Soil salinity and sodicity in a shrimp farming coastal area of the Mekong Delta,Vietnam

Soil salinity and sodicity are environmental problems in the shrimp farming areas of the Cai Nuoc district, Ca Mau province, Vietnam. In 2000, farmers in the district switched en masse from rice cropping to shrimp culture. Due to recent failure in shrimp farming, many farmers wish to revert to a rotational system with rice in the wet season and shrimps in the dry season. So far, all their attempts to grow rice have failed. To assess soil salinity and sodicity, 25 boreholes in shrimp ponds were analysed in four consecutive seasons from 2002 to 2004. The results showed that soil salinity was quite serious (mean EC_e 29.25 dS m⁻¹), particularly in the dry season (mean EC_e 33.44 dS m⁻¹). In the wet season, significant amounts of salts still remained in the soil (mean EC_e 24.65 dS m⁻¹) and the highest soil salinity levels were found near the sea. Soil sodicity is also a problem in the district (exchangeable sodium percentage range 9.63–72.07%). Sodicity is mainly a phenomenon of topsoils and of soils near the sea. Both soil salinity and sodicity are regulated by seasonal rainfall patterns. They could together result in disastrous soil degradation in the Cai Nuoc district.     

Impact of Holocene climate change on the prehistoric cultures of Zhejiang region,East China

The temporal-spatial distribution features of prehistoric cultures since the Holocene in Zhejiang region were comparatively analyzed based on GIS spatial analysis. Results show that the prehistoric cultures expanded gradually in this region before 4000 cal. a BP. The notable expansions occurred twice, one in the Majiabang-Hemudu cultural period, the other in the Liangzhu cultural period. Meanwhile, the prehistoric cultures were disseminated from west to east coast along river valleys. After 4000 cal. a BP, as represented by the Maqiao Culture, the distributed area of each prehistoric culture contracted. This is obviously due to the termination of spreading trends to east coast, which was simultaneously accompanied by two different modes of production and economic transitions in the north and south Zhejiang region respectively. The distribution of prehistoric cultures was closely related with Holocene sea-level fluctuations, especially on the banks of Hangzhou Bay, where the distribution changes of prehistoric cultural sites were greatly affected by sea-level changes, with the closest relationships between them. After 7000 cal. a BP, the process of lowered sea-level and regression-epeirogenesis provided wider terrestrial living spaces for prehistoric inhabitants. Based on the comparative analyses of the changes of prehistoric cultures and the environmental evolution information recorded in the Qianmutian subalpine peat of Mt. Tianmu and muddy area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea, it is indicated that the changes of prehistoric cultures were synchronized with environmental changes in Zhejiang region. Before 4000 cal. a BP, the eastward expansion of prehistoric cultures in Zhejiang occurred under the background of the Holocene Optimum, and was the expansion and extension under the joint influences of agricultural civilization and maritime civilization. However, after 4000 cal. a BP, the geographical contraction of prehistoric cultures in Zhejiang occurred under the background of dry-cold climate trend and deterioration of coastal marine environment. It is evidenced from the above fact that the development, expansion and contraction of prehistoric cultures are positively correlated to environmental change. The change of the climatic environment is just the underlying reason for these changes and transitions of production modes and economic forms. Therefore, the climatic environment is the dominant factor of prehistoric culture vicissitudes in Zhejiang region, which has exerted great influence on distribution, dissemination, expansion and transmutation of the culture.     

气候条件对惠安女服饰文化的影响探究

福建惠安女传统服饰文化是国家非物质文化遗产,也是当地极具特色的旅游资源.从服装气候角度,用微气候分析方法,通过研究气候要素与着装厚度之间的定量关系,揭示惠安女服饰文化所蕴含的丰富内涵.独特的气候条件成就奇特的文化,惠安女服饰文化是当地人民适应环境的智慧和坚韧勤劳优良品性的产物,其魅力是奇异外观美及蕴涵品行的完美结合,二...     

抑制螺旋藻胞内核酸酶活性的研究

螺旋藻细胞内较高的胞内核酸酶活性是外源基因转化螺旋藻的主要障碍。以供体质粒pEUTISI为酶消化底物，通过多种方法处理螺旋藻细胞，然后检测其内核酸酶粗提液对pEUTISI的降解作用，结果表明，2mmol/L以上的EDTA处理16h或无Mg^2 螺旋藻培养基培养72h以上，都可使处于对数生长期的螺旋藻胞内核酸酶活性显降低；低于28℃（如24℃）培养也可降低螺旋藻的胞内核酸酶活性。根据实验结果，建议在螺旋藻转化前72h开始低温、无Mg^2 培养，转化前16h提高培养基中EDTA的浓度至2mmol/L，就能获得胞内核酸酶活性极低的受体藻，有利于外源基因的转化。     

海岸带沉积物环境中甲烷代谢茵的富集培养及混合茵群分析

结合Hungate无氧分离技术,对海岸带沉积物中甲烷代谢菌进行了富集培养,分别为珠江口的甲烷产生菌和九龙江口的甲烷氧化菌及其他甲基氧化菌．其研究结果表明：在珠江口淇澳岛海岸带沉积物中,甲烷八叠球菌属（Methanosarcina）为优势菌株,分布于沉积物的上、中、下3个层位,并发现了部分序列与不可培养的泉古菌门（Crcnarchaeota）的杂色泉古菌（miscellaneouscrenarchaeoticgroup,MCG）的相似度为90％～99％．在九龙江口的海岸带沉积物环境中,噬甲基菌属（Methylophaga）为优势菌群,在富集产物菌群多样性中占60％～99％;还有一些相似度较低（为95％～97％）的菌群,为潜在的新种．     

以祠神为纽带和标志的迁移人群的地：方认同和融合——以宁波沿海海神信仰为例

民间信仰祠神是人们内心精神需求的外化,信众群体及相应的社会空间与地方祠神构成了相互依存、相互影响的辩证关系,是以祠神为标志和纽带的地方认同得以培育和维系的基础．本研究将宁波地区鄞县、慈溪、镇海、奉化、象山、定海6县方志中记载的与海洋相关的祠神进行统计,分析海神信仰作为宁波沿海地方标志及其与在区域历史时期社会经济活动和人群融合的关系．本研究认为,民间祠神的“功能”是推动民间祠神传播扩散的主要力量之一,并且是连结迁移人群和本土居民共同心理诉求和维系地方认同的重要纽带．     

THE NATURE‐CULTURE BOUNDARY AND OCEAN POLICY: GREAT BARRIER ISLAND,NEW ZEALAND*

ABSTRACT. This article analyzes New Zealand's rights‐based system of fisheries management from the perspective of local stakeholders on northern Great Barrier Island. The research identified differing perspectives through use of the concept of “boundary construction,” not only in terms of society and nature but also among societal institutions. Great Barrier Island participants exhibited significant differences, especially between staff of the local Department of Conservation and local Maori, both of whom were engaged in negotiating policy implementation at the local level. These differences expressed themselves in conceptions of both societal boundaries—the scale at which community was envisioned—and conceptions of the boundary between nature and culture. The findings confirm the need for the continued development of models of community‐based resource management as well as for the conceptual integration of society and nature in the realm of policy construction.     

乡村人居环境研究进展与展望

乡村人居环境的内涵可分解为人文环境、地域空间环境和自然生态环境,三者之间遵循一定的逻辑关联,共同构成乡村人居环境的内容。国外乡村人居环境研究经历了乡村地理、乡村发展和乡村转型3个阶段,研究趋势也由单一学科向综合学科发展。国内乡村人居环境的研究学科主要有建筑学、地理学和社会政治学等,其中地理学经历了乡村聚落研究、乡村环境研究和乡村文化转型研究3个阶段。该文讨论目前乡村人居环境研究存在的问题,并指出其研究方向。     

名城文化旅游开发的文化生态思考--以梅州市为例

文化旅游是名城旅游开发的核心,名城文化旅游开发中的文化环境问题是普遍存在的问题,以梅州市为例探讨名城文化旅游开发中的文化环境与文化生态.文化环境问题是客家文化旅游开发中存在的主要问题,通过对"客都"的文化内涵及其在环境感应下的客家文化生态特性的分析,提出名城文化生态的旅游开发理念:尊重名城文化生态要求,保护好名城文化生态,以文化生态的旅游开发方式科学展示名城文化.     

对虾细胞培养及对虾病毒体外培养研究进展

随着对虾病毒病研究的不断深入迫切需要建立连续性的对虾细胞系来揭示对虾病毒致病机理等关键问题。文章介绍了用于细胞培养的对虾种类、组织。用于细胞培养的对虾种类包括中国明对虾Fenneropenaeuschinensis、斑节对虾Penaeusmonodon、日本囊对虾Marsupenaeusjaponicus、凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeusvannamei等。用于培养的对虾组织包括甲壳下表皮、心脏、肝胰腺、鳃、肠上皮、淋巴、血淋巴、卵巢、神经、肌肉、造血组织等。同时重点介绍了离散细胞的方法和培养的方式,温度、pH、渗透压的选择,目前对虾细胞培养所用的培养基及促生长添加物,以及如何控制污染。探讨了目前在对虾细胞培养及建系中存在的问题和可能的解决途径,为对虾与其它甲壳类动物细胞培养及细胞系的建立提供参考。此外还介绍了对虾病毒体外培养的研究现状并探讨了可能的解决方案。