Urban development and migration processes in the urban region of Bratislava from the post-socialist transformation until the global economic crisis

This article contributes to understanding population migration in Central European urban regions and its connection with urban development. This topic has been addressed in other studies, focused mainly on large cities, particularly Prague, Budapest, and Warsaw. Bratislava, the capital of the Slovak Republic, is a relatively small city at the core of one of the most economically developed regions in Central Europe. The region has experienced a transformation of migration trends, from those determined by socialist urbanization to trends resembling those observed in Western Europe. Similar to those of other major Central European cities, recent patterns of migration to and from Bratislava are characterized by a rising intensity of concentration and decentralization, but also reflect several unique historical circumstances. Furthermore, the results indicate that the global economic crisis that erupted in 2007 has eased the intensity of the observed processes, although it has not changed their nature. This effect is similar to that of the economic decline in the 1990s.     

产品结构演化的跨界效应研究——基于中国地级市出口产品的实证分析

使用2002~2013年中国(不包括港澳台地区)地级市出口的四位数产品数据,建立高维固定效应模型探究了新产品的出现与邻近地区之间的关系。回归结果显示产品的演化可以在邻近地区之间跨越行政边界发生,但发生的条件是本地要拥有良好的相关产业基础。同时省间分权作用会阻碍跨边界演化过程。除此之外,跨边界演化机制表现出明显的地区差异与行业差异。     

分权化对旅游地空间不均衡发展的影响

分权化制度框架下的旅游政策、公共设施建设、旅游投资等发展要素的差异是旅游地空间不均衡发展的根本原因。本文对相关文献进行了系统分析,界定了中国旅游分权化的利益主体,探讨了旅游利益主体组成的旅游地权力网络的分权形式、不同旅游分权利益主体在旅游发展中的角色与功能,提出了不同层面的不均衡表现及未来应关注问题。结果表明,中国分权化框架下的财税制度、利益分割引起不同旅游发展主体间的利益冲突,利益权力网络的空间不对称导致旅游产业结构、旅游土地利用、公共基础设施与旅游服务设施和社区空间发展不均衡。未来研究应以各级政府、投资商和社区居民三方利益的均衡与权力重组为出发点,从区域旅游组织分权、社区参与制度保障及其技术支持、产业空间再结构化、乡村旅游发展的政治角色4个方面展开,以实现旅游地的可持续发展。     

工业用地空间集散特征及其内在动因研究——以北京市为例

以北京市为例,探讨工业用地的空间集聚分散变化特征,并针对现状和存在问题提出工业用地管理政策建议.分析产业用地区域分布的变化规律,利用统计数据,从产业结构变化、工业产值比重变化和工业用地报酬变化等方面分析和探讨工业用地集散的趋势和原因.在此基础上,总结北京市及不同区域目前工业用地布局发展所处的阶段,并有针对性地提出应对措施.工业用地供应应坚持市场化方向,同时,工业用地管理应顺应工业用地的集散分布规律.     

后疫情时期粤港澳大湾区“城市-郊野”旅游流网络结构特征——基于网络数字足迹的分析

为探究后疫情时期“城市―郊野”旅游流移动态势及旅游发展趋势,以粤港澳大湾区旅游网络为对象,搜集疫情发生前后各两年（2018年1月―2021年12月）的网络游记数据,借助社会网络分析法,对疫情前后粤港澳大湾区“城市―郊野”的旅游流分布状况及游客选择偏好进行比较。研究表明：1）疫情后大湾区整体旅游网络密度相对疫情前大幅度下降,特大城市尤其境外城市旅游受疫情影响更为明显;旅游网络联通性弱化严重,聚集效应变差,更趋向于分散和割裂。2）疫情后旅游网络“核心-边缘”结构弱化,核心区和边缘区的界限变得模糊和淡化,部分郊区、乡野景区在网络中的重要性明显增强,成为新的核心区。3）疫情后港珠澳及广州等传统核心城市节点在网络的联通性、控制力弱化,景点凝聚子群从疫情前呈现广州与佛山、珠海和澳门等珠江口西侧旅游城市群的高凝聚性,转变为疫情后多点化发展的趋势,郊野凝聚子群强化,旅游呈现郊野化趋势。4）景点网络从疫情前的广州―香港―澳门3核心的发展模式转变为疫情后的广州―澳门―深圳-佛山4核心的“四驱多动”关系,港珠澳大桥在网络中的联动性下降。流动性限制与旅游驱动力是后疫情期旅游结构变迁的双向动力,疫情后大湾区旅游...     

加拿大地域间收入差异与国家财政补贴

运用基尼系数、变动系数、加重变动系数及锡尔系数对加拿大地域间收入差距变化进行实证分析后得出,自1950年代至1960年代加拿大地域差异的缩小比较缓慢,到了1970年代中期地域差异呈现出急剧缩小的倾向,随后地域差异缩小开始停滞,而进入1980年代后期地域差异又有扩大的倾向。同时加拿大政府的财政补贴对地域差异带来了很大的影...     

Ironies of Consociation: Forest and Natural Resource Governance in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina

ABSTRACT

The nation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), on southeastern Europe’s Balkan Peninsula, is a unique product of international peace building based on a consociational model of ethnic power sharing. Organized around protection of “vital interests” of its constituent ethnic communities, the BiH state is radically decentralized. In forest administration, national government is practically nonexistent; multiple substate entities including cantons and municipalities operate as autonomous, self-governing units. This paper finds that the politics of accommodation, ironically couched in the language of rights, creates conditions of illiberal dissociation which block consensual natural resource governance. Conservation policies which require political compromise, thus, face a challenge in BiH’s illiberal consociation. Through policy analysis and interviews with representatives of key organizations affected by the 2008 Law on Una National Park, this study finds that when policies are implemented at levels of expected cooperation, the resultant needs are to reconcile rifts of interpretation and coordinate competencies vertically among dissociative bureaucracies.     

Decentralized water supply by reservoir network reduces power demand for water distribution in a semi-arid basin

In the Brazilian semi-arid region, thousands of small dams have been built over time to enhance water availability, accumulating water and hydraulic energy at high altitudes. Simulations were performed in this study to assess how the arrangement of reservoirs impacts on the power demand for water distribution in the Banabuiú River Basin (19?800 km²), Brazil. The power required to pump water from 1405 reservoirs to all districts with diffuse demands is 6.5 GWh/year, whereas in the scenario with only the 12 larger strategic reservoirs, the power demand reached 45.3 GWh/year. Alone, the largest reservoir in the basin can supply water to all districts. Nonetheless, in that scenario, the power demand would reach 195 GWh/year, which is 30 times the power required in the real reservoir arrangement. Thus, decentralization by small reservoirs not only promotes more democratic access to water, but also increases energy efficiency by storing it at higher altitudes and closer to the diffuse demands.     

气候变化对中国古代财政平衡的影响

以当代历史和经济史著作为资料,建立与历朝财政盈亏状态相关词汇的语义分级标准,重建了中国自秦朝至清末（220 BC~1910 AD）10 a分辨率的财政等级序列,并分析其与气候变化的关系。结果表明,秦朝至清末的财政平衡大体经历了4个相对充裕阶段（220 BC~31 BC,441~760 AD,961~1210 AD,1381~1910 AD）和3个相对匮乏阶段（30 BC~440 AD,761~960 AD,1211~1380 AD）。财政危机在寒冷-干旱的气候背景下爆发的可能性最大。财政平衡与温度和降水变化均成正相关,财政平衡的趋势性变化受长期的温度和降水变化影响较为明显。但受多因素的复杂反馈环节影响,两者在某些时段呈现反相位关系。