旅游发展对少数民族妇女家庭地位变迁的影响研究——基于云南石林五棵树村和月湖村的对比分析

民族村寨旅游业发展对少数民族妇女产生了深刻影响,过往研究仅限于少数民族妇女角色和旅游参与的简单阐述。在社会性别分析框架下,以云南石林旅游发展多年的五棵树村和未发展旅游的月湖村的撒尼妇女为研究对象,通过问卷调查和深度访谈,对比分析旅游发展对民族村寨妇女家庭地位的影响。研究发现:旅游发展使得少数民族妇女的当家权力、决策权力不断增强,夫妻共同当家、共同决定家庭事务、共同承担家务劳动成为旅游村寨村民的共识。     

中国人口家庭式迁移研究的知识图谱分析

随着“十四五”时期以人为核心的新型城镇化战略的深入推进,家庭式迁移作为现阶段中国人口迁移的主要模式,对加快实现流动人口市民化有着重要意义。文章采用文献计量方法和CiteSpace可视化技术对1996—2018年的452篇相关文献进行定量分析,绘制出研究的关键词、发文作者、发文机构的知识图谱,对国内家庭式迁移研究现状进行分析与总结。结果表明：①国内家庭式迁移研究总体呈现良好态势。研究热点持续升温,研究主题趋向多元化,并呈现多学科交叉的趋势。②研究作者群体呈现出总体分散、局部集中的特征,已形成一批学术代表,研究团队之间的合作度不高,学术交流有待加强。③研究机构主要是全国各地的高校和科研院所,机构之间的学术合作不够。④研究热点主要围绕家庭式迁移的过程、特征和影响因素,家庭式迁移与新型城镇化发展以及家庭式迁移带来的子女教育和就业问题等方面展开。未来相关研究应以流动家庭为核心,融入空间与地方、身体、日常生活实践和流动性等多理论视角,进一步加强人口家庭式迁移的社会文化维度的探讨与本土化理论的创新。     

缢蛏HAT基因家族的全基因组鉴定及在环境因子、细菌胁迫下的表达分析

组蛋白乙酰化酶(histone acetyltransferases, HATs)在机体发育和环境胁迫响应的调控中发挥着重要作用,但在海洋贝类中研究极少。缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)作为典型的滩涂双壳贝类,经常面临多种极端环境和细菌胁迫的挑战,基于全基因组和转录组数据系统分析了缢蛏HAT基因家族(ScHATs)的系统发育关系,以及它们在不同发育时期、不同环境因子和细菌胁迫下的表达模式。结果共鉴定出11个ScHATs基因,根据序列同源性分为GNAT、MYST和p300/CBP三类,每个亚家族中几乎所有的HAT都具有特定的保守结构域和保守基序。基因表达谱和qRT-PCR分析显示,ScHATs在幼虫发育前期表达量普遍高于发育后期;在氨氮胁迫下,ScKAT2B、ScKAT8、ScKAT9-2、Scp300在鳃中的表达量显著变化(P<0.05);在高温胁迫下,ScHATs在鳃和肝胰腺中表现出相似的表达模式,而Scp300在肝胰腺中的表达量显著降低(P<0.05);在副溶血弧菌胁迫下,ScHATs的表达均出现显著上调(P<0.05)。综上结果提示, Sc...     

Genetic parameters estimation for growth traits in cultured tiger pufferfish (fugu), Takifugu rubripes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic parameters of the growth performance of Takifugu rubripes. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated for body weight (BW), body length (BL), total length (TL), chest measurement (CM) and trunk length (TKL) of T. rubripes from measurements of progeny at 6 months and 12 months. The results showed that the heritability was 0.37 for BW6, 0.19 for BL6, 0.35 for TL6, 0.29 for CM6, 0.26 for TKL6, 0.36 for BW12, 0.26 for BL12, 0.25 for TL12, 0.31 for CM12 and 0.15 for TKL12. The range of genetic correlations estimated at 6 months was 0.025–0.725 and ?0.002–0.706 at 12 months. The results indicated that genetic improvement for faster growth rate or increased body weight in cultured T. rubripes was effective. Based on selection theory, the selection strategy for traits with medium heritability is flexible. Considering that these growth traits do not reach the high level of heritability, family selection should be expected. Given positive genetic correlations among BW, BL, TL, CM, and TKL at 6 months, the five traits could be improved simultaneously through selective breeding. As there was high genetic correlation only between BW12, BL12 and TL12, and negative correlations between TKL12 and BL12 as well as between CM12 and TL12, and only BW, BL and TL at 12 months could be improved simultaneously.     

Reconstruction of A Non-Stationary Potential of Gravitating System on Given Evolving Orbits

We study the problem of the reconstruction of a non-stationary space symmetrical regular planar potential of the gravitating system on a family of evolving types of orbits being used in the dynamics of stationary stellar systems. An application of such an inverse problem to the dynamical evolution of stellar systems with variable masses is given. The general form of the evolving orbit which we use when writing out the differential equations for non-stationary potential may also be interpreted as an osculating orbit of the perturbed Keplerian motion. In this case we are making an additional transformation of the basic equation of the problem and demonstrating an appropriate example of the construction of a non-stationary potential of a gravitating system. In connection with the stellar dynamical character of our inverse problem, we also give a generalized form of its basic equation in a rotating coordinate system.     

Monte Carlo Simulations of Oort Cloud Comets: the Influence of Mantle Blow-off on the Inclination Distribution of Jupiter Family

We have developed an efficient Monte Carlo method by which we can evaluate the evolution of comets. There are many poorly known evolutional parameters, and we have investigated the influence of these parameters on the final populations and the inclination distributions of short-period comets. We compare the observed and calculated inclination distributions of different comet populations and obtain a good fit for the inclinations of the Jupiter family comets by assuming a mantle blow-off and a sudden brightening of the comet when its perihelion distance is lowered in a major jump. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

尼罗罗非鱼(Tilapia nilotica)不同月龄数量性状遗传力估计

采用不平衡巢式配对的技术,构建尼罗罗非鱼(Tilapia nilotica)半同胞家系30个,估计尼罗罗非鱼数量性状的遗传力。分别对3、4、5月龄的所有家系的家系个体的体重、全长、体长、头长、躯干长、体高、尾柄长、尾柄高及体宽共9个数量性状进行测量,运用半同胞组内相关法估计尼罗罗非鱼3、4、5月龄数量性状的遗传力。结果表明,3月龄尼罗罗非鱼数量性状遗传力的估计值较大为0.73—0.21,4月龄尼罗罗非鱼数量性状遗传力的估计值为0.21—0.06,5月龄尼罗罗非鱼数量性状遗传力的估计值为0.25—0.05,尼罗罗非鱼各性状的遗传力随着月龄增长而减小,遗传力在3月龄最高,4月龄和5月龄较低并接近。本研究结果为进一步开展尼罗罗非鱼选择育种研究奠定基础。     

俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)家系构建及不同家系间生长性能比较

利用收集的两个俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)群体为材料,采用群体间杂交的交配策略,以人工授精技术和苗种标准化培育技术为方法建立了30个俄罗斯鲟全同胞家系。在相同养殖条件下对5月龄和14月龄所有家系进行了50尾个体体长、体重和家系存活率的测定,对不同家系和不同时期的生长、存活性状进行了比较分析。结果显示,俄罗斯鲟个体体重性状的变异系数高于体长性状的变异系数,5月龄、14月龄体重、体长的变异系数分别为30.02%、31.46%、9.59%、10.65%;不同俄罗斯鲟家系间生长速度具有显著性差异(P0.05),其中在5月龄阶段,F1205家系增重最快,比所有家系均值高40.21%,比增重最慢的家系高120.83%,表现出明显的生长优势,14月龄阶段,F1213家系增重最快,比所有家系均值高17.69%,比增重最慢的家系高60.64%,但不同月龄阶段俄罗斯鲟家系的特定增重率、绝对增重率及体重值排序并不一致;两个标准化养殖阶段俄罗斯鲟家系的平均养殖存活率较高,但变异系数较低,分别为3.15%、5.28%。本研究结果表明,俄罗斯鲟生长性状具有较大的遗传改良空间和选育潜力,并为下一步的遗传选育提供了选育材料。     

Quasi-satellites of Jupiter

Two asteroids 2001 QQ199 and 2004 AE9 and two comets P/LINEAR-Catalina and P/LINEAR are found to be quasi-satellites of Jupiter at present time. The Tisserand parameters of these four bodies lie between 2.3 and 2.5, which means two asteroids might be Jupiter family comets and will show a cometary’s activity in the near future.     

The Inverse Problem of Dynamics for Systems with Non-Stationary Lagrangian

We construct a non-stationary form of the Lagrangian of a material point with a known integral of motion and given monoparametric family of evolving orbits. An equation for non-stationary space symmetrical ‘potential’ function of such Lagrangian is given and this stands for the analog of Szebehely's (1974) equation. As an application of the problem, an integrable equation from celestial mechanics of variable mass with use of non-perturbed orbits of evolving type is constructed. On its basis adiabatic invariants of non-stationary two-body problem containing a tangential force are found. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.