Po法找矿中几个问题的探讨

本文在大量实验和实践工作的基础上,对钋法找矿探测深度、钋室内分析流程(简称流程)的一些影响因素及土样化学成分对流程的影响等问题进行讨论。同时,对钋法找矿中采用归一化流程的可行性、必要性进行了论述。因而本文对钋法找矿工作的开展有一定的实际参考价值。     

中国遥感卫星辐射校正场气溶胶光学特性观测研究

1999年6月28日~7月19日在敦煌场, 7月25日~7月31日在青海湖水面场进行了一次大规模综合野外测量试验, 其中采用3台先进的法国CIMEL太阳辐射计对两个场地大气光学特性进行了系统全面测量, 获得大量晴空天气条件下的大气光学数据。利用Langley法处理气溶胶通道数据得到气溶胶光学厚度及其光谱变化。测量结果显示550 nm波长平均气溶胶光学厚度分别为0.12、0.18, 由气溶胶光学厚度的波长变化得到气溶胶Junge参数分别为2.6、3.0, 并与几种典型气溶胶类型比较。结果表明两地在晴空天气里, 气溶胶含量较小, 符合遥感卫星传感器辐射定标的大气条件。     

高密度电阻率法在东安金矿床勘探中的应用

本文论述了高密度电阻率法在逊克县东安岩金矿床勘探中的应用效果;阐明了该方法在地质勘查中解决高阻脉状金矿体产状及埋深的技术手段.     

A conjugate strike-slip fault system within the extensional tectonics of Western Turkey

Three main shocks M-1, M-2 and M-3 (17 October 2005 at 05:45 UTC, M _w 5.4; 17 October at 09:46 UTC, M _w 5.8 and 20 October at 21:40 UTC, M _w 5.9) and their associated aftershocks within the Gulf of S i ğac i k, 50 km southwest of Izmir, Turkey were studied in detail. A temporary seismic network deployed during the activity allowed the hypocentre of M-3 and subsequent aftershocks to be determined with high accuracy. A relative relocation technique was used to improve the epicentres of M-1 and M-2. All three main shocks have strike-slip mechanisms which agree with the linear trends of the aftershock locations. Two distinct zones were illuminated by the aftershock locations. The zones contain clear echelon patterns with slightly different orientations from the trend of the aftershock distribution. M-2 and M-3 ruptured along of the eastern rupture zone which aligns N45°E. However the strike direction of M-1 is not clearly identified. The alignment of the two rupture zones intersect at their southern terminus at an angle of 90°. The fault zones form conjugate pair system and static triggering is considered as a probable mechanism for the sequential west to east occurrence of M-1, M-2 and M-3. This earthquake sequence provides seismological evidence for conjugate strike-slip faulting co-existing within a region dominated by north–south extension and well-developed east–west trending normal faults.     

2-D Crustal thermal structure along Thuadara-Sindad DSS profile across Narmada-Son lineament,central India

Central India is traversed by a WSW-ENE trending Narmada-Son lineament (NSL) which is characterized by the presence of numerous hot springs, feeder dykes for Deccan Traps and seismicity all along its length. It is divided in two parts by the Barwani-Sukta Fault (BSF). To the west of this fault a graben exists, whereas to the east the basement is uplifted between Narmada North Fault (NNF) and Narmada South Fault (NSF). The present work deals with the 2-D thermal modeling to delineate the crustal thermal structure of the western part of NSL region along the Thuadara-Sindad Deep Seismic Sounding (DSS) profile which runs almost in the N-S direction across the NSL. Numerical results of the model reveal that the conductive surface heat flow value in the region under consideration varies between 45 and 47mW/m². Out of which 23mW/m² is the contribution from the mantle heat flow and the remaining from within the crust. The Curie depth is found to vary between 46 and 47 km and is in close agreement with the earlier reported Curie depth estimated from the analysis of MAGSAT data. The Moho temperature varies between 470 and 500°C. This study suggests that this western part of central Indian region is characterized by low mantle heat flow which in turn makes the lower crust brittle and amenable to the occurrence of deep focused earthquakes such as Satpura (1938) earthquake.     

Earthquakes in Switzerland and surrounding regions during 2006

This report of the Swiss Seismological Service summarizes the seismic activity in Switzerland and surrounding regions during 2006. During this period, 572 earthquakes and 91 quarry blasts were detected and located in the region under consideration. Of these earthquakes, two occurred in conjunction with the construction of the new Gotthard railway tunnel and 165 were induced artificially by the stimulation of a proposed geothermal reservoir beneath the city of Basel. With 20 events with M _L ≥ 2.5, five of which were artificially induced, the seismic activity in the year 2006 was far below the average over the previous 31 years. Nevertheless, six events were felt by the public, most prominently the strongest of the induced Basel events (M _L 3.4), which caused some non-structural building damage. Noteworthy are also the two earthquakes near Cortaillod (M _L 3.2), on the shore of Lake Neuchatel, and in Val Mora (M _L 3.5), between the Engadin and Val Müstair, as well as the 42 aftershocks of the M _L 4.9 Vallorcine earthquake, between Martigny and Chamonix, of September 2005. Editorial handling: Stefan Bucher     

The light transmission and seiche depth of Izmir Bay,western Turkey

Izmir Bay is one of the most polluted estuaries in the whole Mediterranean Sea. The inner part of the Bay (Inner Bay) is heavily affected by domestic and industrial discharge. As a result of these loads, strong eutrophication occurs in the Inner Bay, which is temporally anaerobic. The ecologically sensitive approach of the local authorities during the last decade has given rise to a wide variety of monitoring and research studies on this bay. On the other hand, the municipality of Izmir started to operate wastewater treatment facilities since January 2000. The Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology — Izmir (IMST) with its research vessel R/V K Piri Reis has been conducting an intensive monitoring program since 1988 and especially during the recent few years. These investigations provide an opportunity for the evaluation of the performance of the wastewater treatment plant in terms of the change in the optical properties of Izmir Bay water in a positive manner. The turbidity values measured in these monitoring studies indicate that the values have changed drastically after January 2000. Their spatial variation indicates that the values decrease from the Inner Bay towards the Aegean Sea. The turbidity (light transmission) values are measured with an automatic CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth) system during each cruise. The seiche disc depth measurement is carried out only occasionally. The accuracy of the seiche disc depth is dependent on certain daylight conditions and depends on the operator. The seiche disc depth (D _s) is an important parameter to estimate primary production of organic matter (hereafter called production). A relation between light transmission (turbidity) value and seiche disc depth (D _s) is found with very good agreement. The correlations are very high (approximately 0.94) with slight seasonal variation.     

隆冬异常升温北疆积雪提前融化

2007年1月下旬中期开始,新疆北部地区出现了一次异常的升温天气过程,1月27日~2月4日的9d中,北疆各地的43个气象站中,有14站的日最高气温突破同期历史极值,其中伊犁河谷的新源的日最高气温上升到13.3℃,突破同期历史极值3.0℃;有19站的9天平均气温突破同期历史极值,占总站数的44.2%。1月下旬本是新疆北部的积雪稳定积累期,但是2007年元月下旬异常升温天气的出现和持续,使北疆地区积雪提前融化,到2月初,北疆的博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、伊犁地区、乌鲁木齐市等地的积雪面积明显减少,乌鲁木齐地区的积雪覆盖度仅为25.84%,比15年同期平均值偏少5成。冬季是新疆增温幅度最大的季节,在气候变暖背景下,冬季极端天气气候事件的出现也越来越频繁,隆冬季节的异常升温造成气温偏高,使北疆地区的积雪提前融化。这些变化将对新疆水资源的时空分布产生重大影响,对当地生态环境将带来难以估测的影响。在全球气候变化背景下,更加需要加强对新疆等干旱地区极端天气气候事件的监测分析及其对生态环境、经济社会发展的影响等诸多领域的研究,使社会各界以积极的态度来科学客观地认识气候变化带来的后果,及早提出应对区域气候变化的对策,采取切实可行的措施减缓气候变化带来的负面影响。     

A new analytical solution estimating the flexural rigidity in the Central Andes

We present a new 2-D analytical solution of the fourth-order differential equation, which describes the flexure of a thin elastic plate.
The new analytical solution allows the differential equation for an elastic plate to be solved for any irregular shaped topography with a high spatial resolution. We apply the new method to the Central Andes. The flexural rigidity distribution calculated by this technique correlates well with tectonic units and the location of fault zones, for example, the Central Andean Gravity High correlates with the presence of a rigid, high-density body.     

Focal mechanisms of recent earthquakes in the Southern Korean Peninsula

We evaluate the stress field in and around the southern Korean Peninsula with focal mechanism solutions, using the data collected from 71 earthquakes ( M_L = 1.9–5.2) between 1999 and 2004. For this, the hypocentres were relocated and well-constrained fault plane solutions were obtained from the data set of 1270 clear P -wave polarities and 46 SH / P amplitude ratios. The focal mechanism solutions indicate that the prevailing faulting types in South Korea are strike-slip-dominant-oblique-slip faultings with minor reverse-slip component. The maximum principal stresses (σ₁) estimated from fault-slip inversion analysis of the focal mechanism solutions show a similar orientation with E–W trend (269°–275°) and low-angle plunge (10°–25°) for all tectonic provinces in South Korea, consistent with the E–W trending maximum horizontal stress (σ_Hmax) of the Amurian microplate reported from in situ stress measurements and earthquake focal mechanisms. The directions of the intermediate (σ₂) and minimum (σ₃) principal stresses of the Gyeongsang Basin are, however, about 90 deg off from those of the other tectonic provinces on a common σ₂–σ₃ plane, suggesting a permutation of σ₂ and σ₃. Our results incorporated with those from the kinematic studies of the Quaternary faults imply that NNW- to NE-striking faults (dextral strike-slip or oblique-slip with a reverse-slip component) are highly likely to generate earthquakes in South Korea.