A comparison of model calculations and measurements of acetone in the troposphere and stratosphere

We present 1-D eddy diffusion model calculations of the distributions of propane and acetone in the atmosphere for continental conditions. The magnitude of the surface seasonal variation in propane mixing ratios that we obtain is in general agreement with measurements at the surface and in the free troposphere. A comparison of the absolute values of the model with propane measurements suggests that a larger surface flux than we have used may be more appropriate for continental conditions. The acetone model results for summer conditions that we obtain are also in reasonable accord with measurements. However, we find serious disagreement between the model winter profiles of acetone and the measurements at the tropopause and in the lower stratosphere. The measured values are lower than the model values at 45° N by a factor of 7–30. In addition, it is also surprising that, given the relatively long lifetime of acetone, free tropospheric values of acetone more representative of surface values have not been measured. The results simulating the decay of elevated levels of propane in the upper troposphere caused by rapid convective transport of boundary layer air indicate that propane will be primarily dispersed by transport rather than destroyed photochemically. Thus, the impact on acetone and PAN is minimal.     

Chemostratigraphy of Flood Basalts in the Garze-Litang Region and Zongza Block: Implications for Western Extension of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China

The Late Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP) is commonly regarded as being located in the western part of the Yangtze craton, SW China, with an asymmetrical shape and a small area. This area, however, is just a maximum estimation because some parts of the ELIP were not recognized or dismembered and destroyed during the Triassic to Cenozoic tectonism. In this paper, the chemostratigraphical data of the Zongza block, the Garze-Litang belt and the Songpan-Garze block suggest that the Late Permian basalts in these areas have remarkable similarities to the ELIP basalts in petrography and geochemistry. Flood basalts in the Sanjiangkou area are composed of the lower part of the low-Ti (LT) tholeiite and the upper part of the high-Ti (HT) tholeiite, which is the same as the flood basalts on the western margin of the Yangtze craton. Flood basalts in the Zongza and Songpan-Garze areas, which are far from the Yangtze craton, consist of HT tholeiite only. This is the same as the flood basalts within the Y     

Storm Surges from Extra-Tropical Cyclones

The possible influence of climate change on the tracks of the extra-tropical cyclones as well as storm surges is studied. Two differentdata bases have been used: one for the Great Lakes of North America and the otherfor the German Bight in the North Sea of Europe. For the Great Lakes region,significant east-west and north-south shifts in the tracks of ETC'S with decadal periodicities have been observed. However, there was no trend in the amplitudes of storm surges. The most important result for the Great Lakes is that, depending upon its position relative to the constantly shifting storm tracks, a given location could eitherexperience a major storm surge or could miss out completely.The storm surges in the German Bight in general, and at Cuxhaven in particular, appear to show a slightly increasing trend in the latterpart of the 20th century. However, the most significant result for the German Bightis that the number of storm tides (i.e., multiple peaks in a given storm surge event)definitely has shown an increase in the second half of the 20th century. This increase isinterpreted as due to the influence of meso-scale weather systems embedded in the synoptic scale ETCs.     

1470～2000年湖北省旱涝变化分析

利用武汉、荆州、宜昌、陨县、恩施5个代表站的旱涝等级资料，建立了湖北省1470～2000年(531年、的旱涝等级序列，并分析了旱涝变化特征。分析认为，近531年中，湖北省涝灾比旱灾多8．8％，大涝约48年一遇，大旱约59年一遇；旱期长于涝期；20世纪是旱涝灾害最多的一个世纪，19世纪上半叶是最湿润的50年；各世纪旱涝变化周期不尽相同，主要变化周期为20年、10～11年、5～6年。     

遥感技术在防汛指挥系统中的应用

介绍RS信息接收和处理的方法,叙述RS技术在水利系统应用现状,论述RS技术在黑龙江省防汛指挥系统中的应用,及在水利系统应用的发展趋势。     

Discovery of the copper deposits with features of the Keweenawan type in the border area of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces

There existed intense Cu anomaly on the northeastern side of the geochemical boundary with NW strike in the border area between the Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. Through field observation, ore bodies of high-grade native coppers have been found. The copper mineralization was constrained by the ancient volcanic vents of Permian basalt eruption and the overlain strata of carbonaceous argillites. Native coppers with flaky, net veined and impregnated occurrences, fine-grained tenorites and massive chalcocites widely occur in volcanic breccias, tuffs, carbonaceous-siliceous argillites and siliceous bitumen rocks with bed thickness of about 15-80 m. Cu contents vary from 0.5% to 20%. The copper mineralization was tightly related to actinolite-tremolitization, zeolitization and bituminization and involved in extensive reduction environments. Continental flood basalts erupted in mantle plume environments usually have high Cu concentrations (～170 ×10-6 in the Emeishan basalts), which provided a copper source of mineralization. Thus, metallogenesis of the native copper deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou border area is tightly associated with intensive crust-mantle and organic-inorganic interactions. The tremolitization and chalcocitization indicate that the metallogenic temperatures are in a range of 400-100℃. The geologic background and characteristics of ore and alteration for the native copper deposits in this area are somewhat similar to those of the Keweenawan native copper deposit in Michigan, USA.     

Web GIS在省级防汛指挥决策信息服务子系统中的应用研究

随着Web技术与GIS技术的迅猛发展,设计开发基于Web GIS的大型防汛指挥信息服务系统已变为可行与必须。结合黑龙江省防汛指挥信息服务子系统的设计开发实际,研究使用基于B/S体系的Arc IMS作为Web GIS的解决方案;研究解决应用Arc IMS中的几个关键技术问题:以正向与反向信息查询为例,研究设计信息查询的数据流程;为便于空间数据的管理与应用,研究图层的划分与组织方法;为达到经济与实用的目的,研究不同比例尺地图的无视觉差切换;为按用户要求表现地图,研究如何编写地图配置文件。还给出了这些关键技术在实际设计开发中的应用效果。     

实时洪水预报综合修正方法初探

利用误差的相似性扩大实时修正信息量,结合神经网络异联想记忆技术,提出了综合实时修正方法。并在七里街流域用11场洪水分别采用自回归(AR)模型和综合修正方法进行实时修正。分析结果表明,采用综合修正方法既能获得比AR模型更好的精度,又不损失洪水预报的预见期。进一步对闽江的6个支流流域近50场洪水进行综合修正方法实时修正检验,都获得了较好的结果。     

半干旱地区洪水预报的若干问题

半干旱地区的特点是降水少且时空分布不均,下垫面条件也与湿润地区有很大不同,从而使洪水预报工作较为困难。其难点主要是:下渗能力分布不均;制约下渗率的表层土湿计算;河网汇流中的渗漏损失计算;降雨分布不均问题等。探讨了这些问题的解决办法。