Forms of Iron in the Phosphorites of Abu—Tartur Area,Egypt

The Campanian-Maastrichtian phosphatic deposits in Egypt,called the Duwi Forma-tion,comprise a part of the extensive Middle East to North African phosphogenic province of Late Cretaceous to Paleogene age.The province holds the greatest accumulation of phosphorites in the geological history,possibly in excess of 70 billion metric tons.The phosphate resources in Egypt alone exceed 3 billion metric tons.Two-third of these three billions occur only in the Abu-Tartur area.Among the phosphorite deposits in Egypt,the phosphorites of the Abu-Tartur area are characterized by high contents of iron ranging from 3% to 7% with an average of 5%.The detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies on the Abu-Tartur phosphorites revealed that iron is found in the form of pyrite,ankerite,clay minerals,microinclusions,and iron oxide.Pyrite,which is the major fraction,occurs as filling cement and partial to complete teplacement of phosphatic grains and confined to the fresh phosphorites while iron oxide occurs as cryp-tocrystalline aggregates of red to brown particles and is confined to the weathered outcrops.Ex-clusive relations between pyrite in the fresh phosphorite samples inside the Abu-Tartur mine and iron oxide in the equivalent horizon of the weathered exposure indicated that iron oxide was formed by the oxidation of pyrite as a result of weathering.All of these forms harm the quality of ore,manufacturing processes,and the produced phosphoric acid and fertilizers.     

喀斯特坡地石灰土硫形态分布及其同位素组成特征

土壤中S形态及各形态硫化物的稳定S同位素组成的分布特征对于土壤S循环研究具有重要意义。利用S形态连续提取方法测定了喀斯特坡地石灰土总S、SO4^2- -S、S^0-S、FeS—S、FeS2-S和有机S含量及其δ^34S值。有机S是石灰土主要的S形态,占总S的76．5％～93．6％。总S和有机S含量随土壤深度加深而降低,这与有机S矿化有关,对应有机S的δ^34S值逐渐增大。总体来看,FeS2是石灰土主要的无机S形态,其次为SO4^2-、FeS和S^0。石灰土表层以下深度FeS2-S增加与SO4^2-异化还原反应速率增大有关,对应SO4^2-和FeS2的δ^34S值平行增大。深层土壤FeS2-S降低则主要与SO4^2-异化还原反应速率减小及无机S厌氧氧化有关。土壤各形态S含量及其δ^34S值的分布特征,可以记录与深度相关的S形态转化过程。值得注意的是,受石灰土类型、植被状况及地形特征等因素的影响,喀斯特坡地石灰土中SO4^2-、FeS2和有机S组分容易迁移,这也是石灰土中各形态S分布变异的主要原因。     

钚在地下水中的存在形态分析

钚是某些放射性废物中的关键核素,在放射性废物地质处置的过程中,钚的迁移行为研究对于处置库的安全评价至关重要。钚的存在形态直接影响其迁移行为,本文选用地球化学模式程序EQ3/6模拟计算了钚在某区钻孔地下水中的存在形态,并对影响因素进行了分析。结果表明某区地下水主要为咸水,具有高矿化的特征,pH值在7～9之间,水化学类型主要以Cl-SO4-Na型和SO4-Cl-Na型为主,地下水中钚的存在形态主要以Pu(Ⅳ)物种为主。并通过结论得出钚的存在形态主要受着地下水化学成分特征控制,同时pH值和Eh的值对钚的存在形态也有很大的影响。     

气象代码的应用现状及向表格驱动代码过渡的影响分析

对气象代码的组成、字符代码的特点及局限性、表格驱动代码的特点及优势进行了介绍, 对我国气象代码的应用现状进行了分析, 并介绍了世界气象组织由字符代码向表格驱动代码过渡计划的主要内容。向表格驱动代码过渡对我国各级气象部门现有观测系统、通信传输、数据处理及存储、数据使用等多个业务环节产生的影响进行了初步分析和探讨, 并对我国表格驱动代码过渡应开展的工作提出了初步设想。     

关中塿土地区土壤pH变化对硒形态及有效性的影响

以关中塿土为研究对象,选择周至-户县中酸性土壤和三原-阎良偏碱性土壤2个典型地区,采集小麦根系土及小麦籽粒样品,测试分析样品中硒含量及土壤中硒的形态,研究土壤pH变化对土壤中Se含量、硒形态、硒的生物有效性的影响,得出以下结论：①关中塿土pH对Se的含量影响不显著,土壤硒形态以强有机结合态、残渣态及腐殖酸结合态为主,大于80%。有效硒（离子交换态硒+水溶态硒）在偏碱性土壤中大于10%,中性土壤为4.91%,弱酸性土壤为8.17%,呈"山谷型"特征。②有效硒中,pH对水溶态Se含量影响不大,对离子交换态硒影响则更为显著。③与青海、宁夏等富硒地区相比,周至-户县、三原-阎良地区塿土中Se含量相对不高,但三原-阎良地区弱碱性、碱性塿土中种植的小麦富硒率分别达89%、100%,表明偏碱性土壤条件下硒的生物有效性较高,其中弱碱性塿土中硒的有效性最高。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田区中奥陶统马家沟组马五5-马五1亚段储层孔隙类型和演化

鄂尔多斯盆地中奥陶统马家沟组最上部的马五₅-马五₁亚段为盆地内中部气田区主要的天然气储产层之一,厚度70~80米,面积约4.8×10⁴平方千米。储集岩主要的原始岩性为不同程度地存在晶间孔隙的含硬石膏柱状晶和结核的粉晶白云岩和粗粉晶白云岩。中奥陶世末至中石炭世,经历了140余Ma的表生裸露期成岩作用,古风化壳岩溶十分强烈,特别是在含硬石膏柱状晶和结核的粉晶白云岩中形成广布于气田区的形式多样的储集空间类型。埋藏成岩作用次生溶蚀孔隙主要叠加于古风化壳岩溶所形成的孔、缝及洞中,使其再次扩溶,或使孔、缝及洞中半充填的沉积物再次溶解或部分溶解。印支期产生的80°方向和燕山期30°和60°方向的共轭裂隙,亦以在古岩溶作用较强烈、并存在孔隙的岩性中较明显。从岩芯和铸体薄片中识别出21种孔、洞、缝和裂隙,包括沉积(准同生)期的原生孔隙3种; 表生裸露成岩期次生孔隙9种; 埋藏成岩期次生孔隙5种; 构造裂隙和断层4种。在同一块岩芯,甚至同一块铸体薄片中,常可见到不同成岩期次的多种孔隙类型叠加和同时出现。在中部气田区,各种孔隙空间的发育程度,分布范围和对储层的贡献值是不一样的,是导致储层的非均质性的主要原因之一。     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬-元城地区构造裂缝特征与形成期次的划分

通过分析鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬-元城地区野外地质露头与井下裂缝特征,结合构造应力场背景分析,获得以下认识：1)该区构造裂缝以斜交于最大主应力的单条裂缝为主,尤其以SWW-NEE或近EW向裂缝和NNE-SSW或近S-N向裂缝较为发育,并发育少量对应的NW-SE和NE-SW向共轭裂缝。2）根据露头区裂缝系统的切割关系,NE向和近S-N向延伸的裂缝为后期发育, NW向和NEE向延伸的裂缝为早期发育;3)燕山期北西-南东向压应力场背景下,早白垩世末构造抬升造成的主应力差是早期共轭裂缝形成的主要原因;喜山期区域北东-南西应力挤压是后一期延伸裂缝的主要原因。     

黑藻对沉积物及土壤中不同形态磷的利用与转化

利用同一区域湖泊和河流沉积物及土壤培养黑藻,运用化学连续提取法对底质中磷的不同形态进行分离,同时分析黑藻生物量及底质中上覆水和间隙水中磷浓度的变化,并对底质中生物可利用磷进行了估算,揭示沉水植物对底质中不同形态磷的利用与转化规律。结果表明,底质中弱吸附态磷、可还原性磷（RSP）是黑藻利用的主要磷形态;土壤与沉积物相比不利于黑藻生长,营养水平高的河流沉积物有利于黑藻初期生长,但容易使其早衰;沉积物作底质上覆水和间隙水磷浓度主要受底质中RSP含量的控制;土壤作底质上覆水和间隙水磷浓度主要受弱吸附态磷控制;黑藻能促进底质中磷向可利用态转化;黑藻对土壤中生物可利用磷的利用率比沉积物低。     

Nonlinear Stability of the Lagrangian Libration Points in the Chermnykh Problem

In this paper we consider the problem of motion of an infinitesimal point mass in the gravity field of an uniformly rotating dumb-bell. The aim of our study is to investigate Liapunov stability of Lagrangian libration points of this problem. We analyze the stability of libration points in the whole range of parameters ω, μ of the problem. In particular, we consider all resonance cases when the order of resonance is not greater than five. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Adjustments in channel morphology due to land‐use changes and check dam installation in mountain torrents of Calabria (southern Italy)

In Mediterranean semi‐arid conditions, the availability of studies monitoring channel adjustments as a response to reforestation and check dams over representative observation periods, could help develop new management strategies. This investigation is an integrated approach assessing the adjustments of channel morphology in a typical torrent of southern Italy after land‐use changes and check dam construction across a period of about 60 years. A statistical analysis of historical rainfall records, an analysis of land‐use changes in the catchment area and a geomorphological mapping of channel adjustments were carried out and combined with field surveys of bed surface grain‐size over a 5‐km reach including 14 check dams. The analysis of the historical rainfall records showed a slight decrease in the amount and erosivity of precipitation. Mapping of land‐use changes highlighted a general increase of vegetal coverage on the slopes adjacent to the monitored reaches. Together with the check dam network installation, this increase could have induced a reduction in water and sediment supply. The different erosional and depositional forms and adjustments showed a general narrowing between consecutive check dams together with local modifications detected upstream (bed aggradation and cross‐section expansion together with low‐flow realignments) and downstream (local incision) of the installed check dams. Changes in the torrent bends were also detected as a response to erosional and depositional processes with different intensities. The study highlighted: the efficiency of check dams against the disrupting power of intense floods by stabilizing the active channel and the influence of reforestation in increasing hillslope protection from erosion and disconnectivity of water and sediment flows towards the active channel. Only slight management interventions (for instance, the conversion of the existing check dams into open structures) are suggested, in order to mobilize the residual sediment avoiding further generalized incision of the active channel and coast line erosion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.