动载下饱和重塑黄土的骨干曲线变化研究

针对饱和重塑黄土进行了一系列等向固结和偏压固结下的排水与不排水动三轴试验,分析了饱和重塑黄土的动力性质、骨干曲线模型及其影响因素。基于动三轴试验结果,探讨了在考虑累积塑性应变影响下,修正Hardin-Drnevich模型的适用性。结果表明,考虑累积塑性应变时,修正Hardin-Drnevich模型能够较好地模拟饱和重塑黄土的骨干曲线试验结果。进而分析了等向固结和偏压固结、固结围压、波形和排水条件等因素对饱和重塑黄土骨干曲线的影响,得到偏压固结和固结围压的增大使骨干曲线上移,土体强度增加,而波形对骨干曲线的影响较小;排水条件下的骨干曲线较不排水条件下的有所上移,土体强度增加。所得结论可供工程设计人员参考。     

橡胶颗粒改良粉煤灰土的动力特性试验研究

对橡胶颗粒改良粉煤灰土的动强度、动模量、黏聚力和内摩擦角进行了动三轴试验研究,并将试验结果与粉煤灰土的动力特性加以对比,分析表明：粉煤灰土及橡胶颗粒改良粉煤灰土在同一围压下动强度均随破坏周数的增加而减小;在同一破坏周数下动强度随着围压的增加而增加;粉煤灰土的黏聚力为203.73 kPa,内摩擦角为11°;橡胶颗粒改良粉煤灰土的黏聚力为227.26 kPa,内摩擦角为17°,橡胶颗粒改良粉煤灰土的黏聚力增大了23.53 kPa,提高了11.55%;粉煤灰土的初始切线模量及平均动模量高于橡胶颗粒改良粉煤灰土的初始切线模量及平均动模量。研究表明,橡胶颗粒改良后的粉煤灰土具有动强度高、黏聚力和内摩擦角大的特点,从而说明橡胶颗粒改良后的粉煤灰土可以作为季冻区路基冷阻层材料     

强夯激励下黄土边坡动力响应模型试验研究

设计并完成了1:20比尺的黄土边坡大型动力模型试验,探讨了模型试验中的相似律、边界条件处理等问题;研究了强夯激励下黄土边坡的动力特性变化规律与动力响应规律,以及边坡坡率对动力特性和动力响应的影响。试验结果表明,边坡坡率越大,动力响应幅值越大;强夯激励下黄土边坡的动力响应幅值均随冲击荷载作用而产生并迅速衰减;振动周期在1 s之内,主频率在25～45 Hz之间,不会出现振动叠加现象。强夯激励下黄土边坡对径向加速度的放大效应更显著,下部边坡以竖向振动为主,上部边坡以径向振动为主。黄土边坡的边缘部位对强夯冲击振动的反应幅值较之内部存在放大现象。沿坡高方向,边坡对输入加速度具有明显的放大作用,坡顶处的放大效应最为显著。试验结果有助于揭示黄土边坡在强夯激励下的动力响应规律,为黄土地区的工程设计和施工提供有益的参考     

隧道围岩结构地震动稳定性分析的动力有限元强度折减法

为了得到隧道围岩结构的地震动安全系数,借助通用有限元软件ANSYS,首先对水平地震作用下的模型进行模态分析,得到质量阻尼系数和刚度阻尼系数;其次由静力分析模型得到竖向边界上的水平向支座反力,然后将结构自重转化为温度边界条件,通过热分析得到模型各节点的温度,从而实现在动力分析中考虑重力的影响;最后采用悬臂梁动力分析模型,导入热分析获得的模型各节点的温度,并在竖向边界上施加水平向支座反力,通过不断折减围岩塑性区的凝聚力c和内摩擦角?,直到计算不收敛为止,从而得到隧道围岩结构的地震动安全系数。数值算例结果表明：采用的方法是可行的,将围岩结构自重转化为节点温度的措施解决了以往动力分析不能考虑结构自重的难点,进而为以后地震作用下隧道动力安全系数的计算及其工程应用提供了理论依据。     

煤储层渗透率动态变化效应研究

基于现代测试技术和煤层气井实测排采数据,采用物理模拟和数值模拟研究方法,探讨了开采过程中煤储层渗透率动态变化效应。研究结果表明,试验模拟和数值模拟渗透率数值相差较大,可达1～2个数量级;煤储层渗透率动态变化效应呈现出两种相反的规律,即数值模拟渗透率随流体压力降低而衰减,试验模拟渗透率随流体压力降低而增大,两种模拟渗透率动态变化特征看似相互矛盾,实则相互衔接,预示煤储层渗透率在排采过程中会逐渐得以改善。根据分析,揭示了二者差异性的根本原因。提出在整个排采过程中,应采用动态渗透率指标,不断调整和优化工作制度     

双向耦合循环剪切条件下超固结饱和海洋黏土孔压与强度特性研究

针对长江口地区的重塑饱和海洋黏土,进行了一系列均等固结条件下的应力控制式轴向-扭转双向耦合循环剪切试验,着重探讨了循环荷载分量比R与超固结比OCR对孔压与动强度特性的影响。试验结果表明,随着R的减小,波动孔压幅值逐渐降低,而残余孔压先降低后升高,R = 1时残余孔压最小。在循环耦合剪切作用过程中,对应相同循环次数,随着OCR的增大,累积孔压变小,而波动孔压幅值却在增大。对应相同循环次数比N/Nf,随着OCR增大,残余孔隙水压力比ur / urmax减小。经归一化处理后ur / urmax-N/Nf关系曲线对于正常固结与超固结饱和黏土可分别用不同的表达式来表达。随着R的降低,破坏循环次数先增大后减小,R = 1时最大。随着OCR的增大,饱和黏土的强度变化减小     

武汉砂土动剪切模量与阻尼比的试验研究

以武汉地铁4号线二期工程越江段饱和砂土为研究对象,通过室内GDS动力三轴试验,较为系统地研究了在单向循环荷载作用下砂土的动剪切模量和阻尼比规律特性及其影响因素。试验结果表明:动剪切模量、阻尼比与动剪应变的关系可以用Hardin-Drnevich双曲线模型进行描述;动剪切模量随动应变的增大而减小,随围压和固结比的增大而增大,而阻尼比的变化规律与动剪切模量相反。从而为工程建筑物的抗震设计提供了重要依据。     

土非线性参数变异性对标准设计谱的影响

岩土工程中存在许多不确定性,建筑物抗震规范设计中的标准设计谱实际代表着一种平均结果,并没有考虑到场地土体非线性参数的变异性。文中采用数值模拟的方法研究了土非线性参数变异性对标准设计谱的影响。给出了考虑土非线性参数变异性的概率设计谱。结果表明,土非线性参数变异性对标准设计谱的影响显著;粘性土和无粘性土的动剪切模量比对标准设计谱的影响决定于土非线性参数的概率水准,同时也取决于概率设计谱的频段;烈度7度、8度和9度下土体动剪切模量比变异性使标准设计谱平台最大变化50%、80%和100%,阻尼比变异性使标准设计谱平台最大变化40%、45%和60%。     

Running safety analysis of a train on the Tsing Ma Bridge under turbulent winds

The dynamic responses of the Tsing Ma suspension bridge and the running behaviors of trains on the bridge under turbulent wind actions are analyzed by a three-dimensional wind-train-bridge interaction model. This model consists of a spatial finite element bridge model, a train model composed of eight 4-axle identical coaches of 27 degrees-of-freedom, and a turbulent wind model. The fluctuating wind forces, including the buffeting forces and the self-excited forces, act on the bridge only, since the train runs inside the bridge deck. The dynamic responses of the bridge are calculated and some results are compared with data measured from Typhoon York. The runnability of the train passing through the Tsing Ma suspension bridge at different speeds is researched under turbulent winds with different wind velocities. Then, the threshold curve of wind velocity for ensuring the running safety of the train in the bridge deck is proposed, from which the allowable train speed at different wind velocities can be determined. The numerical results show that rail traffic on the Tsing Ma suspension bridge should be closed as the mean wind velocity reaches 30 m/s.     

Procedures for calibration of linear models for damage limitation in design of masonry‐infilled RC frames

Recent earthquakes have confirmed the role played by infills in the seismic response of reinforced concrete buildings. The control and limitation of damage to such nonstructural elements is a key issue in performance‐based earthquake engineering. The present work is focused on modeling and analysis of damage to infill panels, and, in particular, it is aimed towards linear analysis procedures for assessing the damage limitation limit state of infilled reinforced concrete frames. First, code provisions on infill modeling and acceptance criteria at the damage limitation limit state are reviewed. Literature contributions on damage to unreinforced masonry infill panels and corresponding displacement capacity are reported and discussed. Two procedures are then proposed aiming at a twofold goal: (i) the determination of ‘equivalent’ interstory drift ratio limits for a bare frame model and (ii) the estimation of the stiffness of equivalent struts representing infill walls in a linear model. These two quantities are determined such that a linear model ensures a reliable estimation of seismic capacity at the damage limitation limit state, providing the same intensity level as that obtained from nonlinear analyses carried out on structural models with infills. Finally, the proposed procedures are applied to four‐story and eight‐story case study‐infilled frames, designed for seismic loads according to current technical codes. The results of these application examples are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.