基于关系视角的中国对外直接投资区位

作为发展中国家和转型期经济体,中国在对外直接投资发展中具有很强的特殊性,较多的受到国家政策及其经济增长方式的影响,具有明显的政策导向、资源导向和国有经济为主体的特征。在此背景之下,本文基于2002-2012年的中国企业对外直接投资数据和2003-2011年的中国对外直接投资流量、存量金额数据,在经典国际直接投资理论的基础上,从"关系"的视角出发,结合中国对外直接投资发展历程,系统、详细地分析了中国对外直接投资的发展模式和区位分布特征。研究发现:中国的对外直接投资在区位分布、产业分布、投资模式和企业所有制方面都相对集中,但都呈现出向多元化发展的趋势;与东道国之间存在密切的政治关系、社会关系和经济关系是中国对外直接投资的区位选择的重要影响因素。     

浙江省外商直接投资空间格局演变分析

借助Arcgis、GeoDa软件组织和提取空间数据、制图以及空间自相关分析方法,根据1997-2007年浙江省各县(市)外商直接投资数据,对其空间格局进行了分析。结果表明:浙江省外商直接投资整体上呈南北分异的空间格局,其分布重心总体上由东南向西北方向演变;集聚程度很高,但集中指数有逐年减小趋势;2000年前外商直接投资空间自相关性不显著,2000年后具有显著的正自相关性;全省外商直接投资分布的空间格局表现出南北差异在扩大、北北差异和南南差异在缩小的趋势,说明长三角对区域发展的影响显著。     

外资寿险公司在中国的区位分布与区位选择研究

中国的保险市场历来被国际保险业公认为是下一个最具开发潜力的市场。加入WTO以来,外资寿险公司在中国的投资进入快速扩张期,区位分布范围不断扩大。本文回顾了外资寿险公司在华发展历程,总结了其区位分布特点,并对其区位选择因子进行了实证分析。结果表明,外资寿险公司的保费收入与区域人均城镇收入水平正相关,而与区域第三产业发展水平和FDI呈负相关。未来外资寿险公司将向经济发展水平较高而市场发育程度相对较低的区域发展。     

国外土地整治管理的经验与借鉴

采用文献参阅法,分析了开展土地整治较早的德国、荷兰和日本等国家土地整治管理的基本情况和经验,并由此得出对我国土地整治的启示:建立完善的法律法规保障体系、进一步完善行政保障措施、拓宽土地整治资金渠道、规范土地整治权属管理、加强信息技术应用、强化土地生态环境保护和注重提升乡村生态景观。     

民国时期华北区域经济发展探讨

文章从华北商品经济的发展和对外贸易的变动2个方面探讨了民国初年至抗日战争爆发前华北区域经济的发展态势,证明了这一时期华北区域经济发展向上增长和逐渐向现代转化的趋势,最后指出虽然这一时期华北的经济有了一定发展,但整个华北区域经济的发展仍表现出明显的不均衡性。     

Foreign direct investment and local supplier upgrading – the case of grocery retail in Turkey

ABSTRACT

Foreign direct investments (FDIs) are noted as an important cross-border channel for knowledge. Thus, expanding companies can contribute to local supplying companies’ capability development, an important precondition for upgrading processes. Several transnational grocery retailers have expanded globally and introduced modern supply chain management practices to markets of emerging and developing countries. However, agri-food industries are under-researched regarding FDI-induced knowledge transfer and supplier upgrading. Based on qualitative interviews with both retailers and suppliers in the emerging market of Turkey, this article discusses the upgrading processes of fresh food suppliers driven by the FDI of grocery retailers. This article shows how the foreign retailers’ fresh fruit and vegetable supply structures have evolved towards the preferences of suppliers that vertically integrate value chain functions. Within this dynamic, transnational retailers proactively shape their suppliers and promote (functional) upgrading. The findings imply that (1) local regulatory environments should foster local sourcing and (2) the way for suppliers to work towards a solid value chain positioning is to fully integrate supply chain functions including agricultural primary production. This article argues that integrating low value-adding functions can be a type of functional upgrading that has not yet been acknowledged.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

SPATIAL PATTERNS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES

Recent foreign direct investment in the U.S. has undergone changes in its geographical location. Previous investment was mostly concentrated in the traditional industrial heartland of the Northeast and Midwest. Now there is a distinct drift to the Sunbelt and Pacific states. This reorientation is occurring faster than for manufacturing as a whole. A combination of regional competition and industrial-mix effects together with the changing national origins of foreign direct investment account for a large share of these changes.     

THE SEARCH FOR OIL: FACTORS INFLUENCING US INVESTMENT IN FOREIGN PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT*

Determinants of foreign exploration and development spending by US oil companies are examined with multiple regression analysis. Since major US oil companies earn higher profits abroad, I test the role of profit rate surrogates and cash flow in a petroleum investment model. A high income tax rate is shown to discourage foreign oil investment, a finding that should be recognized by foreign governments. Institutional factors also appear to limit the flow of investment funds out of the United States, despite attractive foreign profit rates.     

浅析近年上海外贸出口市场结构的变化：—兼谈其市场选择

近年来，随着对外贸易的逐步发展，上海对其主要市场日本、美国、欧盟、香港和东盟的出口量不断增加，五大市场占上海出口的份额由1995年的76．52％增加为1999年的79．75％，其中，对美国和欧盟出口增速高于上海出口整体水平，其分额逐步增加；对日本、香港和东盟出口虽然绝对量在增加，但份额却呈减少趋势，在全面分析上海对五大市场出口变化及其成因基础上，本文提出今后上海外贸出口重点开发的目标市场。