旅游网站信息流距离衰减形态分异特征及其与网站功能的关系

应用10个样本旅游网站日均访问量的空间分布数据及网站功能资料,对样本旅游网站日均访问量与实际距离进行空间关系逆曲线拟合,进行距离衰减形态分异及其与网站功能相关性的研究。结果发现:1)旅游网站信息流距离衰减形态具有显著的波动性分异特征和地方性分异特征,随着旅游网站信息流距离衰减波动性分异特征从显著性到不显著性的变化,其距离衰减程度依次增强,其逆曲线衰减的符合程度依次上升;而随着旅游网站信息流距离衰减地方性分异特征由显著性到不显著性的变化,其距离衰减程度依次减弱,其逆曲线衰减的符合程度依次下降。表明不同网站间信息流距离衰减存在多样性变化。2)旅游网站信息流距离衰减形态的分异特征与旅游网站的主要功能之间关系密切:信息发布为主兼有预订功能的旅游网站距离衰减形态较为复杂;预订为主兼有信息发布的旅游网站和论坛为主的旅游网站距离衰减形态基本一致,波动性较小、地方性显著;政务为主的旅游网站距离衰减形态表现为波动性较大、地方性不显著的特征。依据旅游网站信息流距离衰减形态的规律,可指导旅游网站服务功能的建设和组织不同距离上的旅游流。     

中国生态交错带（英文）

生态交错带（Ecotone）是指两个群落或两类生态系统之间的过度带,具有脆弱、敏感和易变等特性。20世纪70年代以来,在典型生态系统研究的基础上,生态交错带逐步成为生态学研究的重点。中国地域广阔,地质、气候、植被等生态类型复杂多变,蕴育了不同类型、不同尺度和不同规模的多种生态交错带,不仅为科学研究奠定了广阔空间,而且对我国经济、社会发展,以及文化多样性保护具有重要支撑作用。本文根据我国大尺度下生态交错带的地理分布及其生态环境特点,构建了以土地利用类型、自然气候特征和农业经济发展＂三位一体＂指标体系,并以此为依据对中国典型生态交错带进行了划分和空间分布范围的界定;在此基础上,分别对北方森林草原交错带、北方农牧交错带、西北荒漠绿洲交错带、西南川滇农林牧交错带和东部海陆交错带的动态变化、基本特征和存在问题进行了研究,对全面认识我国生态交错带自然演变规律,促进区域生态环境保护和优化经济发展具有重要意义。     

贵港市气象科技服务发展存在的问题与对策

通过对贵港市气象科技服务现状和存在问题的分析总结,提出发展气象科技服务的建议和措施。     

基于Voxler平台的成矿数据三维可视化研究与应用—以安徽马头铜钼矿为例

在系统统计分析的基础上,基于Voxler平台对安徽马头铜钼矿矿区品位数据建立三维矿化模型,系统研究矿化体在不同边界品位下的空间展布形态,确定矿床的天然边界品位;通过多角度剖切、矿化-岩性耦合模型、三维矿化梯度分析等工作,基本确定了矿体的空间展布形态和就位空间,划分出2个主要矿体。通过Voxler软件对矿床矿化数据三维建模及成矿控矿因素的应用研究,实现了一条快捷仿真模拟矿化体立体空间分布的有效途径。     

Catchment properties,function, and conceptual model representation: is there a correspondence?

This study investigates the possible correspondence between catchment structure, as represented by perceptual hydrological models developed from fieldwork investigations, and mathematical model structures, selected on the basis of reproducing observed catchment hydrographs. Three Luxembourgish headwater catchments are considered, where previous fieldwork suggested distinct flow‐generating mechanisms and hydrological dynamics. A set of lumped conceptual model structures are hypothesized and implemented using the SUPERFLEX framework. Following parameter calibration, the model performance is examined in terms of predictive accuracy, quantification of uncertainty, and the ability to reproduce the flow–duration curve signature. Our key research question is whether differences in the performance of the conceptual model structures can be interpreted based on the dominant catchment processes suggested from fieldwork investigations. For example, we propose that the permeable bedrock and the presence of multiple aquifers in the Huewelerbach catchment may explain the superior performance of model structures with storage elements connected in parallel. Conversely, model structures with serial connections perform better in the Weierbach and Wollefsbach catchments, which are characterized by impermeable bedrock and dominated by lateral flow. The presence of threshold dynamics in the Weierbach and Wollefsbach catchments may favour nonlinear models, while the smoother dynamics of the larger Huewelerbach catchment were suitably reproduced by linear models. It is also shown how hydrologically distinct processes can be effectively described by the same mathematical model components. Major research questions are reviewed, including the correspondence between hydrological processes at different levels of scale and how best to synthesize the experimentalist's and modeller's perspectives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

迁徙中的承袭、交融与分异——广东客家建筑与聚落形态时空发展解析

客家是一支在一定时期内处于流迁状态的民系。在其迁徙过程中,宗族组织化的群体自身的文化惯性对撞地理环境与社会环境的差异,使客家民系对于生存空间关系的处理呈现多样的态度。为厘清广东主要客居地内不同传统客家村居形态之间的关联性及其发展脉络,本研究从类型学角度,分别在微观建筑形态与中观聚落格局两个层面,依据关键空间属性来划分空间形制的基本类型,并整理比较建筑类型与聚落类型的地理分布。而后,从历史地理学角度挖掘客家民系在广东省内的流迁历程,并顺沿多条流迁动线分别探讨不同建筑类型、不同聚落类型之间的承袭、交融与分异关系,进而得出以下结论：① 在“建筑”与“聚落”两个尺度层面上的空间营造活动中,建筑形制决策倾向于依附民系内生文化,聚落模式决策倾向于呼应局域地区的社会经济与自然环境;② 在沿迁徙路径的时空推移过程中,主要建筑类型沿主干河流由上游向中下游传播承袭,韩江水系和东江水系之间的支线水陆途径促进了建筑类型在规模、围合防卫程度、聚合组织形式等方面的渐变过渡;③ 相对于客家文化核心区,“广府-客家”“福姥-客家”文化锋面上客家建筑“中轴”对空间组织的主导力发生急剧弱化,意味着宗族组织出现扁平化的变化态势,主要表现为该地带宗族“房系”发达度下降,以及宗祠的经济文化凝聚力衰退;④ 从空间概念的历时性承袭与发展视角来看,空间形态控制性基因应为明确的“属性”化因子,而非具象化要素,聚居空间的基因分析,应当分别基于“人”“地”的不同线索,探索不同尺度人居空间形态的控制因子。     

郑州市市区风环境模拟研究

城市风环境是城市微气候研究的一个重要方向,对分析城市热岛效应、空气流通等具有重要意义。本文以郑州市市区为例,使用1971—2018年气象观测数据、2018年建筑分布数据（OSM）和2016年资源三号卫星数据作为数据源,通过运用气象学和GIS技术结合的方法,探究潜在通风廊道,科学量化城市形态对风环境的影响。研究首先借助WindNinja软件,对城市背景风环境进行模拟分析,该计算方法提高了风道定位的精度。然后利用卫星遥感数据制作了数字高程模型（DSM）,结合OSM计算下垫面地表粗糙度。进一步借助ArcGIS软件,利用最小成本路径法（LCP）确定城市潜在通风廊道的位置。结果表明：① 郑州市近年来平均风速缓慢下降,平均每10年下降0.26 m/s;全年主导风向东北风进入城市后受城市形态影响在京广铁路线附近以西逐渐转为东北偏东风,其中在京广快速路以东风速较高,在京广快速路以西风速较低;② 金水区西部、中原区、二七区以及管城区的地表粗糙度较高,通风环境较差;金水区东部和惠济区的地表粗糙度较低,通风环境较好;③根据盛行风向模拟的潜在通风廊道,其共同特点是趋向于低粗糙度的地区。     

Relationships between Genetic Diversity of Vascular Plant Species and Climate Factors

Genetic diversity is crucial for plants to respond to global climate change, and exploring relationships between genetic diversity and climatic factors may help predict how global climate change will shape the genetic diversity of plants in the future. So far, however, the extent and magnitude of the impact of climatic factors on the genetic diversity of plants has not been clarified. We collected data from 68 published papers on two widely used measures of genetic diversity of populations (average expected heterozygosity (He) and average observed heterozygosity (Ho)) and on localities of populations of 79 vascular plants, and extracted data on 19 climatic factors from WorldClim. We then explored the relationships between measures of genetic diversity and climatic factors using linear regressions. He of plant populations was significantly correlated with climatic factors in 58.7% (44) of the 75 species that used He as a measure of genetic diversity, and Ho was correlated with climatic factors in 65.1% (41) of the 63 species that used this genetic diversity measure. In general, Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, Precipitation Seasonality, Precipitation of Driest Quarter and Temperature Seasonality played a vital role in shaping He, and Ho was mostly correlated with Precipitation of Warmest Quarter, Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, Precipitation of Driest Quarter and Precipitation of Driest Month. Also, the proportion of the significant correlations between genetic diversity of populations and climatic factors was higher for woody than for herbaceous species, and different climatic factors played different roles in shaping genetic diversity of these two growth forms. Our results suggest that climate may play an important role in shaping genetic diversity of plant populations, that climatic change in the future may alter genetic diversity of plants, and that genetic diversity of different plant forms may respond to climatic change differently.     

南极长城站和中山站降水形态变化特征的研究

利用南极长城站1985—2015年和中山站1989—2015年的天气现象记录和日平均气温资料,分析两站降水、降雨和降雪日数的长期变化特征及其变化趋势,并讨论了长城站降水形态变化与当地气温和阿蒙森低压变化的联系。结果表明：长城站降水日数较多,年总降水日数为236~343 d,有增加的趋势,变化速率为4.51 d/10a;其中降雨日数为74~185 d,降雪日数为157~282 d,增加的速率分别为2.68 d/10a和1.25 d/10a。而中山站年降水日数较少,年总降水日数为104~173 d,有减小的趋势,变化速率为-1.30 d/10a,中山站全年气温几乎都在0℃以下,降雨稀少,降雪为主要的降水形态。长城站年平均气温和降雨日数与总降水日数的比值（雨日比）显著正相关,在增温速率较大的秋季（3—5月),雨日比也显著增加(4.36%/10a)。降水形态受气温的影响很大,随着气温升高,长城站年降水日数中降雨日数的比重增加。秋季阿蒙森低压经向中心的东移有利于暖湿气流吹向南极半岛,也促进了降雨的发生。