An Assessment of Structural Measures for Flood-prone Lowlands with High Population Density along the Keelung River in Taiwan

Midstream of the Keelung River Basin in Northern Taiwan has become highly urbanized and densely populated area. Flood inundation along riversides frequently occurred during typhoons or rainstorms. Three protection measures, including constructions of high-level protection levees, a diversion channel, and a detention reservoir, were proposed for flood mitigation. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the flood mitigation performance of the three proposed structural measures by using combined hydrologic analyses and hydraulic routings. A semi-distributed parallel-type linear reservoirs rainfall-runoff model was used for estimating the surface runoff. Furthermore, a 1-D dynamic channel routing model was coupled with a two-dimensional inundation model to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of river flooding and overland flow. Simulation results of flood stages, runoff peak discharges, and inundation extent under design rainfall scenarios were chosen as the criteria for evaluation. The results showed a diversion channel is superior to the other two measures for flood mitigation of the study area. After the process of environmental impact assessment, a revised diversion channel approach has been approved for construction as the major structural measure.     

矿山淹井中水位、水量的快速估算和预报

本文用数理统计方法,快速估算和预报矿山淹井中水住、最高水位,矿井水涌量、涌入矿区的总水量和需要排出水量。用简单易行的反推法确定淹井的涌水量,并推导出计算式,以供使用。该方法在某矿淹井中使用,效果良好。     

浙江省小流域山洪灾害临界雨量确定方法分析

小流域山洪灾害具有突发性,预测预警难度较大.本文结合浙江省小流域山洪灾害防御的实践经验,研究提出了以水位反推法计算临界雨量,简单实用,具有较好的实践价值和推广意义.     

Application of Remote Sensing in Flood Management with Special Reference to Monsoon Asia: A Review

The conventional means to record hydrological parameters of aflood often fail to record an extreme event. Remote sensingtechnology along with geographic information system (GIS)has become the key tool for flood monitoring in recent years.Development in this field has evolved from optical to radarremote sensing, which has provided all weather capabilitycompared to the optical sensors for the purpose of flood mapping.The central focus in this field revolves around delineation of floodzones and preparation of flood hazard maps for the vulnerable areas.In this exercise flood depth is considered crucial for flood hazardmapping and a digital elevation model (DEM) is considered to bethe most effective means to estimate flood depth from remotelysensed or hydrological data. In a flat terrain accuracy of floodestimation depends primarily on the resolution of the DEM. Riverflooding in the developing countries of monsoon Asia is very acutebecause of their heavy dependence on agriculture but any floodestimation or hazard mapping attempt in this region is handicappedby poor availability of high resolution DEMs. This paper presents areview of application of remote sensing and GIS in flood managementwith particular focus on the developing countries of Asia.     

水库控制流域汛期分期的有效聚类分析

受诸多因素影响的水库汛期分期其实质是一个聚类数目未确知的高维时间序列聚类问题,它要求聚类方法具有能处理高维和时序性数据,且能同时回答聚为几类最为合理的能力。鉴于目前常规聚类方法不同时具备这些能力,在模糊C-均值聚类和紧密与分离聚类有效函数的基础上,提出了能够处理高维时序聚类问题的动态模糊C-均值聚类分析方法和相应的时序聚类有效性函数,耦合二者建立了适用于汛期分期的有效模糊聚类分析方法,提出采用实码加速遗传算法优化求解,克服了模糊C-均值聚类方法常规迭代优化求解对初值敏感的困难,并给出了完备的建模步骤和模型的合理性检验。最后,将模型应用于滦河流域潘家口水库汛期分期中,得出了合理的结论。     

大汶河流域洪灾的成因及防治对策

阐述了大汶河流域洪涝灾害的特点,并对洪涝灾害发生的原因进行了分析,提出了预防为主、综合治理、系统防治和重点防治相结合、标本兼治的防治思路及具体防治对策.     

人工阶梯-深潭破坏案例与稳定性分析

通过2006—2010年4个修建人工阶梯-深潭系统的治理山区河流案例,总结其治理效果和最终破坏原因.以单个阶梯为分析对象,给出其受力表达式,建立单个阶梯-深潭的简化稳定性模型,进而分析来流量和冲刷角变化对其稳定性的影响.单个阶梯的稳定性取决于关键石块粒径、河道坡降、流量和冲刷角.洪水期的洪峰流量和阶梯下游冲刷是阶梯破坏的主要原因,上游来流量增加和冲刷角越大,阶梯越易发生破坏.人工阶梯-深潭系统在洪水期的稳定性是其发挥长期治理效果的关键.     

磨刀门河口洪季波生流及其泄洪影响

磨刀门已由"径流型"向"径流-波浪型"河口转变,波浪已是该河口主要动力之一,但波浪对河口洪季水流及泄洪的影响缺少研究。在2-D潮流数学模型中添加随潮位实时变化的波浪辐射应力,建立波浪潮流耦合数学模型;波浪求解采用缓坡方程,背景水深由潮流模型实时提供,可通过比较考虑和未考虑波浪影响的河口流场来分析波浪对泄洪的影响。在年均常浪作用下,磨刀门河口洪季涨落潮阶段均有明显的波生环流结构。由于波浪作用方向向陆,波生流减弱了浅滩区的向海余流,增大了浅滩向陆余流;受浅滩向海余流减弱影响,河口动力自调整后形成归槽水流,促使深槽内向海余流增大。波浪有顶托河口泄洪之势,可改变滩槽泄洪分配比例;年均常浪的波高较小,其对潮流及泄洪的影响区域限制在浅水区,故对泄洪的负面影响有限。     

酉阳河流域典型年汛期的基流分割研究

基流分割是水文学研究中的重难点问题之一,目前基流分割也存在许多方法.基于酉阳河典型年汛期实测日平均流量资料,分别采用Chapman-Maxwell改进方程数字滤波法一次滤波(参数N=1)以及二次滤波(参数N=2)、BFI(f)法、HYSEP固定步长法、HYSEP滑动步长法、HYSEP局部最小值法进行基流分割并对其结果进...     

欧洲莱茵河流域洪水管理行动计划述评

旨在提高和改善莱茵河的防洪和流域可持续管理水平的“洪水管理行动计划”于1998年开始实施,其内容和措施以及欧洲国家在流域可持续发展管理方面的思路和模式对我国江河流域的防洪和洪泛区管理可资借鉴.