随钻测量电磁传输信道研究

文中讨论了地球物理勘探中的随钻测量电磁传输信道激励方式及物理模型；应用改进的等效传输线法与电极法,研究了影响地面电极检测电压的信道参数,给出了随钻电磁信道最人可测深度与地层电阻率、工作频率及井场干扰噪声的关系.与实测数据比较表明,所用理论模型能较好地预测随钻电磁信道的主要特性.     

确定震源深度的PTD方法及其应用

根据对不同台站间初至到时作变换后的时差来计算地震的深度，利用该方法计算了华东地区１８２￣１９９２年底能定出深度的地震，并作了相应的误差分析，按中国分区速度结构，编制出各区的深度－走时差表，并举例说明该表的用法。     

宜宾,沐川4次5级地震前后的地震活动特征

1993年至1996年四川宜宾、沐川地区发生了4次5级地震。给出了这4次5级地震的基本参数，震源机制解和地震活动性分析结果。4次5级地震前的小震活动特征表现为成团成丛，震群活动，频度变化和低b值异常等，但异常出现情况在4次5级地震前有明显差异。4次5级地震的余震分布区较窄。计算了4次5级地震的10种序列参数．并与1970年至1973年马边、雷波地震序列参数类比，出现明显异常的均在震群序列的首进序列中表现显著．有一定的震兆意义。最后对四川盆地南缘附近地区未来地震势态进行了初步推论。     

EFFECT OF DUNE MIGRATION ON SCOUR AT BRIDGE PIERS

This paper examines the effect of dune migration on local scour around bridge piers. Experiments show that local scour depths fluctuate in response to the translation of dunes past the scour hole. The scour depths measured in a model study conducted in live-bed conditions contain both scour due to the pier and that due to dunes. The con' tribution from scour due to the dunes may form a significant fraction of the total scour depth measured in model investigations. Therefore, it is imperative to separate these two components of scour for analysis and comparison. The study proposes that an equilibrium or time-average scour depth normalized using pier diameter be used for analysis, and the contribution from dunes to the total scour depth be added independently. Dune size, in the absence of field or measured data, may be estimated using published predictive curves. Comparisons between computed and measured scour depths show a good correlation, and 90% of all the data tested fall within a scatter of 15%.     

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND FRACTAL STRUCTURE OF AE FOCUSES OF INADA GRANITE UNDER TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION

An experimental study on the spatial distribution of the focuses of acoustic emissions of Inada granite (coarse grained granodiorite) under triaxial compression is reported in this paper. It is pointed out that AE locations is fractal with a dimension of 2.2 in average, lower than the result of Oshima granite (fine grained granodiorite), which is 2.7, under similar deformation condition. For Inada granite a band-limited fractal had been observed. Fractal dimension changed around grai     

Comparison of the results obtained from different techniques such as overcoring, hydrofracturing, breakouts and focal mechanism solutions

In China, a lot of data derived from focal mechanism solutions, and especially, from overcoring and hydrofracturing stress measurements, as well as borehole breakouts carried out for various aims have contributed to understanding of the state of the crustal stress. We conducted everin situ stress measurements in a borehole with different methods, for the sake of comparison of various measuring techniques. Furthermore, we carried out measurements in different borehole with one or two kinds of techniques. All the observations taken out in these ways showed little variations. So we believe that the data obtained by the techniques can be used to study the tectonic stress field of certain region and thein situ state of the crustal stress. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 149–155, 1992.     

On the use of the autocorrelation method for estimating the depth to the magnetic basement

The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4.     

The Romanian earthquake of August 30, 1986: A study based on GEOSCOPE very long-period and broadband data

The Romanian earthquake of August 30, 1986 is the second largest intermediate depth event in this area since the worldwide deployment of digital instrumentation, and the first one since the installation of GEOSCOPE network. It offers the unique opportunity to document this well-known but poorly understood zone of deep continental seismicity using high quality teleseismic data in different frequency bands. The source is well constrained both from very-long period surface wave data observed on GEOSCOPE stations and, independently, from body wave modelling at various worldwide stations. The depth obtained is approximately 140 kilometers, the seismic moment, 0.8 10²⁷ dyne-cm and the mechanism from both data sets is very similar to that of the previous 1940 and 1977 Vancrea events, indicating that these events, although having occurred at noticeably different depths, are expressions of the same tectonic process. However, from the detailed study of the source using broadband data, it can be inferred that the source presents much less complexity than the 1977 event.     

Seismicity induced by gas production: I. Correlation of focal mechanisms and dome structure

From August 1976 to June 1979, more than 220 seismic events were recorded by a 7-station network operating over an active gas field in France. 120 earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 1.0 were selected for a detailed study in order to understand the seismic response to a decrease in the gas reservoir pressure of 50 MPa. Composite focal mechanisms were determined for these events. We found that where preexisting fractures were known from well-logs, faults with the most favorable orientation were reactivated. In the part of the gas field where no preexisting faults were known, orientation of the fracture planes was close to the orientations of stratigraphic interfaces.Our kinematic model, constrained by the distribution of the earthquakes and their focal mechanisms, consists of the downward dropping of a block located close to the top of the gas field. The main faults, as defined by the spatial density of the seismic activity, define the limits of this block. The displacements observed along these faults can be either normal or reverse mechanism, dependent on the preexisting orientation of each fault. Another important result is the evidence that the depletion of the gas reservoir exerts the major influence on local seismic displacements, obscuring the effect of regional setting.