RUSLE及其影响因子的快速计算分析

RUSLE是目前应用最广泛的土壤侵蚀模型。虽然是一种经验模型,但是其影响因子计算仍然非常复杂,满足不了区域土壤侵蚀的快速提取要求。针对这种状况,文章在介绍RUSLE手册中每个影响因子计算方式基础上,分析总结了可进行快速计算的方法,实验表明,采用文章推荐的因子计算方式,可达到快速有效的目的。     

三峡库区巫山县翠屏小区岩溶引起的地质灾害危险性研究

三峡库区移民迁建中发现的岩溶问题是一个重大工程地质问题。巫山县城翠屏小区是较早发现有确切岩溶证据的地方,研究证实小区三叠系嘉陵江组灰岩普遍遭受了强烈的岩溶作用。不同部位具有不同的岩溶特点和强度,在纵向上,从山顶到坡脚岩溶作用有增强的趋势;从地表向深部,有局部强烈岩溶层位。岩溶作用在小区产生了顺坡或顺层延伸的溶洞和深部蜂窝状溶孔。岩溶作用在小区形成了脖颈状溶蚀槽地、槽状谷地、溶蚀台地和与地貌相关的"飞雁状"褶皱、岩溶正断层及帚状密集节理带。岩溶过程中伴随着其他外营力作用,它们的相互耦合形成各种次生岩土体。岩溶轻则引起岩体质量降低,重则可能导致地面不均匀沉降、地裂缝、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流及地面塌陷地质灾害。     

鄂尔多斯盆地黄陵、东胜地区地温场对比

鄂尔多斯盆地黄陵、东胜铀矿区分别处于盆地南部渭北隆起的北侧边缘和盆地北部伊盟隆起的东部,赋矿层位都是中侏罗统直罗组。盆地南、北铀矿区在现今地温场及古地温场都存在明显差异,南部现今大地热值及热演化程度明显高于北部。对于下侏罗统延安组和石炭—二叠系煤层,黄陵地区镜质体反射率都高于东胜地区。通过镜质体反射率资料得出同一埋深的一套地层经历的最大古地温和对应的古地温梯度也有南部高于北部的现象。由于早白垩世后期盆地普遍整体抬升使得现今地温相对古地温降低,南部黄陵地区抬升剥蚀量大于北部东胜地区,导致古、今地温差异也大于后者。盆地南部庆阳—富县一带局部构造热运动,导致南部异常地温场的形成,使得南部热演化程度高于北部。     

First finds of Late Tithonian and middle-late Albian radiolarian assemblages in volcanogenic-siliceous rocks of the Amur River right lower reaches and their tectonic significance

The lithological-stratigraphic study of volcanogenic-siliceous rocks developed on the left side of the Machtovaya River, a right tributary of the Amur River, yielded the first radiolarian assemblages of the late Late Tithonian, the late Late Tithonian-early Valanginian, and the middle-late Albian age. It is established that the stratigraphic succession of volcanogenic-siliceous rocks in this area is composed of upper Tithonian-Valanginian dark red to red-brown cherts with basalts in the lower part of the section and Albian dark gray clayey cherts, olive-gray siliceous-tuffaceous argillites, and tufaceous siltstones in its upper part. The replacement of cherts by their clayey varieties likely occurred in the Aptian. The composition, structure, and age of these strata and the rocks constituting the Kiselevka-Manoma accretionary complex are different, which indicates their different tectonic origin.     

A new concept of pedogenic nodule formation in landscapes of the Russian Far East

The typification of ferromanganese nodules (FMN) formed in subaqueous and subaerial settings and in residual materials, as well as FMN localization in various sediments and soils, is discussed. The genetic diversity of morphologically similar FMN and the transformation of FMN-bearing complexes with changes in landscapes have been established.     

Paleomagnetic studies of the Late Mesozoic deformation stage in the southern Primorye region

The analysis of paleomagnetic data available for the southern Primiorye region revealed that the studied objects were magnetized under regional remagnetization presumably during the Late Mesozoic folding and this magnetization can be interpreted as being synfolding. The interpretation is based on the parameter that characterizes the folding completion degree immediately before regional remagnetization. It is shown that the relaxation of Late Mesozoic horizontal stresses was irregular. The obtained estimates of the degree of folding completion are consistent with the available geological data and Talitskii’s model for tectonic deformations.     

北京及邻区微震活动的初步分析

通过对北京遥测地震台网近年来记录到的北京及邻区地震的震中分布,地震活动频度及能量释放强度的分析,得到本区地震活动在时间分布上具有“聚堆性”。在年发震频度,地震强度和能释放方面均具有双峰值特征,并且具有较好的一致性和同步性,在空间分布上具有条带特征,且形成北东～南西和北西～南东的两条相互交汇的条带。又通过统计分析得到本区发震概率最大的时间段是每年的１０月前后,而地震主要发生在北西～南东带上。     

The developmental characteristics and strategic ideas of urbanization in China

Since cities and towns are places where those nonagricultural industries are centralized, urbanization is greatly interrelated with industrialization and de-agriculturalization. By means of this kind of interrelationship, Chinese urbanization level may be estimated with the formulas: P1=I1/I0/u0, Pr = N1/N0/u0. The urbanization after the founding of the People's Republic of China can be divided into the following 5 stages: the stage at the out set of industrialization (1949-1957); the high-speed urbanization stage (1958-1960); the first counter-urbanization stage (1961-1965); the second counter-urbanization stage (1966-1976); and the high-speed urbanization stage (1978-now). The characteristics of Chinese urbanization are: the industrialization launched by the government; the simultaneous development of urbanization of cities and urbanization of rural areas; the quite low capability of urbanization to absorb nonagricultural labor force; the incoordinate development of cities, etc. Before establishing a     

快速城镇化进程中珠江三角洲高铵地下水赋存环境及驱动因素

地下水中高浓度的铵态氮对生活饮用水安全及生态环境存在潜在威胁。相比较硝态氮，高浓度的铵态氮不仅有各种人为来源，天然沉积环境更是造成高铵地下水的主要成因。本文以城镇化快速发展的珠江三角洲为研究区，运用数理统计、主成分分析等方法深入探讨了研究区高铵地下水的赋存环境特征及驱动因素。结果表明，研究区地下水中NH₄⁺质量浓度介于未检出~180 mg/L。研究区1539组地下水样品中，NH₄⁺质量浓度大于10 mg/L的高铵地下水69组，其中含NH₄⁺质量浓度大于30 mg/L的高铵"肥水"23组。对比2005-2008年历史水化学数据，2009-2018年新增建设用地孔隙含水层高铵地下水样品比例增加25%。高铵地下水呈斑块状分布于三角洲平原区第四系底部低洼的基底、洼地等退积层序发育的淤泥质含水层中。淤泥层等富含有机质和总有机碳的沉积层是珠江三角洲地区的"生铵层"，有机氮的矿化是三角洲平原区城市化孔隙含水层中高铵地下水的主要驱动力。城镇化扩张引起生活污水及富铵工业废水的泄漏入渗是城乡结合部高铵地下水铵氮的重要来源。三角洲平原区中性至弱碱性富含有机质的还原环境是高铵地下水的主要成因。风化溶滤、阳离子交换吸附、海陆交互作用是珠江三角洲高铵地下水质演变的主要水文地球化学过程。     

城乡一体化渐进式开发及发展模式研究--以成都市为例

城乡一体化成为当前研究的热点问题之一。成都市从2003年开始，在全市范围内开展城乡一体化试点，准确把握城乡一体化的发展模式，是顺利推进城乡一体化发展的重要一环。根据成都市城乡一体化发展的特点，采用回归方法预测了城市化发展水平，并借鉴国际城市和国内沿海城市的发展经验，提出成都市城乡一体化应采取的总体思路和发展模式，结合成都市城市化水平预测结果，提出其分阶段、分步骤实施的时间阶段。