The Effectiveness of Flood Damage Reduction Measures in the Montreal Region

The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of two flood damage reduction measures – designation and dyking of floodplains. The study was carried out in four Quebec municipalities located on the shores of Lac des Deux-Montagnes and Riviére des Mille-Iles, namely Sainte-Marthe-sur-le-Lac, Saint-Eustache, Rosemére and Bois-des-Filion. Criteria for selecting the study areas were: area of the flood-risk zone, presence or absence of dykes, presence or absence of buildings, and availability of data. The study areas were selected with the help of flood risk maps of the Greater Montreal region. In each area, information on the number of buildings and their economic value was taken from the municipality's property assessment database. Trends in the occupancy and value of floodplains were identified and compared. The results of the study show that, as in other regions of Canada, flood damage reduction measures based on designation and mapping of floodplains have had no impact on occupancy, have failed to reduce flood damages, and have not even halted increases in such damages.     

Flooding in the Red River Basin – Lessons from Post Flood Activities

Flood of 1997 affected a large number of residents in the Red River Basin. Life disruption, economic damage, lengthy recovery process, physical and emotional trauma motivated a number of main initiatives to improve the level of preparedness in case of future floods. This review will focus on the involvement of the International Joint Commission (IJC). Personal experience is used in this review to emphasize a number of important lessons, of special relevance to Canadian portion of the basin, from the post flood activities. Level of preparedness for, and potential damage from future floods will benefit from focusing very serious effort on the improvement of the Canadian database, exchange of data with the U.S. and standardization of data collection, exchange and use. Tools for sustainable floodplain management are improving. However, the Red River Basin with its characteristics requires a special set of sophisticated tools that will enhance flood flow forecasting, planning of new flood control measures (structural and non-structural) and emergency operations of existing flood protection system. City of Winnipeg, being the largest population centre in the basin deserves a special attention. Additional protection of 670,000 people is required that will take into consideration temporal and spatial distribution of economic and social costs and benefits.     

由实测暴雨推求设计洪水方法的探讨

基于南方湿润地区洪水由暴雨形成的特点，可根据实测暴雨资料分析流域代表性产、汇流参数，将历年最大面暴雨系列转换为对应的洪水系列，并由该洪水系列作为样本来计算洪水统计参数。实例分析结果表明，与实测洪水计算结果相近，该方法不但克服了山区河流雨洪同频率的假定，而且还为研究暴雨形成洪水的产、汇流机制，创造了一定的条件。     

防洪大堤施工变形监测问题分析

在软土地区进行防洪大堤的施工，有必要通过变形监测、变形分析和变形预报来指导施工，主要对大堤施工期的变形监测问题，如监测基准，监测方法与精度，变形分析与预报等进行分析。     

旱涝指数的研究

提出了一种新的区域旱涝指数及其旱涝标准的划分方法，并运用该指数对近50a（1951－2000年）来华北地区夏季旱涝进行了分析，通过与其他旱涝指数的比较分析，发现该指数能较合适地反映区域旱涝的程度和范围，且划分旱涝的标准较客观，具有一定的普适性。     

Cretaceous volcanic rocks of the South Tethyan suture zone, Pakistan: implications for the Réunion hotspot and Deccan Traps

The location, ages, and geochemical characteristics of marine volcanic rocks preserved in the South Tethyan suture zone of Pakistan suggest that the Réunion hotspot was active off northwestern Greater India well before the emplacement, far to the south, of the Deccan flood basalts, the great bulk of which were erupted at 65-66 Ma and are widely believed to be associated with the hotspot’s plume-head phase. Most of the suture zone samples have Nd-Pb-Sr isotopic ratios (e.g. age-corrected ?_Nd(t)=+3.0 to +4.6) close to those expected for modern-type Réunion source mantle in the Late Cretaceous, and their incompatible element patterns resemble those of recent Réunion shield lavas. ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar incremental heating yields ages of 73.4-72.0 Ma. Nevertheless, unless even older ages are discovered among the suture zone rocks, a pre-Deccan marine phase of Réunion hotspot activity on the Tethyan side of Greater India can be accommodated within the framework of the plume-head model.     

自适应BP算法及其在河道洪水预报上的应用

提出一种改进的BP算法,即自适应BP算法。该方法采用两种策略:一是在权重修改公式中加动量项;二是学习率随总误差的变化作自适应调整,亦即总误差增加时,学习率将减小,反之学习率增大。以上两种策略能有效的抑制网络陷于局部极小并缩短了学习时间。实例研究表明,该算法用于河道洪水的预报,能取得令人满意的结果。     

倾斜细土平原盐渍土分布规律及盐胀作用分析

本文通过实例分析了倾斜细土平原盐渍土分布规律及盐胀性，盐类分布在平面上呈不连续性和不均匀性，中游以硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐为主，向下游逐渐变为以氯盐、亚氯盐为主，盐胀作用也由强变弱。     

上海市防汛墙岸堤的稳定可靠度研究

该文分析上海市区防汛墙结构的稳定性为目的，由原来用安全系数表示的土皮稳定性计算方法出发，提出了基于概率极限理论的计算土坡稳定可靠性的简易方法，并用一次二阶矩法对上海市区几种典型防汛墙结构型式进行稳定可靠度分析。分析方法和结果可望对今后防汛墙结构的选型、施工和监测具有一定的参考价值。     

防洪安全建设中的移民建镇布点方法及应用

针对防洪安全建设规划中运用机率小、预见期较长的蓄滞洪区,在保证其合理有效利用的前提下,考虑蓄滞洪区内工农业发展状况,自然地理环境以及移民后的生产生活条件,运用区域布局理论,提出移民建镇优化规划的布点方法,并将该方法应用于洪泽湖圩区规划。