The Focal Depth Analysis of the Inner Mongolia-Ningxia Border Area Earthquakes

We selected the 103 M_L≥2. 5 earthquake waveform data from the Inner Mongolia-Ningxia border during 2009-2015,which was recorded by the Inner Mongolia Digital Seismic Networks and used the simplex method, Hyposat method, double difference location method,and deterministic method (PTD) for the determination of focal depth,and compared the results. The CAP moment tensor inversion method is used to determine the focal depths of the Alxa Left Banner M5. 8 and M4. 2 earthquakes. The final results of the focal depth by the deterministic method (PTD) and the double difference location method fit well with the tectonic characteristics of the Inner Mongolia-Ningxia border area,but those of the simplex method and the Hyposat method do not. The average depth of the Inner Mongolia-Ningxia border seismic tectonic zone is 13. 32 ± 8 km.     

基于Pn/Pg相对定位方法研究2017年8月8日九寨沟M7.0地震起始破裂深度

本文利用Pn/Pg相对定位方法,测定了2017年8月8日四川九寨沟M7.0主震及部分余震的起始破裂深度.地震的起始破裂深度是理解地震孕震机理的重要参数,而九寨沟地区台网稀疏,地壳速度结构复杂,基于传统的到时定位方法测定地震起始破裂深度误差较大.Pn/Pg相对定位方法首先基于流动观测近台记录对2017年8月10日M4.1和11月7日M4.5余震震源位置进行测定,选择其为参考事件,再利用Pg校正主震水平位置,Pn约束震源起始深度,基于参考事件可以有效降低速度模型对震源位置测定的影响.结果显示：九寨沟主震起始破裂深度约9 km,早期余震的震源深度分布在7~13 km,主要集中在主震起始破裂深度附近.     

孤立波与升沉水平板相互作用数值模拟研究

合理的刚度和潜深设计可以使升沉水平板获得优异的消浪性能。基于考虑流体黏性的二维不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,以高阶紧致插值CIP(constrained interpolation profile)方法求解方程对流项,采用VOF(volume of fluid)方法重构自由液面,构建二维数值波浪水槽。采用试验数据验证模型后,研究孤立波与升沉水平板相互作用,分析相对刚度K*、相对潜深d/h、相对波高H/h对于升沉板的消浪性能和运动响应的影响,揭示升沉板对孤立波的消浪机理。研究表明:在孤立波通过时,升沉板会经历一个先上升后下降的运动,随后非线性自由振动,板下方水体近似均匀流动,且水流的垂向流动与板的垂荡方向一致;升沉板主要通过不对称涡旋脱落、浅水变形、波浪反射与辐射波转化等方式消耗孤立波能量;一定条件下,采用最优相对刚度K*=4.0和最优相对潜深d/h=0.52可以取得良好的消浪效果,此时透射系数最小,同时升沉板的运动响应在合理的范围内。     

珊瑚岛礁孤立波爬坡的平面二维数值模拟研究

为了探究岛屿周围珊瑚礁在抵御海啸灾害中的作用,采用激波捕捉类Boussinesq模型FUNWAVE-TVD,对孤立波在理想化三维岛礁地形上的传播及爬坡开展了现场尺度的平面二维数值模拟,分析了入射波高、礁坪水深、礁坪宽度、礁前斜坡坡度、礁后斜坡坡度、珊瑚礁糙率对岛屿四周孤立波爬高分布的影响。结果表明,珊瑚礁的存在总体上可有效降低岛屿四周孤立波的最大爬坡高度;入射波高、礁坪水深、礁坪宽度、珊瑚礁糙率是影响珊瑚岛礁四周孤立波爬坡分布的主要因素,岛礁四周最大爬坡高度会随入射波高和礁坪水深的增大、礁坪宽度和珊瑚礁糙率的减小而不断增大;当礁坪水深增大到一定程度时,珊瑚礁主要会对岛屿背浪面的爬高失去影响,而当礁坪宽度和珊瑚礁糙率减小至一定程度时,会出现岛礁四周最大爬高高于无珊瑚礁时爬高的现象;礁后斜坡的变缓会使岛礁周围的最大爬高有所减小,而礁前斜坡坡度对珊瑚岛礁周围的最大爬高几乎没有影响。     

FOCAL FAULTS AND STRESS FIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF M7.0 JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE IN 2017

On August 8, 2017, Beijing time, an earthquake of M7.0 occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, with the epicenter located at 33.20°N 103.82°E. The earthquake caused 25 people dead, 525 people injured, 6 people missing and 170000 people affected. Many houses were damaged to various degrees. Up to October 15, 2017, a total of 7679 aftershocks were recorded, including 2099 earthquakes of M ≥ 1.0. The M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred in the northeastern boundary belt of the Bayan Har block on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where many active faults are developed, including the Tazhong Fault(the eastern segment of the East Kunlun Fault), the Minjiang fault zone, the Xueshan fault zone, the Huya fault zone, the Wenxian fault zone, the Guanggaishan-Daishan Fault, the Bailongjiang Fault, the Longriuba Fault and the Longmenshan Fault. As one of the important passages for the eastward extrusion movement of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(Tapponnier et al., 2001), the East Kunlun fault zone has a crucial influence on the tectonic activities of the northeastern boundary belt of Bayan Kala. Meanwhile, the Coulomb stress, fault strain and other research results show that the eastern boundary of the Bayan Har block still has a high risk of strong earthquakes in the future. So the study of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake' seismogenic faults and stress fields is of great significance for scientific understanding of the seismogenic environment and geodynamics of the eastern boundary of Bayan Har block. In this paper, the epicenter of the main shock and its aftershocks were relocated by the double-difference relocation method and the spatial distribution of the aftershock sequence was obtained. Then we determined the focal mechanism solutions of 24 aftershocks(M ≥ 3.0)by using the CAP algorithm with the waveform records of China Digital Seismic Network. After that, we applied the sliding fitting algorithm to invert the stress field of the earthquake area based on the previous results of the mechanism solutions. Combining with the previous research results of seismogeology in this area, we discussed the seismogenic fault structure and dynamic characteristics of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Our research results indicated that:1)The epicenters of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake sequence distribute along NW-SE in a stripe pattern with a long axis of about 35km and a short axis of about 8km, and with high inclination and dipping to the southwest, the focal depths are mainly concentrated in the range of 2~25km, gradually deepening from northwest to southeast along the fault, but the dip angle does not change remarkably on the whole fault. 2)The focal mechanism solution of the M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake is:strike 151°, dip 69° and rake 12° for nodal plane Ⅰ, and 245°, 78° and -158° for nodal plane Ⅱ, the main shock type is pure strike-slip and the centroid depth of the earthquake is about 5km. Most of the focal mechanism of the aftershock sequence is strike-slip type, which is consistent with the main shock's focal mechanism solution; 3)In the earthquake source area, the principal compressive stress and the principal tensile stress are both near horizontal, and the principal compressive stress is near east-west direction, while the principal tensile stress is near north-south direction. The Jiuzhaigou earthquake is a strike-slip event that occurs under the horizontal compressive stress.     

C-RESPONSES ESTIMATION OF ISOMERIC GEOMAGNETIC DATA IN CHINA

Geomagnetic depth sounding is an effective method for exploring deep structure of the earth. There are dense geomagnetic observatories in China, which lays a foundation to obtain the electrical structure of the transition zone and the upper part of the lower mantle beneath China. However, the corresponding C-responses estimation methods which are applied now cannot get the stable C-responses for many observatories. Thus, a large amount of geomagnetic data is wasted. Therefore, in order to make full use of the geomagnetic data, the estimation of C-responses needs to be systematically studied. Because of the heterogeneous characteristics of the data quality of China's geomagnetic observation data, such as the quality of the data, the length of the record, the types of data(absolute and relative observation)and data discontinuity condition, many geomagnetic data are abandoned, this limits the resolution of mantle electrical structure studies. In this paper, the following techniques are used to improve the stability of the data and increase the number of the available geomagnetic observatories, in the meantime, the stability of the C-responses curves can be effectively improved:1)obtaining the stable spectrums of the different components for each frequency by the BIRRP(Bounded Influence, Remote Reference Processing)software, and using the global smoothing technique to suppress data noise on geomagnetic data; 2)As for the geomagnetic data which only records the relative variation of the D, H and Z components and doesn't have the baseline value, the horizontal component is decomposed by the approximate estimation method to obtain the C-responses of the relative variation data, and then the relative variation data is used directly for the C-responses estimation; 3)the effects of discontinuous data and short-record data on C-responses estimation are discussed. Under normal conditions, the discontinuity of the data has little influence on C-responses, and when the data length is shorter than 5 years, we can hardly get the available C-responses whose periods are longer than 40 days. All these experiments can provide a basis for the data processing of these kinds of observation data; 4)for coastal observatories, the ratio method is used to eliminate the influence of ocean effect on the C-responses functions. After carefully processing the data of more than 100 geomagnetic observatories in China by the above techniques, the stable C-responses function of 42 observatories is finally obtained, among them, the number of the observatories with C-responses ranging from 1.3 to 113.7 days is 24, and the observatories with C-responses ranging from 1.3 to 42.6 days are 18. The techniques of this paper can process heterogeneous data well and obtain more stable C-responses, which provides more basic data for high-resolution geomagnetic depth sounding inversion researches in China.     

2017年8月9日精河MS6.6地震序列震源机制解及震源处应力场特征

基于新疆测震台网的宽频带观测记录,利用CAP方法反演2017年8月9日精河M_S6.6地震及早期14次M_S≥3.0余震的震源机制解,应用MSATSI软件反演震源处应力场。结果表明,此次地震为逆断型,结合震源机制解和附近地质构造背景,推断此次地震的发震构造为库松木契克山前断裂的东段,节面Ⅰ走向89°,倾角43°,滑动角91°为发震断层面。14次余震中有11次为逆断型地震,1次为正断型地震,2次为走滑型地震。P轴在近NS向有明显的优势分布且倾角较小,T轴倾角较陡,表明震源处主要以近NS方向的水平挤压作用为主。反演得到的震源深度分布在12~21 km,深度优势分布为15~20 km,略小于主震的震源深度21 km。应力场的反演结果与震源机制参数统计结果一致,均显示震源处主要受近NS向水平应力场控制。     

盖州震群谱振幅相关系数的研究

利用辽宁省数字地震台网记录的波形数据, 计算了2012年盖州青石岭震群和2014年盖州西海域震群的谱振幅相关系数, 结果显示, 盖州青石岭震群谱振幅相关系数为0.72~0.90, 2016年之后稳定在0.75, 相关系数略低, 震源机制解一致性较低; 盖州西海域震群谱振幅相关系数为0.85~0.99, 2015年之后随着震群活动的减弱谱振幅相关系数稳定在0.85, 相关系数较高, 震源机制解一致性较高。 结合盖州地区视应力水平分析认为, 盖州地区谱振幅相关系数的变化与该地区应力水平的变化存在着一定的相关性。     

多种方法测定广东阳西3.7级地震震源深度

应用CAP和深度震相方法,对2018年3月20日发生在广东阳西的M3.7级地震震源深度进行了测定。首先通过CAP方法反演获得震源机制解,拟合最佳震源深度为12km。然后在震中距100km以内的近台识别出清晰的sPL和PmP、sPmP震相,利用频率-波数(F-K)方法,计算出深度震相在不同深度下的理论地震图,与实际观测波形对比测定震源深度为12km。再利用250~400km震中距范围内台站上识别出的sPn与Pn震相的走时差,测得震源深度12.6km。多种方法的研究结果一致,表明该地震震源深度为12km比较可靠。     

2017年9月临城震群遗漏地震检测及发震构造初探

以河北测震台网记录的连续波形数据为基础,采用模板匹配滤波方法,检测2017年9月4日—6日河北临城震群遗漏地震。利用波形互相关扫描,检测到19次被测震台网常规分析遗漏的地震,震级范围为M_(L )0.0—1.2,并标定新检测地震事件的P波和S波到时,估计其震中位置及震级。通过地震精定位和最大地震震源机制解,认为此次临城地震序列的主要发震构造应为近EW向活动断层。