中国"代"尺度气候预测

将子波分析技术与随机动力学相结合,提出了突变点数建模代尺度气候预测新技术—突变点数建模技术,并将该技术应用于中国不同地区代尺度的干湿驰豫时间的预报。研究结果表明,在代尺度上,我国北方、西南和东南气候灾害频繁,南方多涝,西北和北方(不包括东北)则多旱。由于该技术是关于时间序列建模的,故可以应用到水文、地震、生态等领域有关的建模和预测。     

Application of wavelet‐based multi‐model Kalman filters to real‐time flood forecasting

This paper presents the application of a multimodel method using a wavelet‐based Kalman filter (WKF) bank to simultaneously estimate decomposed state variables and unknown parameters for real‐time flood forecasting. Applying the Haar wavelet transform alters the state vector and input vector of the state space. In this way, an overall detail plus approximation describes each new state vector and input vector, which allows the WKF to simultaneously estimate and decompose state variables. The wavelet‐based multimodel Kalman filter (WMKF) is a multimodel Kalman filter (MKF), in which the Kalman filter has been substituted for a WKF. The WMKF then obtains M estimated state vectors. Next, the M state‐estimates, each of which is weighted by its possibility that is also determined on‐line, are combined to form an optimal estimate. Validations conducted for the Wu‐Tu watershed, a small watershed in Taiwan, have demonstrated that the method is effective because of the decomposition of wavelet transform, the adaptation of the time‐varying Kalman filter and the characteristics of the multimodel method. Validation results also reveal that the resulting method enhances the accuracy of the runoff prediction of the rainfall–runoff process in the Wu‐Tu watershed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

累加阶层线性模型的长三角地区年降雨量预测

将灰色系统模型与阶层线性模型的思想和方法结合起来,拓展了模型的适用范围,给出了累加阶层线性AMM(1,1)模型,并在结合长三角年降雨量的具体实例时进行了模型改进.对原模型与改进后的AMM(1,1)进行比较,验证了模型的实用性,为降雨量的预测提供了一种新途径.     

基于环流分型的逐时气温预报技术探讨

论文利用2009年1-2月T213模式产品、30年来的常规观测报文以及场区逐时气温记录,综合运用环流分型和Kalman滤波方法,基于逐月环流型的气温增率建立了场区72h逐时气温释用预报模型,并针对场区2009年3-7月各天72h逐时气温进行了具体的预报。结果表明:Kalman滤波算法能够得到较为精确的温度最值预报,通过环流分型得到的逐时气温预报准确率能够达到73.2%,可以作为逐时气温预报一种较好的方法。     

准地转理论基本问题回顾与讨论

准地转理论是大气动力学的中心问题之一,它提供了从大气动力学基本原理入手分析大尺度天气系统演变的方法。准地转理论有助于预报员理解中高纬度大尺度天气系统的三维结构,分析、预报天气系统的发展和移动,因此被称为短期天气预报的理论基础。准地转理论具有完整的理论体系,它包含了较多的基本假定,故容易导致对其中的一些基本问题的理解有混淆。本文从基础的动力学知识出发,对准地转理论的基本概念、基本近似、核心理论及其在实际天气预报过程中的应用作了回顾和讨论。内容包括:准地转运动与准地转近似定义、准地转运动理论的范畴、天气图上的大尺度运动、准地转运动理论与短期天气预报的关系、由斜压二层模式下的准地转理论对高空槽脊和地面气旋发展与移动的判断等。     

北京矿山环境遥感监测与综合评价系统的设计

根据北京市矿产资源开发的实际情况,提出了北京市矿山环境遥感监测与综合评价系统研发的设想。该系统通过将遥感地质调查、矿山环境监测与矿产资源管理进行有效整合,将同一种数据和成果应用到管理的不同方面,充分发挥和提高遥感数据的成果效益和经济效益,服务于多个方面,降低管理成本,并形成整装成果,为矿产资源监督管理提出新的模式,对于政府行使职能、获取适时客观的基础数据、提高监督管理效益和管理质量、及时打击违法开采、维护正常的矿产资源管理秩序和矿区环境的综合整治都具有重要的意义。     

交通仿真软件在地铁工程设计中的应用实例

本文介绍了TransCAD、GTMS、AnyLogic三个仿真软件,以天津地铁6号线初期设计为应用背景,给出在单条地铁线路设计中,客流预测、牵引计算、车站仿真三个环节的应用举例,说明在地铁设计中引入此类软件的实际意义和效益。     

Alaska North Slope regional gas hydrate production modeling forecasts

A series of gas hydrate development scenarios were created to assess the range of outcomes predicted for the possible development of the “Eileen” gas hydrate accumulation, North Slope, Alaska. Production forecasts for the “reference case” were built using the 2002 Mallik production tests, mechanistic simulation, and geologic studies conducted by the US Geological Survey. Three additional scenarios were considered: A “downside-scenario” which fails to identify viable production, an “upside-scenario” describes results that are better than expected. To capture the full range of possible outcomes and balance the downside case, an “extreme upside scenario” assumes each well is exceptionally productive.Starting with a representative type-well simulation forecasts, field development timing is applied and the sum of individual well forecasts creating the field-wide production forecast. This technique is commonly used to schedule large-scale resource plays where drilling schedules are complex and production forecasts must account for many changing parameters. The complementary forecasts of rig count, capital investment, and cash flow can be used in a pre-appraisal assessment of potential commercial viability.Since no significant gas sales are currently possible on the North Slope of Alaska, typical parameters were used to create downside, reference, and upside case forecasts that predict from 0 to 71 BM³ (2.5 tcf) of gas may be produced in 20 years and nearly 283 BM³ (10 tcf) ultimate recovery after 100 years.Outlining a range of possible outcomes enables decision makers to visualize the pace and milestones that will be required to evaluate gas hydrate resource development in the Eileen accumulation. Critical values of peak production rate, time to meaningful production volumes, and investments required to rule out a downside case are provided. Upside cases identify potential if both depressurization and thermal stimulation yield positive results. An “extreme upside” case captures the full potential of unconstrained development with widely spaced wells. The results of this study indicate that recoverable gas hydrate resources may exist in the Eileen accumulation and that it represents a good opportunity for continued research.     

渤黄海潮汐潮流精细化数值模拟及可视化预报系统

利用有限元海洋模式ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation Model),建立了高分辨率的渤黄海二维潮汐潮流数值模型,该模型以M2,S2,K1,O1等8个分潮的水位作为驱动,模拟出了该8个分潮的潮汐潮流调和常数;利用该调和常数预报的潮位和二维平均潮流与实测资料相比,符合较好;利用模拟得到的潮汐潮流调和常...     

浙江海门站风暴潮增水特征及其预报

台州湾地区是浙江省风暴潮灾害重灾区之一,海门站位于浙江台州湾口门处.本文分析1950-2004年间对浙江造成重大影响的台风风暴潮过程,了解海门站台风风暴增水特征,并结合实际预报工作初步探讨海门站风暴潮预报方法和预报着眼点.