Depiction of Wild Food Foraging Practices in the Media: Impact of the Great Recession

The practice of gathering and harvesting wild foods has seen renewed interest in recent decades. In addition to contributing to food security and food sovereignty, foraging plays a role in promoting socioecological resilience and creating communities of belonging. However, foraging is generally prohibited by regulations governing public lands in the United States and elsewhere. The growth in food forests suggests public policymakers and land managers’ may be interested in reconsidering this broad prohibition of foraging but require an information base to do so. While a body of research on foraging exists, news media coverage of foraging represents an additional, readily available source of input. As a consequence, framings of foraging in media coverage likely influence managers’ deliberations on this practice. The current paper uses automated content analysis to understand how the practice of gathering and consuming wild foods is framed in print and digital news media, and how these depictions have varied in a 15-year period that includes the Great Recession. Our results show that prevalent framings of foraging represent it variously as a self-provisioning practice or a source of luxury commodities and experiences, with economic uncertainty appearing to affect the frequency of each framing by news media sources. Given managers’ ease of access to them, these distinct framings may influence future regulatory landscapes of foraging.     

影响坡地降雨产流历时的因子分析

运用小型野外便携式人工模拟降雨装置研究了林地、农地、裸地诸因子（坡度、承雨强度、土壤始含水率、林地植被盖度、枯落层厚度）对产流历时的影响。研究发现,林地影响产流历时的主要因子为承雨强度和植被盖度;农地、裸地则为承雨强度、坡度和土壤初始含水率。建立了不同土地利用方式下影响产流历时的单因子、多因子回归方程。通过方程,由植被盖度、坡度、土壤初始含水率和承雨强度四个易于获得的因子可预测不同土地利用方式下的     

大桥水库地震遥测台网持续时间震级的研制

由于大桥水库地震台网各子台台基和地下结构的特殊性, 造成震级计算上的较大偏差。为此, 利用该台网各子台同一型号地震仪的垂直向速度量记录, 测量了震级为０５ ～５４ 的４６２ 次地震的振动持续时间, 制作了该台网的持续时间震级公式和便查表。在方法上, 不同于通常的按一次或二次曲线的拟合, 而采取计算机自动分段按折线拟合的方法, 以阻尼最小二乘法完成其计算。先进行分台拟合, 比较异同之后, 合并数据再拟合, 最后给出了适宜于鲁坝、瓦吉木两台和大石头、凉风岗、瓦坡支和彝海子４ 个台使用的两套平均持续时间公式和便查表, 以供大桥水库地震台网测震分析使用。     

Sensitivity of the Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration to sunshine duration in the Upper Mekong River Basin

Sensitivity analysis is important in understanding the relationship between sunshine duration (SD) and reference evapotranspiration (ET_ref). This study was developed in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin using a non-dimensional relative sensitivity coefficient (S_N) relating ET_ref to SD. The S_N for January and July for each station were calculated. The results indicate that (a) the SD and S_N change in similar ways, where January and July are selected as two representative time slices; (b) the spatial distributions of the long-term averaged S_N for January and July are the reverse of each other; (c) the most abrupt changes in climate occur in the 1980s and the middle region is sensitive to climate change; and (d) periodicities of 2–4 and 14–16 years are detected in the basin generally. The significant increase of inter-decadal filter variance indicates changes in the long-term memory of the local climate system.

EDITOR Z.W. Kundzewicz

ASSOCIATE EDITOR not assigned     

Influence of earthquake ground‐motion duration on damage estimation: application to steel moment resisting frames

This paper presents an analytical study evaluating the influence of ground motion duration on structural damage of 3‐story, 9‐story, and 20‐story SAC steel moment resisting frame buildings designed for downtown Seattle, WA, USA, using pre‐Northridge codes. Two‐dimensional nonlinear finite element models of the buildings are used to estimate the damage induced by the ground motions. A set of 44 ground motions is used to study the combined effect of spectral acceleration and ground motion significant duration on drift and damage measures. In addition, 10 spectrally equivalent short‐duration shallow crustal ground motions and long‐duration subduction zone records are selected to isolate duration effect and assess its effect on the response. For each ground motion pair, incremental dynamic analyses are performed at at least 20 intensity levels and response measures such as peak interstory drift ratio and energy dissipated are tracked. These response measures are combined into two damage metrics that account for the ductility and energy dissipation. Results indicate that the duration of the ground motion influences, above all, the combined damage measures, although some effect on drift‐based response measures is also observed for larger levels of drift. These results indicate that because the current assessment methodologies do not capture the effects of ground motion duration, both performance‐based and code‐based assessment methodologies should be revised to consider damage measures that are sensitive to duration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

Mediating stream baseflow response to climate change: The role of basin storage

Inter‐basin differences in streamflow response to changes in regional hydroclimatology may reflect variations in storage characteristics that control the retention and release of water inputs. These aspects of storage could mediate a basin's sensitivity to climate change. The hypothesis that temporal trends in stream baseflow exhibit a more muted reaction to changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration for basins with greater storage was tested on the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) in Southern Ontario, Canada. Long‐term (>25 years) baseflow trends for 16 basins were compared to corresponding trends in precipitation amount and type and in potential evapotranspiration as well as shorter trends in groundwater levels for monitoring wells on the ORM. Inter‐basin differences in storage properties were characterized using physiographic, hydrogeologic, land use/land cover, and streamflow metrics. The latter included the slope of the basin's flow duration curve and basin dynamic storage. Most basins showed temporal increases in baseflow, consistent with limited evidence of increases and decreases in regional precipitation and snowfall: precipitation ratio, respectively, and recent increases in groundwater recharge along the crest of the ORM. Baseflow trend magnitude was uncorrelated to basin physiographic, hydrogeologic, land use/land cover, or flow duration curve characteristics. However, it was positively related to a basin's dynamic storage, particularly for basins with limited coverage of open water and wetlands. The dynamic storage approach assumes that a basin behaves as a first‐order dynamical system, and extensive open water and wetland areas in a basin may invalidate this assumption. Previous work suggested that smaller dynamic storage was linked to greater damping of temporal variations in water inputs and reduced interannual variability in streamflow regime. Storage and release of water inputs to a basin may assist in mediating baseflow response to temporal changes in regional hydroclimatology and may partly account for inter‐basin differences in that response. Such storage characteristics should be considered when forecasting the impacts of climate change on regional streamflow.     

2016年8月24日意大利中部MW6.2地震强地面运动特征分析

对意大利国家强震台网在2016年8月24日获得的其中部拉齐奥大区阿库莫利市发生的M_W6.2地震强震动三分向记录进行处理和分析。完成原始数据基线校正、滤波等基本数据处理,回归此次地震动幅值衰减规律,发现其整体与ITA08及BA08的衰减趋势一致,但远场实际值低于预测值,不同场地条件下的衰减特性与ITA10一致,近震源幅值较大,且方向性明显;计算并回归分析几种持时,与全球经验预测方程均基本吻合;比较4个幅值较大的近震源台站的反应谱,发现其明显高于欧洲抗震设计规范中的设计反应谱。结合此次震害特点,该地区在实际建设中仍需提高抗震设防能力,以确保安全性等级。     

Drought parameters in relation to truncation levels

Drought parameters, namely the longest duration, largest severity and the intensity have been calculated in relation to the truncation levels ranging from 0 to −0\5 in the standardized domain for the normal, gamma and log‐normal probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the drought variables. The drought variables taken in the investigation are the annual rainfall and runoff time‐series evolving randomly and obeying the Markovian dependence. The analysis showed that the assumption of independence of the drought duration and intensity works well in deriving the expression for drought severity at various truncation levels. An estimate of drought intensity has been realized from the concept of the truncated normal distribution of the standardized form of the time‐series of drought variables in the normalized domain. Furthermore the non‐normality and the dependence in the time‐series have a significant effect on the drought parameters at the truncation levels under consideration. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于OFA-PP模型的区域最严格水资源管理类型识别与评价

为科学识别云南省16个州市最严格水资源管理区域类型,提出最优觅食算法(OFA)-投影寻踪(PP)识别模型。从最严格水资源管理用水总量控制红线、用水效率控制红线、纳污控制红线3个方面分别构建指标体系和分级标准,利用2015年云南省各州市指标数据及分级标准阈值分别构建基于"三条红线"的投影指标函数,采用OFA分别搜索最优投影向量,并计算各州市综合投影值和各分级标准阈值投影值,利用分级标准阈值投影值对各区域最严格水资源管理类型进行识别。结果表明,OFA-PP识别模型具有较好的识别效果,识别结果可为云南省实行最严格水资源管理制度提供参考。