中国城市群金融服务业发展水平及空间格局

城市群成为国家经济建设的重要载体,满足城市群产业发展和基础设施建设资金需求,优化金融资源在城市群之间合理配置,摸清城市群金融服务业发展水平状况,显得尤为重要.本研究采用金融相关比率、金融发展效率、保险密度和保险深度等指标体系,通过多指标综合评价方法,定量分析23 个城市群银行、保险和证券等金融服务业发展水平的空间差异和格局.结果表明：① 城市群内金融服务业综合发展水平差异性较大,在空间上形成东部沿海高于西部和中部的空间格局,其中,长三角城市群、京津冀城市群、珠三角城市群发展水平较高.② 城市群金融发展水平滞后于城市群发育水平.其中金融发展效率和保险密度是影响金融服务业综合发展水平的主要因素之一,而金融服务业从业人员多少和城乡居民储蓄额大小影响较小;另外,区域产业结构,特别是上市产业(可交易产品) 结构与城市群金融服务业发展水平相关性大.③ 银行、保险和证券服务业在城市群内部差异较大,京津冀城市群、长三角城市群和珠三角城市群金融资源拥有量占到23 个城市群的50%以上,影响和主导着中国金融业发展.     

东莞市金融服务业分散化空间格局——企业金融服务消费行为视角

通过问卷调查和深度访谈等手段获取反映企业金融服务消费行为的数据资料,结合社会经济统计 (1990~2003 )和基本单位普查 (2001 )数据,实证分析了东莞市第二产业分散化空间格局前提下,跨国公司生产基地"多点"金融服务消费行为、成功港资企业"两点"金融服务消费行为以及镇区工业集团总公司"园区型"金融服务消费行为,探讨了东莞金融服务业"无强中心,分散化"空间格局形成的机制。     

Climate policy and financial institutions

This article examines how financial institutions, such as pension funds and insurance companies, have interpreted and used UN-issued climate change management policies. A critical discourse approach is used to analyse material issued by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the World Bank Group and some business and investment consultancies, with interview data supplementing the document analysis. It is argued that although policymakers and business consultants have been eager to appropriate the discourses of financial services, they have not produced guidance on how the outputs of climate science might best be used to allocate managed capital. In terms of outcomes, financial services remain on the periphery of policy implementation, attention has been deflected from the emitters of greenhouse gases, and policy objectives have been frustrated. By unspoken fiat, the market is here the new truth that cannot be contradicted.     

Operationalizing the Adaptation Fund: challenges in allocating funds to the vulnerable

The Adaptation Fund of the Kyoto Protocol marks a change in the international climate change financing architecture due to its independence from official development assistance, direct access and the majority of developing countries in governance. A major goal of the Adaptation Fund is to finance concrete adaptation projects and programmes in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The presented analysis considers the results of operationalization of the fund between 2008 and 2010, and the role vulnerability had in the allocation of funds. The definition of ‘vulnerability’ remains broad and currently does not allow for a prioritization in the allocation of funds. Criteria like ‘level of vulnerability’ or ‘adaptive capacity’ still need to be specified. The possibilities for the Adaptation Fund Board to implement a vulnerability-oriented funding approach are limited by the legal basis of the Kyoto Protocol and the principle of a country-driven approach. The effective support of vulnerable communities primarily depends on the institutional capacities and the institutional arrangement at the national level and the quality of analysis the adaptation projects and programmes are based on.     

Sector-based approach to the post-2012 climate change policy architecture

A sectoral approach to GHG emissions reductions in developing countries is proposed as a key component of the post-2012 climate change mitigation framework. In this approach, the ten highest-emitting developing countries in the electricity and other major industrial sectors pledge to meet voluntary, ‘no-lose’ GHG emissions targets in these sectors. No penalties are incurred for failing to meet a target, but emissions reductions achieved beyond the target level earn emissions reduction credits (ERCs) that can be sold to industrialized nations. Participating developing countries establish initial ‘no-lose’ emissions targets, based upon their national circumstances, from sector-specific energyintensity benchmarks that have been developed by independent experts. Industrialized nations then offer incentives for the developing countries to adopt more stringent emissions targets through a ‘Technology Finance and Assistance Package’, which helps to overcome financial and other barriers to technology transfer and deployment. These sectorspecific energy-intensity benchmarks could also serve as a means for establishing national economy-wide targets in developed countries in the post-2012 regime. Preliminary modelling of a hybrid scenario, in which Annex I countries adopt economy-wide absolute GHG emissions targets and high-emitting developing countries adopt ‘no-lose’ sectoral targets, indicates that such an approach significantly improves the likelihood that atmospheric concentrations of CO₂ can be stabilized at 450 ppmv by the end of the century.     

论集中核算模式下的财务风险防控

对集中核算下财务廉政风险的表现形式及特点、廉政风险防控主体进行分析,找出集中核算模式下的财务风险特征,并提出相关的防范和控制措施。     

Blind equalization based on RLS algorithm using adaptive forgetting factor for underwater acoustic channel

Blind equalization based on adaptive forgetting factor, recursive least squares （RLS） with constant modulus algorithm （CMA）, is investigated. The cost function of CMA is simplified to meet the second norm form to ensure the stability of RLS-CMA, and thus an improved RLS-CMA （RLS-SCMA） is established. To further improve its performance, a new adaptive forgetting factor RLS-SCMA （ARLS-SCMA） is proposed. In ARLS-SCMA, the forgetting factor varies with the output error of the blind equalizer during the iterative process, which leads to a faster convergence rate and a smaller steady-state error. The simulation results prove the effectiveness under the condition of the underwater acoustic channel.     

湛江市海洋产业发展的资金支持研究

湛江是海洋经济总量连续多年稳居广东省第三的海洋大市,其海洋产业迎来了快速发展的良机,亟需资金支持。基于金融创新理论、信贷配给理论和融资约束理论等金融发展理论,在分析湛江海洋产业资金支持实践和存在问题的基础上,提出信贷政策引导、多层次资本市场融资、海洋投资信托基金、信用担保、海洋保险联动和海洋金融服务平台等方面的建议,为探索促进湛江市海洋产业的发展提供参考。     

中美应对经济危机的宏观经济政策比较

以美国的大型金融机构纷纷陷入重大危机为标志,美国次贷危机演变成全球金融危机,应对危机所带来的经济萧条,中美两国政府展开了救市计划。比较中美两国的经济政策,中国将救市的希望放在了生产商,企图通过投资的增加来带动经济的增长。而美国政府更倾向于通过挽救金融体系,救助金融机构以刺激消费,来促进经济增长。形成这种差别的原因在于经济结构、金融环境、利率风险程度的不同,经济增长的动力不同以及中美贸易关系的影响。     

成渝城市群基本公共服务均等化的时空特征与成因解析

构建基本公共服务均等化评价指标体系,采用全局主成分分析法测算2010—2018年成渝城市群16个城市的基本公共服务均等化水平并分析其影响因素。结果表明:(1)成渝城市群整体基本公共服务均等化水平逐年提高,但城际绝对差距在扩大、城际均等化水平未显著提升。(2)公共服务子系统的公共教育、医疗卫生、文化服务、环境保护、交通物流的均等化水平都显著改善,但社会保障的不均等化程度加剧。(3)空间上呈现“双核突出、中部塌陷”的结构,与城市位序规模法反映的城市等级体系不匹配。(4)经济发展水平、城镇化率和人口因素对成渝城市群基本公共服务均等化水平有显著正向影响,财政支出水平在经济发展水平和政府绩效考核等约束下对均等化的影响程度不及以上因素。