing Cities . H. Briavel Holcomb and Robert A. Beauregard. Cartographic Relief Presentation . Eduard Imhof. H. J. Steward, Trans. Soviet Union: A Geographical Survey . S. V. Kalesnik and V. F. Pavlenko, ed. Cognition and Environment . Stephen Kaplan and Rachel Kaplan. Environmental Protection: The International Dimension . David A. Kay and Harold K. Jacobsen, eds. Mathematical Programming Methods for Geographers and Planners , James Killen. Gentrification Amid Urban Decline: Strategies for America's Older Cities . Michael H. Lang. The North Atlantic Sulphur System . Risto Laulajainen. The Jerusalem Cathedra: Studies in the History, Archaeology, Geography and Ethnography of the Land of Israel, Vol. 2 . Lee I. Levine ed. Jerusalem and Detroit: Recreation Planning and Management . Stanely R. Lieber and Daniel R. Fesenmaier, eds. Heartland and Hinterland: A Geography of Canada . L. D. McCann, ed. Scarborough Where We Live: The Residential Districts of Minneapolis and St. Paul . Judith A. Martin and David A. Lanegran. California: The Geography of Diversity . Crane S. Miller and Richard S. Hyslop. Palo Alto The Dilemma of Amazonian Development . Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder Nuclear Waste: Socioeconomic Dimensions of Long-Term Storage . Steve H. Murdock, F. Larry Leistritz, and Rita R. Hamm, eds. Boulder Communism and the Politics of Inequalities . Daniel N. Nelson, ed. The Los Angeles Metropolis . Howard J. Nelson. Dubuque An Historical Geography of Urban System Development: Tidewater Virginia in the 18th Century . James O'Mara. Procedures and Standards for a Multipurpose Cadastre . East Asia: Geographical and Historical Approaches to Foreign Area Studies . Clifton W. Pannell, ed. Dubuque Mackinder: Geography as an Aid to Statecraft . W. H. Parker. Beyond the Urban Fringe: Land Use Issues of Nonmetropolitan America . Rutherford H. Platt and George Macinko, eds. Recreation Geography of the USSR . V. S. Preobrazhensky and V. M. Krivosheyev, eds. Missouri: A Geography . Milton D. Rafferty The Invisible Farmers: Women in Agricultural Production . Carolyn E. Sachs. Cayman Islands Seashore Vegetation: A Study in Comparative Biogeography . Jonathan D. Sauer. Hillslope Materials and Processes . Michael J. Selby. Housing in Britain: The Post-War Experience . John R. Short The Study of Population: Elements, Patterns and Processes . George A. Schnell and Mark Stephen Monmonier. Columbus The Soviet Union: A Systematic Geography . Leslie Symons, ed. The Ottoman Slave Trade and Its Suppression . Ehud R. Toledano. The Impact of Recession on Industry, Employment and the Regions, 1976–1981 . Alan R. Townsend. Landslides and Their Control , 2nd ed. Quido Záruba and Vojtech Mencl. Translated from the Czech by H. Zárubová and V. Mencl.     

美国内布拉斯加州林肯市犯罪行为的聚类及热点分布分析

抢劫和入室盗窃犯罪行为是日常生活中最长见的违法行为,而这两种违法行为的发生有一定的规律可循。例如抢劫行为主要发生在市中心、CBD和商业中心的人群、商铺密集区域,而入室盗窃则多发生于生活社区及其周边地带。然而,想要防范这两种犯罪行为需要根据实际情况进行分析和比对,结合分析结果提出准确合理的警力部署。美国内布拉斯加州林肯市警察局针对该市抢劫和入室盗窃犯罪行为高发的情况,需要针对具体分析结果对于警力进行部署,主要针对徒步巡逻和是否需要对住户进行入户警示进行分析,根据分析结果进行具体部署。本文中使用的分析方法为紧邻层空间聚类分析(NNH)和针对犯罪的空间和时间分析法(SPAC),分别对林肯市入室行窃和抢劫的数据进行分析并尝试将两种方法进行对比以便给出更加科学的分析报告。     

城市犯罪空间盲区的综合治理研究

综合治理城市犯罪的空间盲区,是解决城市犯罪问题的有效途径,其研究为城市规划、建设和管理有利于预防和控制犯罪,提供了新的理念与方法,为犯罪地理学和城市地理学开辟了一个新的研究领域。根据空间盲区的形态、性质和对犯罪的影响,将城市犯罪的空间盲区划分为公共、非公共、边际、移动和虚拟空间等5种类型。在述评国外城市犯罪空间研究进展的基础上,构建了城市犯罪空间盲区综合治理的理论平台,论证了空间盲区综合治理的不可替代性,提出了综合治理的基础理论要点和应用理论要点。空间盲区的形成有一系列深刻的空间区位因素,其综合治理研究应有明确的研究目标和方向,核心研究内容为5类空间盲区综合治理的途径、实施方案和措施。还提出了综合治理研究的思路、方法和关键技术。     

中国非法采伐林木行为的空间分布及其驱动因子

基于2014—2020年中国50 094份非法采伐犯罪的刑事一审判决书,运用空间自相关分析与地理加权回归模型,探究中国非法采伐的空间分布特征及其驱动因素。结果表明：1）非法采伐多发于胡焕庸线东南侧,集中在云贵高原东南边缘、巫山―雪峰山沿线、武夷山脉―南岭沿线、大别山沿线、长白山沿线等地区;2）受自然、社会、经济条件的影响,上述高发区域的非法采伐特征存在明显的区域差异。3）非法采伐具有较强的空间集聚效应,相同地理分区内相邻地市非法采伐在空间上具有较强的稳定性;但不同区域间又呈各异的空间集聚特征,其中西南与东南地区主要呈高-高集聚态势、西北与华北地区为低-低集聚,东北地区与长江沿线地市则不显著。4）不同影响因子在空间上对非法采伐的驱动作用各异,其中自然禀赋是非法采伐产生的必要不充分条件,区域随着城市化与社会经济发展水平的提高能够有效抑制非法采伐的发生。     

典型拐入地河北省拐卖犯罪的多维特征与形成机制

基于中国裁判文书网和线上访谈数据,综合运用数理统计、空间分析、案例分析等方法,聚焦拐卖犯罪人,解析河北省拐卖犯罪的多维特征与形成机制。研究发现：1）拐卖犯罪人男性多于女性,犯案年龄以30~45岁为最;犯罪人的受教育水平较低,小学和初中学历占比过半;拐卖妇女、儿童的作案人占总犯罪人的79.8%;67.5%的犯罪人受到监禁矫正,获刑10年以上的仅占7.2%。2）河北省拐卖犯罪发生时间的年际变化呈“倒勺状”,分为增长期、波动期和减少期3个时期;案件审理时间则表现为“单峰型”,峰值出现在2014年。3）拐卖犯罪人在全国范围内形成“两热一冷”的空间格局,集中分布在冀南地区和滇桂交界;受害人分布更加集中,被拐儿童集中在冀南地区,被拐妇女则集中在冀北地区;河北省已形成邯郸市与“衡水—邢台—石家庄”内流、“冀南—鲁西”拐出、“川滇桂黔—冀南”国内拐入与“朝鲜—冀北”跨国拐入等主要犯罪路径。4）河北省拐卖犯罪的发生受地理区位、经济发展、传统观念、教育水平、政策制度等多方面因素的影响。并且,由于河北省内部地理位置和经济发展水平的差异,南北不同地区拐卖犯罪的形成也存在一定差异。不同地理区位下差异化的自然社会经济条件,在推拉相互作用下,形成河北省模式化的拐卖犯罪路径与独特拐卖犯罪地域网络。     

ZG市非接触型诈骗被害相对发生概率的性别差异

利用ZG市老城区2015~2016年具有个人属性的诈骗警情数据,分析女性和男性遭受非接触型诈骗相对接触型诈骗的发生概率,建立多层次Logit回归模型研究其影响因素的差异。结果表明,两性别非接触型诈骗被害的相对发生概率均受制于个体和社区两个层次因素的影响,且社区层次均发挥主要作用。其中,女性和男性在个体层次的影响因素类似,表现为本地户籍的高水平受教育者在白天更易遭受非接触型诈骗的侵害。但在社区层次的影响因素迥异,在外来人口少、银行网点少、离婚丧偶率低、有高校的本地年轻人为主的社区,女性非接触型诈骗被害相对发生概率高;而在租房比例高、农业人口少、大型零售商业网点少、低教育水平人口比例少的外来中高收入白领为主的社区,男性非接触型诈骗被害相对发生概率则更高。