山东及邻区地震重新定位及其与活动构造的关系

Earthquakes taking place from 1975 to 2010 in and around Shandong Province are relocated using double-difference （HypoDD） and Hypoinvers 2000 （Hypo2000） methods, after correction of the onset times of seismic phases. The results show that the relocated seismicity is clearly associated with regional tectonics in space, and is also in agreement with the existence of deep faults imaged by wide-angle and deep seismic reflection profiling ; most of the focal depths are in the range of 5 - 25km, and there are clearly two predominant depths： 10km and 16km, which are inferred to be on the bottom of the upper crust and in the middle crust, respectively. The pattern of seismic activity indicates that moderate and strong earthquakes are likely to occur in the brittle-ductile transition zone between the upper and the lower crust, as the outcome of the deep tectonic dynamic process and the movement and deformation of faults in the upper and shallow crust under the regional stress field.     

USE OF SEISMIC WAVEFORMS AND INSAR DATA FOR DETERMINATION OF THE SEISMOTECTONICS OF THE MAINLING MS6.9 EARTHQUAKE ON NOV.18, 2017

On November 18, 2017, a M_S6.9 earthquake struck Mainling County, Tibet, with a depth of 10km. The earthquake occurred at the eastern Himalaya syntaxis. The Namche Barwan moved northward relative to the Himalayan terrane and was subducted deeply beneath the Lhasa terrane, forming the eastern syntaxis after the collision of the Indian plate and Asian plates. Firstly, this paper uses the far and near field broadband seismic waveform for joint inversion (CAPJoint method)of the earthquake focal mechanism. Two groups of nodal planes are obtained after 1000 times Bootstrap test. The strike, dip and rake of the best solution are calculated to be 302°, 76° and 84° (the nodal plane Ⅰ)and 138°, 27° and 104° (the nodal plane Ⅱ), respectively. This event was captured by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)measurements from the Sentinel-1A radar satellite, which provide the opportunity to determine the fault plane, as well as the co-seismic slip distribution, and assess the seismic hazards. The overall trend of the deformation field revealed by InSAR is consistent with the GPS displacement field released by the Gan Wei-Jun's team. Geodesy (InSAR and GPS)observation of the earthquake deformation field shows the northeastern side of the epicenter uplifting and the southwestern side sinking. According to geodetic measurements and the thrust characteristics of fault deformation field, we speculate that the nodal plane Ⅰ is the true rupture plane. Secondly, based on the focal mechanism, we use InSAR data as the constraint to invert for the fine slip distribution on the fault plane. Our best model suggests that the seismogenic fault is a NW-SE striking thrust fault with a high angle. Combined with the slip distribution and aftershocks, we suggest that the earthquake is a high-angle thrust event, which is caused by the NE-dipping thrust beneath the Namche Barwa syntaxis subducted deeply beneath the Lhasa terrane.     

刚性桩复合地基中性面深度与桩土应力比计算

刚性桩复合地基中性面深度及桩土应力比的简化计算主要基于桩侧摩阻力线性分布假设,当桩身较长时,桩端侧摩阻力的计算值会远大于实际值,致使中性面深度及桩土应力比的计算结果与实际差别较大,故有必要对线性分布模式予以修正。据此将桩侧摩阻力分布简化为分段线性模式,考虑负摩阻力作用及桩上、下刺入变形,根据褥垫层-桩-土变形协调关系推导了刚性桩复合地基中性面深度、桩顶面桩土应力比、中性面桩土应力比计算公式。最后通过模型试验与工程实例验证,计算值与实测值吻合较好。     

基于模型约束的Kirchhoff积分法叠前深度成像

与时间域偏移方法比较,叠前深度偏移成像方法能够适应剧烈横向速度变化、陡倾角反射的地震资料。本文通过研究Kirchhoff叠前深度偏移方法成像原理,首先建立初始速度模型;然后在初始速度模型中加入了目标地质体--盐丘作为层位,对初始速度模型进行优化,在层位的约束下通过多次迭代计算,对优化前后的两个速度模型求取旅行时差更新初始速度模型;最后利用更新后的初始速度模型进行Kirchhoff积分法叠前成像。叠前时间偏移和模型约束下的Kirchhoff积分法叠前深度偏移成像结果显示,后者成像具有更高的信噪比和分辨率。     

Research on the fault controlling mechanism of geothermal water in Zhangzhou Basin

Fault has an important influence on the storage and movement of geothermal water. The Zhangzhou Basin is wholly located in a granodiorite rock mass. Due to the low permeability of granodiorite, faulted structure has an evident control action on the hydrothermal activity of geothermal fields. Hot springs in Zhangzhou Basin crack along Pingtan-Dongshan Fault to the northeastern direction and emerge along Fu’an-Nanjing Fault. Through measurement of the temperature of several hot springs in the Basin, we found the temperature along the northwestern direction of Zhangzhou-Tianbao Fault is high and the temperature gap between the two sides of Yangxi-Yuanshan Fault is huge; the estimation of geothermal reservoir temperature of geothermal water through quartz geothermometer indicates that the geothermal reservoir temperature of the northern area of Nanjing-Xiamen Fault is obviously higher than that of southern area. Such result indicates that Fault obviously obstructs underground heat source. Under the condition that the average geothermal gradient of the Zhangzhou Basin is set, the circulation depth of the geothermal water of the Zhangzhou Basin measured by geothermal reservoir temperature is 3 550-5 200 m and the circulation depth of the geothermal water of the north of Nanjing-Xiamen Fault is deeper than that of the South.     

角度域剩余深度对剩余速度的敏感性分析

本文针对地震勘探深度域偏移速度建模研究,利用角度域共成像点道集(ADCIGS)建立了以剩余速度为自变量,剩余深度为目标函数的关系式,及目标函数的梯度公式.利用导出的两个公式分别对剩余深度与剩余速度的关系进行了定量分析.通过理论分析和模型试算证明初始速度模型的误差具有方向敏感性,即正误差较负误差对速度建模迭代收敛更敏感.利用此结论进行深度域速度建模既可以提高计算效率也可以提高建模精度.     

2015年4月25日尼泊尔MW7.9地震的震源机制

<正>据中国地震台网测定,北京时间2015年4月25日14时11分尼泊尔发生MW7.9(MS8.1)强烈地震,震中位置为(28.2°N、84.7°E),震源深度为20km.这次地震位于尼泊尔首都西北部,距加德满都大约80km.截至2015年5月13日,该地震已造成8 219人死亡,17 866人受伤,尼泊尔、印度、孟加拉、不丹和我国西藏等地均有人员伤亡.为增进对尼泊尔MW7.9发震机制的认识,并对震害评估、震后趋势判定     

2014年秭归M_S4.5和M_S4.9地震震源与发震构造特征

2014年3月27日和30日湖北秭归县发生了三峡水库蓄水以来该地区最大的2次地震,文中通过多种方法分析了2次地震的震源与发震构造特征。采用Kiwi方法反演2次地震的矩张量解,该方法中使用了湖北和重庆测震台网14个宽频带波形记录和6层地壳速度结构模型,反演结果显示,2次地震观测谱和波形与理论谱和波形拟合得比较好,非拟合误差数0.57,表明反演结果是可靠的。2次地震均为走滑兼少量逆冲错动,但前一地震为左旋走滑,后一地震为右旋走滑,矩张量解中DC成分偏少而ISO成分多可能是库水对地下介质物性影响的反映。同时也使用三峡台网15个子台记录的波形资料,采用双差定位法重新精定位了从3月27日至4月27日时段内超过500次地震序列事件,结果显示余震序列分布方向为NNW向和NE向,但主要集中在NE向,并分别沿NNW和NE向作了深度剖面,剖面显示震源深度为4.5~10.0km,余震在深部呈现2个较明显的断面,与震源机制解NE向节面产状一致。野外现场宏观烈度调查指出,Ⅴ度极震区等震线为一椭圆,长轴NWW向,短轴NE向,结合野外现场考察结果和震源区地质构造背景,综合推断仙女山断裂北端的NE向破裂面为2次地震的发震断面,余震序列的NE和NNW向分布、剖面上发震层的形态和深度特征表明,这次地震活动受到了仙女山断裂和九畹溪断裂活动的控制与影响。     

中国天山西部山区森林积雪消融过程观测分析——以巩乃斯河谷为例

通过对2013年春季中国科学院天山积雪与雪崩研究站区内阳坡无林地和阴坡不同开阔度森林内积雪深度、融雪速率以及常规气象的观测,分析了融雪期不同开阔度森林积雪的消融过程以及积雪表面能量平衡特征。结果表明:不同开阔度林冠下积雪深度具有相同的变化趋势,森林的林冠开阔度越大,林下积雪深度越大,林下积雪开始消融和完全消融的时间越晚,消融期也越长。森林积雪融雪开始和结束时间比阳坡无林地区晚20~30 d左右。融雪前期林冠开阔度越大,其林下融雪速率越小。融雪后期则森林开阔度越大,森林积雪的融雪速率越大。不同时期由于不同开阔度林冠下雪面能量收支以及雪层深度等物理特性的差异,从而使不同开阔度林冠下森林积雪融雪速率的相对大小,融雪速率最大值出现时间和日变化特征均不相同。晴天森林积雪的消融速率和日变化特征取决于净短波辐射和长波辐射变化特征。降水期间,其融雪速率的变化则主要受降水形式、降水量以及积雪深度等雪层特性的影响。     

2014年阿拉善块体西缘两次中强地震震源机制解

2014年2月12日新疆于田发生了MS7.3地震,之后在阿拉善块体西缘相继发生了蒙古4.9级、新疆哈密5.1级地震。利用甘肃"十五"数字地震台网的波形资料,采用CAP方法反演这两次地震的震源机制解。结果显示蒙古4.9级地震为走滑型,而新疆哈密5.1级属于逆冲型,表明青藏块体与阿拉善块体之间的作用增强引发了这两次地震活动。