西藏高原农户的投资行为——以达孜县为例

根据农户调查资料和有关的统计数据对西藏达孜县农户的投资行为进行了研究。结果表明：该县农户的投资主要以直接投资为主，间接投资所占的比重较低；在直接投资中，又以家庭经营投资和固定资产投资为主；农户对科技教育、文化娱乐方面的投资较少，而对宗教信仰方面的投资相对较多；其投资资金来源主要是自有资金。其次是银行贷款和其他资金，国家财政拨款所占的比重不大；受投资结构等因素的影响，该县农户的投资效益基本上呈农年降低趋势。     

Gender,Work, and Household Survival in South Indian Fishing Communities: A Preliminary Analysis

This article examines the interplay of gender, caste‐religion, and household survival strategy formation among Christian and Muslim fisher folk in the south Indian state of Kerala. The methodology consisted of surveys of forty‐one households in two villages in which data pertaining to male and female work patterns and other household level data were collected in the summer of 1999. My analysis demonstrates how particular ideologies of gender and work associated with different caste‐religion communities influence the strategies individual households adopt. I discuss intersections between gender and caste‐religion with other socioeconomic factors and illustrate the manner in which gender then gets reworked in particular ways in the course of economic transformation.     

无人机航测技术在风电场测图中的应用

本文提出了一种利用无人机航空摄影测量技术完成风电场测图的方法,利用该方法可以实现测区1∶2000地形图数据的生产。首先根据航摄区域和航线规划布设控制点、像控点、检查点,利用飞马F300无人机进行航摄作业获取航测数据,然后对数据进行预处理,按照标准格式导入Context Capture软件建立三维倾斜模型,通过EPS2016立体量测软件基于三维倾斜模型完成地形图数据的采集,对于模型变形的区域,利用MapMatrix软件进行数据采集与校核。利用安徽宿州风电场测图项目验证了该方法满足1∶2000大比例尺地形图精度要求。     

Agricultural performance on marginal land in Eastern Inner Mongolia,China – Development in the pre- and post-1978 reform periods

Rapid economic development in the aftermath of the Chinese post-1978 reforms has resulted in a shrinking of grain grown area in the southern and eastern regions of the country which in turn is believed to have put the marginal northern regions under increased pressure. This paper examines key indicators of agricultural performance as well as cultivated land area development of the pre- and post-1978 reform periods focusing on the agro-pastoral Tongliao City Prefecture, eastern Inner Mongolia. The results are related to the village level development through a case study as well as to the provincial level. Average annual grain per capita production increased from about 400 kg in the late 1970s to more then 1000 kg in the late 1990s. This was achieved through a combination of intensification and reclamation of cropland, with the latter restricted to pastoral classified counties. Production variability, in particular for the low producing counties, has also increased possibly as an effect of the substitution of traditional mixed pattern of crops with HYV monocultures. Average living standards have improved but have been accompanied by widening income gaps. Poor farmers’ livelihoods continue to be insecure, particularly during dry years. Concern is raised regarding the sustainability of the rapid agricultural development; an increased use of costly fertilisers constrains poorer farmer’s economy and may lead to deteriorating water quality while increasing irrigation depletes water resources.     

退耕还林政策实施的农户水土保持行为响应研究--以江西省丰城市梅林镇为例

农户水土保持行为与生态环境变化关系密切，分析农户水土保持行为响应机理对退耕还林政策的实施具有重要意义。通过对江西省丰城市梅林镇多元回归模型分析，结果表明：（1）农户水土保持行为与退耕还林实施力度、退耕地收入与退耕还林后补偿比重成正相关，与退耕补偿年限成负相关；（2）农户水土保持投入减少反映农户家庭收入结构发生变化：从农业为主的收入阶段向以非农业或农业与非农业收入为主的阶段转变；（3）退耕还林政策实施农户水土保持行为响应以效益引导型为主。据此，提出相关建议。     

Responding to the coffee crisis: a pilot study of farmers' adaptations in Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras

This article explores the impacts of market shocks and institutional change on smallholder livelihoods, and the challenge of adaptation in Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras. The rapid decline in coffee prices since the dissolution of the International Coffee Agreement in 1989 has had widespread and profound impacts across coffee-producing regions. The data collected in the three case studies of this project confirm the severity of the impact, particularly in the Mexican and Guatemalan communities. They also illustrate the importance of the historical relationship between farmers and public institutions in defining farmers' perception of risk, their awareness of the nature of the changes they face, and thus the flexibility of their responses to present and future uncertainty. The project's findings indicate that the existence and development of local networks among farmers, service providers and information sources may be critical for facilitating adaptation, particularly in the context of economic liberalization and globalized agriculture.     

论土地整理概念的科学界定

土地整理是土地利用的一种发展趋势,目前已成为社会关注的焦点。然而,从国内外的研究情况来看,土地整理的概念、内容都不尽一致。理论上的混乱无疑会给实际工作造成诸多的困扰。本文从分析比较国内外对土地整理的不同观念出发,并结合我国实际,科学地提出了土地整理的经济学概念及确定这一要概念必须遵循的规律。     

作物水分生产函数与农田非充分灌溉研究述评

介绍作物水分生产函数国内外研究现状,把目前通用的各类模型归纳为最终产量模型和动态产量模型两大类,分析评述两类模型的特点及适用条件.此外,对作物水分生产函数的试验方法和试验处理设计作了介绍.     

Women in agriculture: advocates for a gendered sustainable agriculture

A gendered consideration of rural geography has been barely discernible within Australian and New Zealand literature. The notable exceptions in this case have illustrated the complexity and merit of studying the gender patterns and relations of rural life. Outside geography, there is an expanding literature on rural women in Australia. These works parallel significant developments in the lives and politics of rural and agricultural women themselves. This paper reports selected findings from a study of the women in agriculture movement in Australia. As such, it illustrates the increased awareness of the gendered conditions of farming. The women in agriculture movement works to increase the recognition of women's contribution to agriculture. In doing so it affirms the legitimacy of women farmers’ voices and perspectives. There will be no sustainable rural systems while half the rural population is unseen or unheard. Women in agriculture demonstrate a social dimension of sustainability. They highlight the need to integrate gender equity and a ‘wider‐than‐economic’ conceptualisation of sustainable agriculture. Their actions can stimulate rural geographers to further consider the social and political aspects of rural sustainability beyond the conventional farm/industry and community service sites we usually consider.     

居民对生活质量评估与区域经济发展的定量分析

通过对全国 1 5个省份 1 9个县 (市 )近万户调查数据的分析得出 :居民对自己生活状况的主观评价与区域经济发展水平并不呈现显著正相关关系 ;居民对自己生活状况的满意程度在城乡间、县际间存在一定差异 ,一般为城市高于农村。不同县域居民对影响其生活质量的主要因子的认识有很强的一致性。区域发展研究中 ,应当关注居民生活质量评估指标。