聚合物后续水驱阶段剩余油挖潜技术

后续水驱阶段是聚合物驱的一个重要阶段，加强剩余油分布的研究，找准潜力所在，以便制定相应调整对策，控制含水上升速度，发挥后续水驱阶段聚合物的增油作用。通过分析该区块的地质及开发特点，发现聚合物驱后剩余油分布在断层遮挡区域、前缘席状砂相、井网不完善区域、中低渗透层段。提出了对高渗透层进行深度调剖、对窜流层进行封堵、及时进行细分注水和合理调整注采比、在剩拿油富集区布新井和过路井补孔等针对性的挖潜措施，现场实施效果良好。     

The Effectiveness of Flood Damage Reduction Measures in the Montreal Region

The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of two flood damage reduction measures – designation and dyking of floodplains. The study was carried out in four Quebec municipalities located on the shores of Lac des Deux-Montagnes and Riviére des Mille-Iles, namely Sainte-Marthe-sur-le-Lac, Saint-Eustache, Rosemére and Bois-des-Filion. Criteria for selecting the study areas were: area of the flood-risk zone, presence or absence of dykes, presence or absence of buildings, and availability of data. The study areas were selected with the help of flood risk maps of the Greater Montreal region. In each area, information on the number of buildings and their economic value was taken from the municipality's property assessment database. Trends in the occupancy and value of floodplains were identified and compared. The results of the study show that, as in other regions of Canada, flood damage reduction measures based on designation and mapping of floodplains have had no impact on occupancy, have failed to reduce flood damages, and have not even halted increases in such damages.     

Flooding in the Red River Basin – Lessons from Post Flood Activities

Flood of 1997 affected a large number of residents in the Red River Basin. Life disruption, economic damage, lengthy recovery process, physical and emotional trauma motivated a number of main initiatives to improve the level of preparedness in case of future floods. This review will focus on the involvement of the International Joint Commission (IJC). Personal experience is used in this review to emphasize a number of important lessons, of special relevance to Canadian portion of the basin, from the post flood activities. Level of preparedness for, and potential damage from future floods will benefit from focusing very serious effort on the improvement of the Canadian database, exchange of data with the U.S. and standardization of data collection, exchange and use. Tools for sustainable floodplain management are improving. However, the Red River Basin with its characteristics requires a special set of sophisticated tools that will enhance flood flow forecasting, planning of new flood control measures (structural and non-structural) and emergency operations of existing flood protection system. City of Winnipeg, being the largest population centre in the basin deserves a special attention. Additional protection of 670,000 people is required that will take into consideration temporal and spatial distribution of economic and social costs and benefits.     

长江大通-河口段枯季的径流量变化

通过实地调查和收集长江下游1950－2000年水文、水利工程资料，建立了长江大通以下枯季径流量变化地理信息系统，分析了影响长江大通水文站以下径流量变化的水文过程，探索了这一区间枯季径流量变化的成因与过程。调查研究表明，截止2000年大通以下各类抽引水工程的总数已达64个，抽引水能力达到了4626m^3/s（潮周期内平均轴引水流量）。实际抽引水量呈现很大的年、季波动，这与本区气候干旱情况、农作物生长期、跨流域调水量等多种因素有关。研究表明：大通－河口段沿江两岸大量的抽引水已成为影响长江大通以下枯季入海流量变化的最重要的因素。本文在过去实际抽引江水资料的基础上，估算了过去不同水文、气候背景下长江大通以下枯季径流量的变化幅度及其对入海流量的影响，并利用实际数据进行了验证。在此基础上，探讨了未来长江大通以下枯季的径流量变化趋势。     

由实测暴雨推求设计洪水方法的探讨

基于南方湿润地区洪水由暴雨形成的特点，可根据实测暴雨资料分析流域代表性产、汇流参数，将历年最大面暴雨系列转换为对应的洪水系列，并由该洪水系列作为样本来计算洪水统计参数。实例分析结果表明，与实测洪水计算结果相近，该方法不但克服了山区河流雨洪同频率的假定，而且还为研究暴雨形成洪水的产、汇流机制，创造了一定的条件。     

防洪大堤施工变形监测问题分析

在软土地区进行防洪大堤的施工，有必要通过变形监测、变形分析和变形预报来指导施工，主要对大堤施工期的变形监测问题，如监测基准，监测方法与精度，变形分析与预报等进行分析。     

旱涝指数的研究

提出了一种新的区域旱涝指数及其旱涝标准的划分方法，并运用该指数对近50a（1951－2000年）来华北地区夏季旱涝进行了分析，通过与其他旱涝指数的比较分析，发现该指数能较合适地反映区域旱涝的程度和范围，且划分旱涝的标准较客观，具有一定的普适性。     

新疆北部雨季降水对ENSO的响应

分析研究了新疆北部地区近50年（1951－2000年）全年各月降水的气候分布特征和各季降水的年际变化规律，重点揭示了北疆多雨季节（4－7月）及各月降水量对赤道东太平洋的海温SST和南方涛动指数SOI的显著响应关系，并用前期SST和SOI作为预报因子，建立了北疆地区雨季降水量的预报方程，该方程对北疆地区雨季降水量的长期预报有重要的应用价值。     

Cretaceous volcanic rocks of the South Tethyan suture zone, Pakistan: implications for the Réunion hotspot and Deccan Traps

The location, ages, and geochemical characteristics of marine volcanic rocks preserved in the South Tethyan suture zone of Pakistan suggest that the Réunion hotspot was active off northwestern Greater India well before the emplacement, far to the south, of the Deccan flood basalts, the great bulk of which were erupted at 65-66 Ma and are widely believed to be associated with the hotspot’s plume-head phase. Most of the suture zone samples have Nd-Pb-Sr isotopic ratios (e.g. age-corrected ?_Nd(t)=+3.0 to +4.6) close to those expected for modern-type Réunion source mantle in the Late Cretaceous, and their incompatible element patterns resemble those of recent Réunion shield lavas. ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar incremental heating yields ages of 73.4-72.0 Ma. Nevertheless, unless even older ages are discovered among the suture zone rocks, a pre-Deccan marine phase of Réunion hotspot activity on the Tethyan side of Greater India can be accommodated within the framework of the plume-head model.     

自适应BP算法及其在河道洪水预报上的应用

提出一种改进的BP算法,即自适应BP算法。该方法采用两种策略:一是在权重修改公式中加动量项;二是学习率随总误差的变化作自适应调整,亦即总误差增加时,学习率将减小,反之学习率增大。以上两种策略能有效的抑制网络陷于局部极小并缩短了学习时间。实例研究表明,该算法用于河道洪水的预报,能取得令人满意的结果。