知识经济与高校校办产业初探

探讨了知识经济的特点及对高等院校校办产业的新要求,分析了高校创办高新技术产业的必要性及其重要作用,从高校校办产业的现状出发,提出了发展高校校办产业的对策。     

顾及系统误差的平差模型研究

在高精度测量中,利用平差模型从整体上对系统误差予以补偿和消除的理论研究已日益被关注,从国内外文献看,一般均着重于研究附加系统参数平差模型的理论和应用,考虑到系统误差源的复杂性,文中提出了附加系统权平差模型,附加系统参数和系统权平差模型。导出了平差公式和假设检验的统计量,附加系统参数模型是将系统误差影响归入函数模型,附加系统权模型是将系统误差影响归为随机模型,两者混合模型则是将系统误差影响分别归入函数模型和随机模型,这样就形成了顾及系统误差的平差模型体系。附加系统权平差模型涉及到系统方差估计这一难题,文中提出了按概率分布置信域的思想由最大误差估计系统方差的方法。     

面向对象的测量平差软件设计与网络化应用

对测量平差软件用面向对象的方法进行了重新设计，并用纯面向对象的Java语言实现了其抽象类和继承类，各种平差方法都以对象的形式出现，为程序代码的共享和多用户并发运行时字节码的共享打下了基础。     

整体平差法在现代测量控制网建立中的技术优势

整体平差法是一个严格而又有效的平差方法，其应用与现代计算机技术密切相关。本文介绍了整体平差法的基本原理，并以实测GPS控制网的布设为例，探讨了它在现代测量控制网建立中的具体应用及其技术优势。     

林地面积的手持GPS量测

通过秩亏自由网平差原理对手持式GPS接收机测量的坐标值进行平差,旨在提高手持式GPS测量地块面积的精度。实验证明,用秩亏自由网平差法求算面积的精度,有效地考虑了各点的误差,虽然计算过程很复杂,但是通过VisualBasic编制的程序可以很快完成面积计算、精度评定等工作。虽然手持式GPS有一定的定位误差,但是通过皮尺测距有效地控制了其误差,提高了观测精度,可广泛应用于林分面积量测及地类变化监测。     

用格子Boltzmann方法构建大气动力学模式的初步研究

文中建立了一个格子Boltzmann模型 ,经过Chapman Enskog展开得到的方程组能完整描述正压大气的动力过程 ,成功地模拟了正压地转适应过程 ,对Obukhov的经典例子进行了数值检验。结果表明 ,Obukhov的结果只体现了科氏力和气压梯度力的平衡 ,而本模型可以精确地描述科氏力、惯性力和气压梯度力三者的完整平衡 ,与Obukhov线性理论相比 ,气压变化量的数值相差 2 8% ,说明了线性适应理论只在定性方面正确 ,在定量方面还不准确。数值结果还表明粘性力在地转适应过程中基本不起作用。同时 ,还模拟了一个更大尺度的适应问题 ,验证了气压场与风场适应过程取决于尺度大小这一论断数值试验表明 ,格子Boltzmann方法用于模拟大气运动是可行的 ,而且因其编程简洁方便 ,天然具有极好的并行性能 ,对于建立模拟大气和海洋这样涉及复杂动力热力过程的多相大规模数值模式很有发展潜力     

Patterns of Coping and Adaptation Among Erosion-Induced Displacees in Bangladesh: Implications for Hazard Analysis and Mitigation

The purpose of this research was to identify social, culturaland psychological aspects of riverbank erosion-induced displacement in the flood plainsof Bangladesh. Although considerable research has examined the social and economicimpacts of riverine hazards in Bangladesh, there has been a general neglect of associatedpsychosocial implications. The specific objectives of the study were to: (1) assess hazardawareness in relation to riverbank erosion, (2) determine the magnitude of psychologicaldistress associated with displacement, and (3) identify patterns of psychosocial copingand adaptation common to displaced persons in Bangladesh. Although displacees were foundto have a significantly higher level of distress than non-displacees, this was relatedprimarily to socioeconomic deprivation rather than to displacement per se. The findingsof this study showed that the constant threat of riverbank erosion has contributed to asubstantial disaster subculture in the riverine zones of Bangladesh. The commonly hypothesized factorssuch as loss of land and frequency and duration of displacement were notsignificantly associated with distress levels.The need to integrate into hazard analysis and mitigation studiesa social, cultural and psychological context is recommended. In Bangladesh, the poor copewith hardship and problems by relying on religion, which in turn significantlyinfluences how they perceive and interpret natural calamities. It is argued that the capacityof people to respond to environmental threats is a function of not only the physicalforces which affect them, but of indigenous social and cultural belief systems which influencehow people interpret and organize their activities. Hazard analysis and mitigation wouldbe most effective when it takes into account psychological and socio-cultural aspects ofdisasters, due to the fact that psychological distress impacts the capacity of people toachieve livelihoods, but also important social and psychological processes determine the waypeople perceive and adapt to natural hazards.     

基于GIS的土地整理基础信息数据库建立

合理组织和应用土地整理中的空间数据和属性数据对提高土地整理效率具有重要意义，该文探讨应用GIS技术收集土地整理基础数据和建立土地整理基础信息数据库的方法。     

OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF MESO-β WAVE IN LOW LATITUDES OF SOUTH CHINA SEA OVER THE SUMMER MONSOON

The intensive observation data of the Nansha Islands are used to study and discuss the meso-and fine-scale systems existing with large-scale monsoon circulation during the onset of the southwesterly monsoon in the low-latitude areas of the South China Sea. Effects of low-latitude tropical meso-scale gravity waves on weather have been disclosed. The generation and transportation of the local meso-scale gravity wave have been preliminarily studied from the viewpoint of dynamics.     

海洋测线网系统误差确定的3种模型

为探测系统误差和数据调整的需要，文中将误差模型分为两种基本形式，在此基础上给出了确定测线系统误差的3种模型：模型A、模型B和极大调整模型。在这3种模型中，模型A、B确定参数的差异主要体现在模型B将系统整体性影响按照平差空间结构分配至测线系统误差，极大调整模型原理的理论基础是模型A基准权的特例。实例计算验证，模型A能够较好地探测系统误差，模型B则适合于数据调整。