The petroleum evaluation of a tectonically complex area: The western margin of the Southeast Basin (France)

The Southeast Basin of France is the thickest onshore French sedimentary basin which contains locally as much as 10 km of Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediment. Basin development occurred in several stages between late Carboniferous and late Cretaceous times. Partial tectonic inversion took place during two compressive events, the so-called ‘Pyrenean’ and ‘Alpine’ phases of late Cretaceous-early Tertiary and late Tertiary ages respectively. They are separated by an intervening stretching event of Oligocene age, which further south resulted in the opening of the western Mediterranean oceanic basin. As a result of this complex tectonic history, structural traps were difficult to image on the seismic data shot during the first phase of exploration prior to 1980. Oil and gas natural seeps, and shows in several wells, indicate that some petroleum systems are, or have been active, at least in some places.The present erosional western margin of the basin is more or less superimposed on the initial Triassic-Jurassic margin. Margin subsidence and Tertiary inversion are discussed using regional sections on which the polyphase history of the entire basin is well shown. These sections are located on three major segments where the Mesozoic margin is either partly preserved (Ardèche), or has been partly inverted in late Tertiary times (Vercors-Chartreuse), or has been completely inverted in early Tertiary times (Corbières-eastern Pyrenees). 1-D ‘Genex’ basin modelling on the Ardèche segment, and 2-D ‘Thrustpack’ structural-maturity modelling in the Vercors-Chartreuse segment are used to further assess the remaining petroleum plays.     

Errors and correction of precipitation measurements in China

In order to discover the range of various errors in Chinese precipitation measurements and seek a correction method, 30 precipitation evaluation stations were set up countrywide before 1993. All the stations are reference stations in China. To seek a correction method for wind-induced error, a precipitation correction instrument called the ＂horizontal precipitation gauge＂ was devised beforehand. Field intercomparison observations regarding 29,000 precipitation events have been conducted using one pit gauge, two elevated operational gauges and one horizontal gauge at the above 30 stations. The range of precipitation measurement errors in China is obtained by analysis of intercomparison measurement results. The distribution of random errors and systematic errors in precipitation measurements are studied in this paper. A correction method, especially for wind-induced errors, is developed. The results prove that a correlation of power function exists between the precipitation amount caught by the horizontal gauge and the absolute difference of observations implemented by the operational gauge and pit gauge. The correlation coefficient is 0.99. For operational observations, precipitation correction can be carried out only by parallel observation with a horizontal precipitation gauge. The precipitation accuracy after correction approaches that of the pit gauge. The correction method developed is simple and feasible.     

惠民凹陷南坡石炭二叠系煤层二次生气模式

利用开放体系程序升温热模拟实验方法,对惠民凹陷南坡石炭—二叠系煤岩样品的热演化规律进行了研究,建立了该区石炭二叠系含煤地层有机质的生气模式,探讨了影响二次生气潜力的各种主控因素,为准确评价其资源潜力和计算远景资源量奠定了基础,对渤海湾盆地其他类似地区煤型气勘探具有指导意义。     

云浮硫铁矿矿山地质环境问题及对策分析

云浮硫铁矿已开采多年,但开采中带来了一系列环境问题。本文通过对矿区进行的地质环境综合评价,查明了主要矿山地质环境存在的问题,并分析了其原因;利用敏感因子—综合分值评价法,对云浮硫铁矿矿山地质环境质量进行分区,提出了矿山地质环境恢复治理建议,最大程度的降低矿山开采对地质环境的不利影响,努力构建"和谐矿区,和谐社会",促进生态环境、经济和社会的协调可持续发展。     

威海市杨家滩水源地地下水资源评价

本文分析了威海市杨家滩不源地第四系冲洪积－海相沉积物分规律和水文地质特征；在此基础上，应用有限单元方法进行了地下水量评价和预测水源地地下水位的变化趋势；提出了最优开采方案。     

长江口邻近海域溶解态铝的分布及季节变化

基于2006年6、8、10月对长江口邻近海域的大面调查资料,分析了溶解态Al的分布及季节变化,讨论了水团混合、悬浮颗粒物及浮游植物水华对溶解态铝分布的影响。结果表明,3个航次溶解态铝的水平分布规律相似,都是近岸浓度最高,随着离岸距离的增加浓度降低,6、8、10月溶解态Al的平均浓度分别为(119±77)、(109±80)和(138±73)nmol/L,统计结果表明该海域的溶解态铝具有明显的季节变化。影响溶解态铝分布的主要因素有水团混合、底沉积物的再悬浮以及浮游植物的调节作用。     

廊固凹陷近岸水下扇特征及控制因素

通过对廊固凹陷18口井541 m岩心的系统观察、156口井测井序列的建立、1km×1 km三维地震测网密度的地震相识别,分析了该沉积体系的相带展布特征。该砂砾岩层总体趋势为向上厚度减薄、层数减少,共识别出5期扇体,多呈条带状沿大兴断层断面分布,每期之间发育稳定的暗色泥岩段。该近岸水下扇的形成受3级层序、大兴断层、古构造、古气候、古地形以及物源供给等多种因素的控制。3级层序的发育特点、大兴断层的分段活动以及特殊的物源供给背景因素的匹配对近岸水下扇形成起到决定性作用。2~3期扇体扇中分布范围广,储集条件好,是凹陷下一步开发工作的有利目标。     

Harmful microalgae blooms (HAB); problematic and conditions that induce them

HAB occurrence is becoming more frequent and problematic in marine recreational waters. However, the exploitation of the coastal area for recreational use is promoting the necessary conditions for the HAB increase. In terms of the harmful effects, we can consider two types of causative organism: the toxic producers and the high-biomass producers. Toxic events can be produced by a very low concentration of the causative organism. This characteristic implies a difficulty for the monitoring programs in relation to human health. It is important to point out in the context of human health and HAB events, that in some coastal regions (e.g. the Mediterranean basin) HABs are an emerging problem. In these regions, the local population and visitors may face a health risk that is difficult to measure. The monitoring of toxic species has mainly been associated -with shellfish farming. However, the risk of intoxication could become even greater in areas not subject to legislation of aquaculture activities.     

松嫩平原地下水脆弱性模糊综合评价

运用基于DRASTIC的模糊综合评价方法,对松嫩平原潜水的脆弱性进行了评价。分析了松嫩平原地下水环境脆弱性的主要影响因素,建立准确、适宜和完整的评价指标体系,确定最主要的7个水文地质参数。将研究区划分为75个评价单元,构建各单元归属于各个级别的最优相对隶属度矩阵,得出松嫩平原脆弱区和较脆弱区主要分布在王府-伏龙泉高台地、各条主要河流两岸及其较大支流河漫滩、低阶地以及中部的低平原地区;高平原地区和五大连池的玄武岩地区为难污染区和略难污染区的结论。     

上海地区单桩水平承载力的若干影响因素研究

结合上海软土地区12个场地57根单桩水平静载荷试验,研究建筑桩基单桩在水平荷载作用下的受力特点。根据试验实测数据,探讨不同桩径、不同试验加载方法及灌芯对预应力空心桩受力性状影响等因素,认为建筑工程中,可选择桩径较大或者采用在桩顶一定范围内扩大桩径的做法进行单桩水平承载力优化设计,试验加载方式建议可采用单向单循环恒速水平加载法,预应力空心桩顶部灌芯可作为水平承载力的安全储备,为软土地区类似工程的单桩水平承载力的设计和理论研究提供参考。