Dynamic programming with colour graphics smoothing for open-pit design on a personal computer

Summary Dynamic programming is a technique which has been used to design the optimum final surface mining pit limit. In using dynamic programming there is a trade-off: if the geometric constraints are specified too strictly, the pit limit will not be the optimum, but if they are specified more loosely, then the computed pit contours must be smoothed. The smoothing process has usually been manual and is time consuming. In this paper a colour graphics computer routine is presented. This not only facilitates the smoothing but also has the following benefits: open-pit limits can be designed interactively on a personal computer; pit designs that are closer to the economic optimum can be obtained; and the engineer can bring his or her own experience and intuition to bear on the final open-pit design.     

Mill-leach-waste cutoff grades for sulphidic copper ore

Summary Recent mining literature on cutoff grade theory has come to reflect some viewpoints and analyses expressed earlier in the economic literature. Agreement is best when the cutoff grade policy is established by analysis in stages, starting from the limits of the deposit, and using the maximum net present value objective. In the derivation of the optimal cutoff grade policy a dynamic programming approach is then applied to solve the overall problem as a series of linked, nonlinear, stage optimization problems. A wholly satisfactory use of a dynamic programming methodology requires that two conditions be satisfied: the separability and optimality conditions. The former is, strictly, violated by a heap-leaching or dump-leaching process, the latter by possible forms of resource rent taxation. This paper considers the problem of including such a leaching process in a cutoff grade policy analysis along aforementioned lines. It concludes that a workable method of doing so may be found which, in particular, may be quite satisfactory in arid climates where, in addition, some practical leaching experience already exists.     

东亚大陆地震的地球自转动力观测资料分析

东亚大陆大地震的活动带走向、活动方式、震源主压应力方向、总迁移方向,沿纬度的分布和发震频度随时间的变化,均与地球自转速率变化有成因联系。本文从地球自转加速、减速、匀速的变化趋势进行这方面的观测资料分析,证明地球速率变化是东亚大陆地震的基本动力来源     

河北平原地下水动力环境演化规律及影响因素

通过河北平原多年地下水位长期观测资料的整理，统计和分析，探讨了地下水动力环境演化规律，并选择典型地区，采用灰色关联度分析方法，论证了地下水位变化与开采量、降水量之间的内在联系，从而揭示了地下水动力环境演化机制。     

复杂性理论与滑坡动态预测研究新思路

概述了复杂性理论的发展及其对滑坡动态研究的影响；在概括滑坡预测研究现状的基础上，分析了滑坡动态预测的研究进展，最后是关于预测的几点思考，亦即滑坡动力学预测的研究方向。     

降雨及地下水对边坡稳定性动态影响的初步研究

论述了降雨及地下水对边坡稳定性的动态影响及作用特征。这种影响特征具有典型的周期性和滞后性，通过对坡体地下水位的动态模拟，取得了边坡稳定性随时间而变化的规律认识。     

台风外围暴雨成因及其增幅的一种动力学机理

通过对9216号台风外围暴雨的诊断分析，发现暴雨是由低层低压气旋流场系统、与高层高压反气刻流场系统以及深厚的饱和湿度层所组成的一种高层抽吸作用所形成。暴雨的增幅原因，是通过台风和东风波系统与风带的低涡低槽系统合并加深后，导致暴雨区上空暖平流因子增强和高层抽吸作用增强所开。最后对预报和研究这类暴雨提出了几点看法。     

端承桩基础轴向地震反应分析

本文对分层弹性地基中端承桩基础通过特性分析建立了合理的力学模型，通过动力分析，给出了端承桩基础轴向自振特性及在竖向地震载荷作用下强迫反应的解析解。文中的解析公式为分层弹性地基中的端承桩基础轴向动力反应分析提供了一种新的解析方法。     

Field of vertical crustal deformation in North China and the feature of its dynamic evolution

ＦｉｅｌｄｏｆｖｅｒｔｉｃａｌｃｒｕｓｔａｌｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｉｎＮｏｒｔｈＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｔｈｅｆｅａｔｕｒｅｏｆｉｔｓｄｙｎａｍｉｃｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ王若柏，洪汉净，许忠淮，耿世昌，孙东平，韩月萍Ｒｕｏ－ＢａｉＷＡＮＧ；Ｈａｎ－ＪｉｎｇＨＯＮ...     

A new theoretical solution of the effect of atmospheric pressure on water level

Based on the partial differential equation governing the effect of atmospheric pressure on water level of confined well, deriving the boundary condition and considering the seepage water between well and aquifer, the author obtained the analytical solution of water level change in time domain under the action of an atmospheric pressure history with the Laplace transform method. This solution is composed of two terms:stable and retarded terms. The stable term is the multiplication of barometric efficiency and simultaneous atmospheric pressure, and it implies the value of water level after infinite time when the atmospheric pressure is a constant from the time in question. The retarded term is the transient process due to the time lag of water exchange between well and aquifer. From the solution, it is obtained that the interference of atmospheric pressure on water level is the integral superimposition of the contribution of all atmospheric pressure changes before the time in question. So that, we further found out the response function of pulsive atmospheric pressure history. Calculation shows: (1) The pulsive response function starts from zero and tends to a steady value, which is proportional to the barometric efficiency, when the time tends to infinity; (2) The retarded time depends on the mechanical property of aquifer and the radius of well. The larger the seepage coefficient, the smaller the radius of well and the thicker the aquifer, then the shorter the retarded time gets. This solution can be used as the theoretical basis for further analysis of the atmospheric effect and practical correcting method in the future.