Locational specificities of fertility transition in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has one of the lowest fertility rates among poor countries of the world. The fertility decline which began in the 1950s has held steady during the last four decades, despite low levels of economic development. Widespread use of contraception is the primary cause of the fertility decline. However, there is no one single homogenous body of people that can be characterized as a ‘modern’ contracepting population through which new methods of family planning have spatially diffused. There is evidence that the overall fertility decline began even before the establishment of the modern family planning program in Sri Lanka. Our analysis showed four broad regional regimes of fertility transition with considerable social and place-to-place differences in method-specific rates of contraception among them. Non-modern ‘traditional techniques’ of contraception which are widely used are an important part of fertility regulation. Sterilization is the most common method of modern contraception in all regions. Less than a tenth of the protected couples use methods such as the pill and the IUD; moreover, these methods are often discontinued after initial use. Traditional methods are an important part of the contraceptive mix in Sri Lanka, and it would be inadvisable to discourage the use of such practices. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

鲁西地区中生代沂南超单元基本特征

“七五”以来,鲁西地区开展的１∶５万和１∶２０万区调工作,对中生代侵入岩的研究逐步深入,建立了济南、铜石、埠村、沂南等超单元。本文对重新厘定的沂南超单元的基本特征及所属单元典型侵入体（命名地点）的特征作了初步介绍,并对这套中基性杂岩体的形成时代、就位机制、岩浆演化及与铜、铁、金矿化的关系进行了探讨。     

我国农业土地规模经营模式研究——基于西方资本主义雇佣型大农场的衰落及启示

随着城镇化的快速推进,我国农村人口不断减少,土地经营模式正发生着根本性变革。以提高农业土地经营效益为目的,采用文献统计和比较分析等研究方法,通过分析西方资本主义雇佣型大农场的衰落历程及原因,提出在我国当前人均耕地面积较少、就业压力较大的情况下,实施家庭承包经营、雇佣型大农场以及家庭农场并行的土地经营模式,最终实现家庭农场主导经营模式。研究结果表明:耕者有其田的家庭农场模式可以促进更多就业,避免马尔萨斯-李嘉图危机,有利于财富的公平分配和社会稳定。     

贫困动态的测度方法与演化机制

将贫困视为一个动态现象与过程逐渐成为学术界共识。尽管国内外相关成果丰硕,但迄今鲜有对贫困动态研究进行系统梳理。本文立足于现有文献,开展贫困动态研究的回顾与展望。首先,解析了贫困动态的内涵及类型;其次,分别从单维和多维角度归纳了贫困动态测度方法的原理、优缺点及数据来源;第三,从持续时间、家庭生命周期变化、代际传递和时空演变四方面系统梳理了贫困动态研究脉络;第四,基于经济学、社会学和地理学视角,分别从经济、发展和空间层面对贫困动态发生机制进行了解析。在对以上内容进行简要评述的基础上,展望了未来值得进一步探究的若干贫困动态议题,希望能够为贫困动态研究提供有益借鉴,并为巩固扶贫成果、完善扶贫政策提供理论支撑。     

基于家庭生命历程的北京郊区居民行为空间研究

郊区居民行为空间研究是解读郊区空间的重要方面之一,当前的研究多基于汇总的个体数据,从家庭层面出发的微观研究较少。本文运用质性研究方法,选取居住在北京五环至六环之间的3个不同类型的家庭开展实证研究,旨在通过以家庭为单元的行为空间研究,丰富对郊区居民行为空间的理解。研究发现：家庭的生命历程与家庭成员的日常行为之间存在一定的辩证关系。生命历程中的重要生命事件,包括迁居、就业选择、家庭结构变化、家内成员的社会角色变化等,会通过改变地理背景、移动性和家庭内部的责任分工,影响每一个成员的惯常活动模式。家庭内部的资源分配和时间安排形成了家庭成员一段时间内相对固定的行为模式,但当部分因素改变时,家庭也会通过一定的协调机制来响应家庭成员所遇到的制约,以便家庭成员能够更好的完成日常生活所需的各类活动。     

Ptismidae fam. nov. (Coleoptera,Staphyliniformia) from the Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber

Ptisma zasukhae gen et sp. nov. is described from the Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber and attributed to a new family Ptismidae fam. nov. with unclear position within the infraorder Staphylinoformia, hypothetically in the superfamily Staphylinoidea. This species is characterized by the rather small body size (0.59 mm) and structural similarities with different staphylinoid groups. The particular development of the legs of the new taxa shows some similarities with those of small and medium-sized jumping beetles from the superfamilies Scirtoidea, Buprestoidea, Tenebrionoidea, Chrysomeloidea and Curculionoidea. However, jumping beetles of these groups have strong femora and tibiae with large spurs and thick apical setae only on the posterior legs while P. zasukhae sp. nov. demonstrates such features on both mid and posterior legs. Another particularity of P. zasukhae sp. nov. is the unusual large femoral plate of metacoxae extending behind the suture between ventrites 2 and 3. Strong development of these structures are rare among Coleoptera and occurs in different taxonomic groups without close relationship. The studies were carried out with the usage of usual conventional light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy.     

家庭化迁移对流动人口职住关系的影响——以广州为例

流动人口家庭化迁移可能对其在城市的职住关系产生影响。本研究基于广州市居民日常出行调查数据,考察流动人口在不同家庭化迁移状态下的职住关系,并与本地市民进行比较。研究发现：广州市流动人口职住临近特征明显,但随着家庭化迁移程度提高,职住距离增长,并接近本地市民水平。相较于个体单独迁移,夫妻共同迁移由于难以同时实现职住临近,职住距离更长;子女和老人随迁情境下,流动人口职住区位郊区化特征明显,因为郊区能以较低成本满足家庭生活对住房和住区环境的更高要求,但该情境下整体职住距离增幅较小且不显著。多数家庭化迁移的流动人口仍存在不稳定流动特征,以租房为主,租金规避需求与环境提升需求并存,需要相关政策加以关注。     

Weiwoboidae fam.nov.of 'Higher' Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera:Fulgoromorpha) from the Eocene Deposits of Yunnan,China

<正>A new family of so-called‘higher' planthoppers,Weiwoboidae fam.nov.,from the Lower Eocene of Yunnan is described.A new monotypic genus,Weiwoboa gen.nov.,with Weiwoboa meridiana sp.nov.is also described and illustrated.The characters of tegmen venation of the new family,its evolution,and supposed relationships are briefly discussed.     

一个新的正规定则

证明了单位圆内亚纯函数族F,若不正规,则存在一个函数列在开平面上的任意紧子集上一致收敛于一个非常数的亚纯函数,并应用它得到一个新的正规定则:设F为区域D内的一亚纯函数族,若对每一f∈F,fnf′≠1(n≥2),则F在区域D内正规.     

凡纳滨对虾家系淡水耐受性状与生长性状的关系

本研究对亲本来自不同遗传背景的10个凡纳滨对虾家系进行了淡水应激试验和淡化培育试验,分别测定了其淡水应激存活率和淡化培育过程中的各项生长性状指标,并研究了凡纳滨对虾家系淡水耐受性与其淡化培育过程中生长性状的关系。结果显示:1)10个凡纳滨对虾家系淡水应激存活率存在极显著差异(p0.01),由高到低为TF-1(68%)DG-1(58%)HX-2(56%)SD-1(50.5%)TF-2(38%)=DG-2(38%)DF-1(35%)SD-2(34%)DF-2(33%)HX-1(27%);2)淡化培育过程中,10个凡纳滨对虾家系之间的淡化培育存活率由高到低为TF-1(51%)SD-1(44%)DG-1(40%)TF-2(36%)HX-2(29%)SD-2(25%)DG-2(20%)DF-2(17%)DF-1(16%)HX-1(13%),存在极显著差异(p0.01),体重增长率、特定生长率和体长增长率10个家系之间存在显著性差异(p0.05),而且不同家系的饵料系数之间也存在显著性差异(p0.05);3)获得的家系TF-1的淡水应激存活率(68%)、淡化培育存活率(51%)、体重增长率(17.54mg·d–1)、特定生长率(6.68)和体长增长率(0.53mm·d–1)都高于其他家系,饵料系数(0.82)与其他家系相比则最低;4)淡水应激存活率与淡化培育存活率及体长增长率存在极显著的相关性(r0.8,p0.01),与平均增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数存在一定的相关性(0.5|r|0.8,p0.05)。研究表明:凡纳滨对虾仔虾的淡水应激存活率反映了虾苗的耐淡能力,可作为选择淡化培育用虾苗的一个重要指标;家系TF-1为进一步选育出耐淡能力更强和生长更快的新品系提供了基础。