A Reanalysis and Reinterpretation of Geodetic and Geological Evidence of Glacial-Isostatic Adjustment in the Churchill Region, Hudson Bay

We review the historical, geological, tide-gauge, GPS and gravimetric evidence advanced in favour of, or against, continuing land uplift around Hudson Bay, Canada. We also reanalyse the tide-gauge and GPS data for Churchill using longer time series than those available to previous investigators. The dependence of the mean rate of relative sea-level change obtained from the tide-gauge record on the length and mid-epoch of the observation interval considered is investigated by means of a newly developed linear-trend analysis diagram. For studying the shorter-period variability of the tide-gauge record, the wavelet transform is used. The mean rate of land uplift obtained from GPS is based on a new analysis using IGS solutions of GFZ. To include the post-glacial land uplift, sea-level indicators from the Churchill region representing the relative sea-level history during the past 8000 years are also used. Finally, the values of the four observables are jointly inverted in terms of mantle viscosity. The optimum values are ~3.2 × 10²⁰ Pa s and ~1.6 × 10²² Pa s for the upper- and lower-mantle viscosities, respectively.     

基于Excel的条件平差解算

在测量平差计算中,相当多的计算工作是矩阵转置、求逆、相乘等,人工解算容易出错,且现有各种平差软件一般均为过程隐含式的,不利于测量初学者掌握测量平差原理。探讨利用电子表格软件(Excel2003)的内置函数中的矩阵运算功能处理测量平差计算的方法,并以水准网条件平差的解算为例,介绍其使用方法及使用技巧,得到一些有益的结论。     

Integrated Navigation System and Experiment of a Low-Cost and Low-Accuracy SINS/GPS

When SINS (strap-down inertial navigation system) is combined with GPS, the observability of the course angle is weak. Although the course angle error is improved to some extent through Kalman filtering, the course angle still assumes a divergent trend. This trend is aggravated further when using low-cost and low-accuracy SINS. In order to restrain this trend, a method that uses AHRS to substitute for SINS course angle information is put forward aimed at the hardware component characteristic of the low-cost and low-accuracy SINS including AHRS (attitude and heading reference system) and IMU (inertial measurement unit). Real static and dynamic experiments show that the method can restrain the divergent trend of the navigation system angle effectively, and the positioning accuracy is high.     

三边网坐标概算的电算算法研究与实现

根据测边交会计算公式的特点,本文详细论述了一种方便、高效、自动化程度较高的三边网坐标概算的电算算法。这种算法既不需要输入辅助计算的多余数据,也不需要逐点判断解算的坐标正确与否。在只有两个已知点的情况下,这种算法只需一次人工干预就能正确地概算出控制点坐标。在有多于两个已知点的情况下,此算法不需要任何人工干预就能正确地解算出控制点坐标。     

数字地图合并的平差原理与方法

提出了一种基于最小二乘平差的数字地图合并方法，采用平差原理以求得实体调整合并后的空间位置。实验表明，与其他方法相比，该方法具有较高的精度，且较好地保持了原有实体的特征。     

部分参数有非负约束平差模型的一种新算法

研究了部分参数带有非负约束的平差模型,提出了一种新的处理部分参数附有非负约束的平差方法。该方法是先将非负约束的最小二乘问题转换成凸二次规划问题,然后求其最优解。通过模拟实例说明,此算法可以很好地应用于实际测量中的平差计算。     

参数调整对气象预测的B-P网络模型性能的影响

为了探索ＢＰ网络的参数调整特性,进行了参数α、β的选取对ＢＰ算法的收敛速度和模型的稳定性的影响研究。通过ＢＰ网络用于气象预测建模的参数调整个例分析表明：参数α、β的取值对ＢＰ模型的稳定性无显著影响,但参数值的调整尤其是β值的调整对建模的收敛速度有明显的影响。     

Current Convenience,Desperate Deforestation: Ghana's AdjustmentProgram and the Forestry Sector

Since the early 1980s, most Sub-Saharan African countries have resorted to structural adjustment programs to reform their ailing economies. Adjustment, however, may provide a convenient means for governments of the adjusting economies and international capital to meet their current economic and political interests, usually by sacrificing the physical environment, with huge environmental costs for the adjusting country. This paper uses Ghana's forestry sector, which has been characterized by a dramatic increase in woodexports since adjustment, to demonstrate a direct link between adjustment and environmental destruction. Ghana's dramatic increase in wood exports, involving a rapid and extensive deforestation, results from the government's need to meet its increasing external debt service obligations, and is exacerbated by the series of massive local currency devaluation required under adjustment “to get prices right.” The systematic reduction in government revenue from devaluation to amortize the increasing debts, keeps the government and indebted wood processing firms on a treadmill of export-based extraction/deforestation.     

秩亏自由网平差的一种新解法

提出秩亏自由网平差的一种新解法,只亲知道误差方程系数阵中ｔ０个线性无关的列向量,就能很快地得到最小二乘最小范数解,实际计算表明,这种新解法是简单有效的。     

电子经纬仪测量系统在偏置型抛物面天线检测中的应用

将电子经纬仪工业测量系统模拟摄影测量系统,把经纬仪水平角、垂直角观测值化算为虚拟像点坐标观测值,按摄影测量光束法平差进行二台或多台经纬仪间的系统定代间坐标解算,从而实现了经纬仪在任意姿态下的空间坐标测量功能。在光束法平差的基础上开发了中文版ＴＳＳＴ２．００工业测量系统软件。最后介绍了偏置型抛物面天线的数学模型和ＴＳＳＴ工业测量系统在其检测中的应用。