基于向量式有限元的黏滞阻尼减震结构抗竖向连续倒塌动力反应分析

向量式有限元是以向量力学为基础的一种新的结构分析方法,在处理结构大变形等复杂行为时具有较大的优势。基于向量式有限元理论建立了黏滞阻尼单元,对附加黏滞阻尼器的平面钢框架结构进行了抗竖向连续倒塌动力分析,结合拆除构件法,采用MATLAB编制可以考虑初始变形的瞬时卸载法程序,实现结构在构件拆除前的静力分析和构件拆除后动力分析的全过程统一。研究了阻尼器布置位置和参数在结构抗竖向连续倒塌中的性能需求,以失效点竖向位移时程曲线、梁端转角、动力放大系数和结构塑性铰分布为参考指标,对比分析布置阻尼器前后钢框架结构的抗连续倒塌能力。结果表明向量式有限元是一种研究结构竖向连续倒塌动力响应的有效方法,合理布置阻尼器能够有效控制剩余结构的变形和振动,降低构件内力,减少塑性铰个数,较大地提高结构的抗竖向连续倒塌能力。     

开挖卸荷对既有群桩竖向承载性状的影响分析

既有建筑下增层开挖对已有桩基础的影响不同于基坑开挖对坑内桩基的影响。基于工程实例验证的有限元参数,用硬化土弹塑性模型模拟土体,用接触面单元模拟桩土相互作用,建立了桩筏基础-地基-增层开挖三维有限元模型,对增层开挖后群桩基础的竖向承载性状进行研究。分析了桩顶刚度、桩身轴力、桩侧摩阻力、桩端阻比以及土体回弹的变化规律,并研究了不同桩端土体刚度和增层开挖深度对这些参数的影响。结果表明,增层开挖后群桩中不同基桩表现出不同的承载性状,增大桩端土体刚度可明显提高单桩承载力和端阻比临界值;随着增层开挖深度的增加,侧阻和端阻的发挥程度也随之提高。研究结果有望为地下室增层开挖施工中的结构托换变形控制和补桩设计提供依据。     

φ71 mm绳索取心铝合金钻杆的研制

介绍了国内外铝合金钻杆的研制现状,分析了绳索取心铝合金钻杆在地质钻探中的优势。对φ71 mm×5.5 mm绳索取心铝合金钻杆体与钢接头连接结构进行了详细设计。通过对试验钻杆进行静拉力、扭矩试验,得出了铝合金钻杆体与钢接头主要技术参数。     

From Chicago to L.A. and Back Again: A Chicago‐Inspired Quantitative Analysis of Income Distribution in Montreal*

In a recent issue of Urban Geography (2001) , a number of key players in the 1960s and 1970s school of quantitative urban geography (called Chicago II in this article) set out some of the approach's key methodological premises and assessed its influence in the wider arena of urban studies. At about the same time, the 1920s and 1930s Chicago School of urban sociology (called the Chicago School in this article) was being reassessed in France ( Huet 2000 ), and deconstructed in Los Angeles ( Dear 2001 ). In this article, we outline a selection of basic models of urban space proposed by the Chicago School and further elaborated by Chicago II. We then consider certain aspects of three important critiques: humanist/aesthetic, Marxist, and postmodern. We argue that none of these invalidates the Chicago II approach to the study of urban areas, and we demonstrate its resilience and usefulness by way of the empirical example of Montreal. Though the results are of interest in their own right, the principal purpose of the analysis is to illustrate the type of insight that a structured quantitative approach provides and the way this approach rests on a theoretical understanding of processes at work in cities. We conclude by arguing that the humanist and Marxist critiques shed important light upon the possibilities and limits of the Chicago II approach, but that the postmodern claim that the spatial development of urban areas is not structured by at least some general processes is inaccurate.     

灌区节水改造渠道防渗衬砌形式的探讨

通过近几年灌区节水改造工程中渠道衬砌的实施,探讨了酒泉市几种有代表性的渠道衬砌形式的运用现状和存在主要问题,并提出了解决途径和措施.     

Spatial and temporal variations in bank erosion on sand‐bed streams in the seasonally wet tropics of northern Australia

Bank erosion rates and processes across a range of spatial scales are poorly understood in most environments, especially in the seasonally wet tropics of northern Australia where sediment yields are among global minima. A total of 177 erosion pins was installed at 45 sites on four sand‐bed streams (Tributaries North and Central, East Tributary and Ngarradj) in the Ngarradj catchment in the Alligator Rivers Region. Bank erosion was measured for up to 3·5 years (start of 1998/99 wet season to end of 2001/02 wet season) at three spatial scales, namely a discontinuous gully (0·6 km²) that was initiated by erosion of a grass swale between 1975 and 1981, a small continuous channel (2·5 km²) on an alluvial fan that was formed by incision of a formerly discontinuous channel between 1964 and 1978, and three medium‐sized, continuous channels (8·5–43·6 km²) with riparian vegetation. The bank erosion measurements during a period of average to above‐average rainfall established that substantial bank erosion occurred during the wet season on the two smaller channels by rapid lateral migration (Tributary Central) and by erosion of gully sidewalls due to a combination of within‐gully flows and overland flow plunging over the sidewalls (Tributary North). Minor bank erosion also occurred during the dry season by faunal activity, by desiccation and loss of cohesion of the sandy bank sediments and by dry flow processes. The larger channels with riparian vegetation (East Tributary and Ngarradj) did not generate significant amounts of sediment by bank erosion. Deposition (i.e. negative pin values) was locally significant at all scales. Bank profile form and channel planform exert a strong control on erosion rates during the wet season but not during the dry season. Copyright © 2006 Commonwealth Government of Australia.     

梁子湖水体P的季节变化与沉积物P释放初步研究

采用分级测定的方法对梁子湖沉积物中无机磷酸盐进行了分析,测定了梁子湖水体P的季节变化,并以室内模拟的方法研究梁子湖沉积物在pH值和温度控制下P的释放特征。研究表明,梁子湖水体P的含量呈明显的季节变化,冬季高,夏季低。沉积物无机磷(P i)中以钙磷(Ca—P)为主(55%~61%),铁磷(Fe—P)次之(28%~33%),铝磷(A l—P)最少(3%~5%)。在梁子湖的入水口和出水口,由于沉积环境影响到P的形态,P的释放明显较湖心高。在试验初期,由于扰动的影响,使得P的释放在第1天比第2天和第3天高,其后P的释放量则迅速增加。温度对P释放影响明显,其具体表现为,30℃时P释放达到峰值的时间比4℃时提前4 d,而且前者峰值比后者高出9倍。pH值对沉积物P释放同样有明显的影响,与正常状态下的湖水条件(pH值为8.5)相比,偏酸(pH值为5.5)和偏碱(pH值为11.5)条件下,P的释放量增加。     

测老庙盆地水中铀的存在形式及其找矿意义

本文通过热力学的计算方法,确定了测老庙盆地水中铀的存在形式,分析了铀在水中的迁移规律和沉淀条件。并应用饱和指数的找矿机理,对测老庙盆地的找矿前景提出了水文地球化学依据。     

试论企业组织结构--电子商务企业与传统企业的比较

网络时代的到来，对传统企业的组织结构、运作模式、管理方法均提出了严峻的挑战。传统的企业组织结构是适应大工业生产而形成的等级组织结构形式，它有很大的局限性；电子商务企业的组织结构是适应网络社会而形成扁平化、双向多对多、以信息为基础的新型组织结构形式。电子商务企业以其组织结构扁平化和中空化，决策分散化，运作虚拟化，灵活高效为特点，它将成为传统企业在电子商务发展阶段变革的方向和目标。     

金刚石中分子氢的赋存状态研究

金刚石中分子氢的定向红外光谱研究表明在垂直于(100),(110)和(111)三个方向上所测得分子氢的浓度是不相同的,且不同样品中的变化趋势也不同,即分子氢在金刚石中的定向性不明显;MNDO法计算结果显示分子氢在金刚石中的稳定程度大小关系依次为沿〈111〉定向的键心与反键心组合(a.b+b.c)〉六角体空隙(H)〉四面体空隙(T1)〉菱形中心(C1＝C2)〉四面体空隙(T2).