中国海外移民类型及移民族群特征探讨

中国人移民海外历史悠久,近百余年来规模最大,至今已超过3000万人。中国海外移民对许多国家和地区的社会经济发展产生了重要影响。文章概要回顾了近代中国各类型海外移民的历史,分析了海外移民的世界分布格局及其形成原因。在揭示海外移民为当地资源开发、经济发展、社会进步、民族独立作出重要贡献基础上,对华人族群民族意识、文化属性、传统华人社会结构、双重认同、不同地域华人族群特色以及海外移民不同程度融入所在国主流社会的类型等进行了研究。文章强调,当前对不同地域华人族群所居地位和作用,应加深理解,在振兴中华进程中,国家应高度重视这一族群能力的发挥。     

Multidimensional social trust and regional entrepreneurial activities: Based on data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS)北大核心CSCD

社会信任作为非正式制度环境的核心构成要素对区域创业活动有复杂而重要的影响。由于社会距离、交往对象的不同,社会信任在表现形式和作用机制方面差异明显,但现有研究鲜有关注社会信任不同维度对区域创业的影响。论文从普遍信任、亲缘信任、制度信任3个维度构建社会信任框架,利用中国家庭跟踪调查(CFPS)2012、2014、2016、2018年4期面板数据和企业工商注册信息微观数据进行实证分析,研究发现：(1)在全国尺度,亲缘信任显著提高了区域创业活跃度,而普遍信任、制度信任对区域创业活跃度的作用不明显。(2)交互效应结果显示,普遍信任、亲缘信任与经济发展之间存在替代效应;普遍信任与政府干预互为补充,政府干预越弱,普遍信任对区域创业的激励作用越强;而制度信任与政府干预表现为相互促进的互动关系,共同促进了区域创业活跃度。(3)分样本异质性检验表明,东部地区创业活跃度对社会信任的依赖度较弱;中西部地区创业活跃度受到普遍信任、亲缘信任的积极影响;政商关系良好城市的创业活跃度受到制度信任的促进作用,创业政策红利得到有效释放;在政商关系普通城市,普遍信任能够显著促进创业,激发创业活力。研究证实了不同维度社会信任...     

海外潮人文学刍论

语言是文学的工具,海外华文文学就是以其使用工具之文字国别来划分的。海外潮人文学作为海外华文文学大家庭的一分子,在文字国别上,选取的也主要是用华文作为表达工具而创作的文学,但它与海外华人文学一样,并不排除用其他国别文字作为表达工具。从文化人类学的事业考察,海外潮人文学与海外华人文学注重的都是其海外华人这一创作主体,是具有中华文化传统和海外各国各地区文化特色的海外华人。而海外华文文学则不限制创作主体的人类文化种属。海外潮人文学是海外华人文学的一部分,与海外华文文学一样,都是大中华文化圈里催生出来的文学。略为区别的是,它是由一种地域范畴的人文现象——潮人文化产生的,是中华大文化圈里的潮人文化催生出来的一种类族群文学。     

BRAZILIAN IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES AND THE GEOGRAPHICAL IMAGINATION*

ABSTRACT. In the late 1980s more than 1 million Brazilians left Brazil without returning. Today an estimated 2 million Brazilians live abroad, 1.2 million of them in the United States. In this article I show that Brazilians migrate for a variety of reasons, including the geographical imagination. Why are so many Brazilians leaving for the United States? What are their geographical imaginations, and how are they described in their migration process? Using primary and secondary data and multiple methods, I address these questions by providing insights into Brazilian migrants' place perceptions, experiences, and reasons for migrating, focusing on the geographical imagination. Those migrants who end up returning to Brazil are more likely to cite financial and curiosity reasons for having migrated. A web of transnational religious and social networks sustains those immigrants who remain in the United States. Reasons for migrating are not economic alone; rather, they are based on interrelated and complex factors that range from adventure to curiosity, the cultural influence of the United States, family members, education, and escape.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Unfairly Structured Cities . Blair Badcock Religion and Rural Revolt . Janos M. Bak and Gerhard Benecke The Industrial Geography of Canada . Anthony Blackbourn and Robert G. Putnam The Cuban-American Experience, Culture, Images, and Perspectives. Thomas D. Boswell and James R. Curtis Quaternary Paleoclimatology . R. S. Bradley Development and Crisis in Brazil, 1930–1983 . Luiz Bresser Pereiras Centres of Origin in Biogeography . John C. Briggs Analytical Urban Geography . Martin Cadwallader Geomorphology . Richard J. Chorley , Stanley A. Schumm, and David E. Sugden South Africa: The Impact of Past Geographies . A. J. Christopher The Geography of Underdevelopment. A Critical Survey . D. K. Forbes Health Care in Developing Countries . Wilbert M. Gesler Place to Grow Old: The Meaning of Environment in Old Age . Stephen M. Golant The Emerging Marine Economy of the Pacific . Chennat Gopalakrishnan An Introduction to Agricultural Geography . David B. Grigg The Soviet Union: A Geographical Study . G. Melvyn Howe Geographical Aspects of Health: Essays in Honour of Andrew Learmonth . N. D. Mc Glashan and J. R. Blunden Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation . Tom L. Mc Knight Mountain Experience. The Psychology and Sociology of Adventure. Richard G. Mitchell Jr . Systematic and Regional Biogeography. Stanley A. Morain The Economic Transformation of American Cities. T. J. Noyelle and T. M. Stanback , Jr . Normal Accidents: Living With High-Risk Technologies. Charles Perrow Vanishing Farmland: A Legal Solution for the States. Sarah E. Redfield Applied Methods of Regional Analysis: The Spatial Dimensions of Development Policy. Dennis A. Rondinelli Urbanization in Romania. A Geography of Social and Economic Change Since Independence. Per Ronnas Statistical Techniques in Geographical Analysis. Gareth Shaw and Dennis Wheeler The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design. Anne Whiston Spirn Political Geography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Peter Taylor and John House Geographia y Medio Ambiente. Manuel Valenzuela -Rubío Nãgara and Commandery: Origins of the Southeast Asian Urban Traditions. Paul Wheatley The Common Fisheries Policy of the European Community. Mark Wise Geography and Gender. Women and Geography Study Group of the IBG Technological Hazards. D. J. Zeigler , J. H. Johnson , S. D. Brunn     

跨境流动视阈下的节庆文化与民族认同研究——中越边境苗族花山节案例

边界是分割不同政治实体的界线,但国家对于边界的管治往往是有弹性的,因而孕育了丰富的“流动”,成为经济融合、社会交流与文化对话的重要场域。跨境民族是受其影响的典型群体,他们在原本生活区域被分隔的情况下,从未间断过跨境流动。总体来看,跨境流动过程中的文化认同及其形成机制是多元复杂的。本文以云南省河口县中越边境地区的苗族花山节为研究切入点,通过质性研究方法探讨节庆所折射的民族文化认同与国家认同的建构过程。研究发现：跨界的流动性加强了民族文化的交流与认同,共同促成了花山节的文化传承,维系了跨境民族的亲缘关系。这样的跨界流动亦强化了边界所形成的发展轨迹差异的感知,从而增强了中国籍苗族边民的国家认同与国家自豪感。     

Modelling the spatial dynamics of Mainland China-born migrants in Australia

Over the past two decades, migration from Mainland China (MC) to Australia has become increasingly significant. In contrast to previous migrant waves, post-2000 MC-born migrants in Australia are more likely to be highly skilled and/or financially independent, and often migrate under skilled, business and investment visa programs. Though scholarship has explored various facets of MC-born migrants’ settlement in Australian cities, the spatial dynamics of settlement, and change over time associated with these shifts in socio-economic profile, have remained unexplored. This paper draws on three census periods, and employs a local indicator of spatial autocorrelation together with a geographically weighted regression. We conclude that the settlement patterns of MC-born migrants in Australia do not follow the ‘straight-line’ assumptions of spatial assimilation theory, nor are they tied explicitly to socio-economic factors in the majority of capital cities. Instead, the settlement patterns of MC-born migrants vary by city: Sydney and Melbourne display the most spatially segmented settlement patterns; while Adelaide and Perth exhibit increasing levels of concentration as the number of MC-born migrants grows. Results indicate that while MC-born migrants are somewhat likely to cluster at the early stage of group formation, within-group spatial patterns are articulated by social attributes as the group grows in size and significance in a metropolitan context.     

农村人口流动中的“人地关系”与迁入地创业行为的影响因素

基于“人地关系”视角下的农村流动人口创业行为影响机制理论模型,并辅之以江苏省的实证研究,从“环境”和“个体”两个方面解读其对农村流动人口迁入地创业行为的影响。采用2010年江苏省城镇暂住人口的抽样调查数据,通过二元Logistic模型发现,农村流动人口的个人经济社会特征及其所处的社会、文化、城市环境均对其创业行为产生影响。特别是城市环境方面,城市总人口规模和农村流动人口规模对农村流动人口的创业行为具有反向影响;控制规模之后,在户口含金量越高的地区,农村流动人口创业的可能性越低,这反映了中国特殊的制度环境对农民工创业行为的影响。     

Strengthening the Ties Between Tourism and Economic Geography: A Theoretical Agenda*

This paper stresses the importance of bridging the conceptual gap between tourism research and economic geography. It explains why the tourism production system has been unable to avoid its peripheral position in economic geography. The paper then focuses on the structure and organization of the principal agents comprising the tourism production system and identifies the state's pivotal role as coordinator of these agents. Lastly, it highlights two under-researched issues relating to entreprcneurship and labor pools and makes recommendations for further research.     

中国文化遗产民族结构演进及其影响因素

以中国文化遗产为研究对象,获取1989—2019年全国文物保护单位、国家级非物质文化遗产、国家级博物馆的基础数据,从整体上探究国家级文化遗产所表现的多元一体格局及其演进,研究表明：① 中国民族文化交融化趋势明显,民族交融文化遗产份额持续上升;② 中国民族文化平等化趋势明显,国家级文化遗产已涵盖全部民族,少数民族文化遗产份额波动上升;③ 中国民族文化原真化趋势明显,各民族文化遗产的分布特征表明在各民族聚居区文化遗产原真性和完整性保护得到充分体现;④ 中国文化遗产所呈现的多元一体民族结构,受到人口、经济、政策因素的影响,其中,人口表现出十分稳定的基础性作用,经济表现出持续弱化的支持性作用,政策表现出较为明显的动力性作用。