安徽STYS建设和省台预报技术进步

简要介绍了安徽省气象台ＳＴＹＳ（省台业务系统）建设情况及其对省台业务预报技术进步的作用，详述了资料接收，处理，微机网络，预报决策及服务等主要系统的一些特点，总结省业务系统建设的几点体会     

芜湖市天气预报实时业务系统及其潜在能力

简要介绍了一个地（市）天气预报实时业务系统的建设思路，结构，特点，功能及潜在的业务能力。     

东南沿海地区近524年旱涝阶段的探讨

本文从近５２４年东南沿海地区旱涝等级历史序列研究该区域历史时期旱涝发生的时段、技续特征及其演变规律，并对本世纪末至下世纪初的长期旱涝趋势作出阶段预测。     

Short-run forecasting of United States coal production

Summary This paper focuses on short-range modelling and forecasting of aggregate US monthly coal production. The 1976–83 time-series data suggest a multiplicative autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to replicate national level monthly coal production. The identified model required 12-month seasonal differencing and has an autoregressive component of lag 1 and a moving average component of lag 12. Model predictions for 1984 were very reasonable when compared with actual production: cyclical patterns were correctly replicated and the deterministic increasing trend was properly identified. The estimated model was enhanced by updating it with data for 1984. Intervention analysis was used to determine the impact of labour negotiations in coal production. Information relative to the identified ARIMA model was then used to model the intervening event of labour negotiations. Intervention modelling produced forecasts for 1984 superior to those identified by the ARIMA model. The mean predicted 1984 US monthly coal production of 1976–84 ARIMA and intervention models were 96.05 and 99.65% of the observed value of 74 178 thousand short tons per month, respectively. Simplicity of the ARIMA and intervention models, the realiability of their predictions, and the ease of updating make them very attractive when compared with large scale econometric models for use in short-term coal production forecasting.     

大气的可预报性与大气模式的设计

本文首先提出了设计数值天气预报模式的基本原则——模式大气的可预报性和实际大气的可预报性相一致。然后依据此原则讨论了目前在设计各种数值预报模式时存在的问题。     

广东台风特大暴雨预报

使用台风年鉴，天气图，天星云图等气象资料，对１９６０－１９９１年影响广东的３９例特大暴雨台风进行了对比分析，台风特大暴雨主要是由其云系中的中尺度强降水系统造成，归纳出形成发展的概仿模式和相应环境流场特征，建立预报思路与方法。１９９４年作１５次预报试验，其准确率达７３％。     

Neuroid BP-type Model Applied to the Study of Monthly Rainfall Forecasting

A neuroid BP-type three-layer mapping model is used for monthly rainfall forecasting in terms of 1946-1985 Nanjing monthly precipitation records as basic sequences and the model has the form i × j ＝ 8 × 3, K = 1; by steadily modifying the weighing coefficient, long-range monthly forecasts for January to December, 1986 are constructed and 1986 month-to-month predictions are made based on, say, the January measurement for February rainfall and so on, with mean absolute error reaching 6,07 and 5,73 mm, respectively. Also, with a different monthly initial value for June through September, 1994, neuroid forecasting is done, indicating the same result of the drought in Nanjing dur-ing the summer, an outcome that is in sharp agreement with the observation.     

Forecasting shield pressures at a longwall face using artificial neural networks

Leg pressure data from all shields of a longwall face are monitored and recorded in the surface computer. An algorithm is developed to detect peak pressures or periodic roof weightings from these pressure data. The intensities and locations of periodic roof weighting are further analyzed using artificial neural network for forecasting of forthcoming shield pressures. The network was trained using data 153 m (500 ft) of face advance. Shield pressures are forecasted for the successive nine mining cycles or approximately 9 m of face advancement. The results obtained validate the efficacy of the developed model.     

洪水预报过程的交互式修正技术研究

由于预报模型的局限性和实时信息的不完善,洪水预报过程存在许多误差,而基于图形交互式修正技术是消除预报误差的有效手段。分析了水文预报过程交互式修正技术在洪水预报工作中的重要性,介绍了过程拟合平滑技术和样条插值技术,基于此基础上研究实现了以橡皮筋形式交互式修正水文预报过程的技术,并应用于洪水预报系统中。研究实例表明,该技术使用方便,有效地提高了洪水预报精度。     

集对分析在城市空气污染预报中的应用研究

在城市空气污染预报模型中, 精心挑选的因子具有较好的预报性能, 但是因子的优良性能并非始终不变, 而有时个别因子的不良表现往往可能导致预报的失败。根据集对分析 (SPA) 把不确定性和确定性作为一个动态的同异反系统处理的思想, 动态地分析和处理每次预报中因子作用的变化, 即每次预报前, 先对因子进行态势判别和同异反分析, 然后使可能干扰预报的弱势因子的作用受到有效抑制, 使有助于预报的强势因子的作用得到充分发挥, 从而实现了因子作用大小在各次预报中的动态变化, 取得了较为满意的效果。在预报模型中增加不确定性处理有助于提高预报准确率。