BEYOND POSTMODERNISM

By simultaneously controlling for the spatial and social characteristics of neighborhoods, this study sheds new empirical light on the relationship between ethnic-enclave residence and ethnic-niche employment. Considering women's commuting constraints and their theoretically more local social networks, this study explores whether residential segregation may be a more important determinant of labor-market segregation for immigrant women than for men. The study finds that residential segregation plays an important role in sustaining labor-market segregation among immigrants, and that gender emerges as a salient mediating factor. While living in an ethnic enclave tends to be associated with ethnic-niche employment for both men and women, women who live in enclave neighborhoods have a higher rate of ethnic-niche employment than men. However, greater geographic accessibility to niche jobs is associated with niche employment for both immigrant men and women in general, and place-based context seems as important to men as women.     

JUVENILE GUN CRIME AND SOCIAL STRESS: BALTIMORE, 1980–1990

Violence, particularly among minority youths, is a perennial social problem widely regarded as synonymous with the inner city. This analysis examines 2, 639 juvenile gun crimes reported to the police in an 11-year period, 1980-1990, in Baltimore, Maryland. Attention focuses on patterns of selected categories of gun crimes and their relationship to a generalized areal measure of social stress. Salient findings were temporal persistence of pattern; close spatial relationship between gun crimes and (predominantly African-American) census tracts at or above the 8th decile in terms of a social stress index; the territorial nature of gun crimes; and a “frontier” effect with respect to gun crimes with black offenders and white victims. Applications of this analysis to violence prevention are discussed.     

On The Potential of Local Political Projects: A Response To Lake,Martin, and Wilson

Gentrification in the form of "neighborhood revitalization" is increasingly touted as one way of decreasing the social exclusion of residents of poor inner-city neighborhoods and of increasing levels of social mix and social interaction between different classes and ethnic groups. Yet the gentrification literature also suggests that the process may lead to increased social conflict, displacement of poorer residents to lower quality housing elsewhere, and, ultimately, social polarization. Much of this hinges on whether gentrifying neighborhoods can remain socially mixed, and whether neighborhood compositional changes result in more or less of a polarized class and ethnic structure. However, the impact of revitalization and gentrification on levels of social mix, income polarization, or ethnic diversity within neighborhoods remains unclear and under-explored. This study addresses this gap by examining the relationship between the timing of gentrification, changes in the income structure, and shifts in immigrant concentration and ethnic diversity, using census tract data for each decade from 1971 to 2001 in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. This research demonstrates that gentrification is followed by declining, rather than improving, levels of social mix, ethnic diversity, and immigrant concentration within affected neighborhoods. At the same time, gentrification is implicated in the growth of neighborhood income polarization and inequality.     

西部乡村民族社区景区化的内涵及表征——以云南典型乡村民族社区为例

从旅游活动要素及其空间效应着眼,对"景区化"与"乡村民族社区景区化"的内涵进行了界定,把社区事象的景观化、经济功能的旅游化、组织管理的业缘化等视为"乡村民族社区景区化"的具体表征;认为乡村民族社区景区化的结果,必将导致乡村民族社区向旅游社区的演变,并对乡村民族旅游社区的内涵及其类型特征作了初步探讨,进而细分出名义在场型、从业参与型、景观资产型、混合平衡型4种类型。对云南曼听五寨、雨崩村、泸沽湖落水村和里格村进行实证研究的结果表明,除了曼听五寨属于名义在场型外,其余为从业参与型旅游社区。     

试论印度尼西亚华人对该国经济国际化的贡献

文章简要剖析了印度尼西亚（以下简称印尼）华人经济发展的因素及其过程;指出后民族化时期产生的华人企业集团为印尼实现工业化作出了积极的贡献;阐明华人广泛的对外社会联系,世界性华商组织的成立,以及世界华商电脑网络的开通,使印尼华人为推动该国经济走向世界起着不可缺少的纽带作用。在发展外向型经济、跨国经营尤其是投资国际化中,华人大企业集团发挥了突出的作用。论文强调华人经济是印尼民族经济不可替代的组成部分;印     

资本禀赋、城市环境对流动人口机会型创业的影响研究

在“大众创业、万众创新”的时代背景下,流动人口机会型创业的发生机制是亟待深入研究的问题。论文通过关注个体资本禀赋和城市环境2个层面因素,对比跨省、省内跨市和市内跨县3类不同范围的流动群体,剖析了中国城市流动人口机会型创业的影响机制。结果表明：(1)中国城市流动人口的总体机会型创业率较低,但跨省流动人口的创业率高于省内跨市和市内跨县流动人口;(2)不同资本禀赋对3类流动人口机会型创业产生了差异化影响。社会资本与经济资本之间存在互补关系,随着流动范围的扩大,社会资本对流动人口机会型创业的影响不断增强,经济资本的影响则逐渐减弱;(3)城市环境解释了10%～20%的流动人口机会型创业决策变异,流动范围越大,流动人口对外在环境的变化越敏感,尤其劳动力市场分割状况显著影响了跨省流动人口的创业决策。此外,个体资本禀赋与城市环境的相互作用对机会型创业的影响同时存在着负向和正向2种效应。针对不同流动范围人口机会型创业的影响机制及其差异性的探讨,可为完善城市创业支持体系提供科学依据。     

高铁开通对民族地区旅游业发展的影响

高铁快速发展极大地提升了目的地可达性,民族地区交通条件落后但旅游资源独特,高铁开通能否成为推动民族地区旅游业发展的引擎,抑或加剧发展差距,亟待检验高铁的旅游经济效应。基于2000—2017年中国20个民族地区的省级面板数据,运用多期双重差分法评估高铁开通对民族地区旅游业发展的影响。结果发现,高铁开通促进了民族地区的国内旅游总人次和国内旅游总收入分别平均增长16.52%和23.29%,对站点地区具有增长效应,但对地区间旅游业发展差距的影响不显著,不具有分配效应,表明高铁开通能成为民族地区旅游业发展的引擎;影响机制检验发现,高铁开通具有扩散效应和结构效应,但未观察到虹吸效应和过道效应;动态性检验发现,高铁开通对旅游业发展的增长效应在开通后第一二年仍显著,而分配效应均不显著。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Unfairly Structured Cities . Blair Badcock Religion and Rural Revolt . Janos M. Bak and Gerhard Benecke The Industrial Geography of Canada . Anthony Blackbourn and Robert G. Putnam The Cuban-American Experience, Culture, Images, and Perspectives. Thomas D. Boswell and James R. Curtis Quaternary Paleoclimatology . R. S. Bradley Development and Crisis in Brazil, 1930–1983 . Luiz Bresser Pereiras Centres of Origin in Biogeography . John C. Briggs Analytical Urban Geography . Martin Cadwallader Geomorphology . Richard J. Chorley , Stanley A. Schumm, and David E. Sugden South Africa: The Impact of Past Geographies . A. J. Christopher The Geography of Underdevelopment. A Critical Survey . D. K. Forbes Health Care in Developing Countries . Wilbert M. Gesler Place to Grow Old: The Meaning of Environment in Old Age . Stephen M. Golant The Emerging Marine Economy of the Pacific . Chennat Gopalakrishnan An Introduction to Agricultural Geography . David B. Grigg The Soviet Union: A Geographical Study . G. Melvyn Howe Geographical Aspects of Health: Essays in Honour of Andrew Learmonth . N. D. Mc Glashan and J. R. Blunden Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation . Tom L. Mc Knight Mountain Experience. The Psychology and Sociology of Adventure. Richard G. Mitchell Jr . Systematic and Regional Biogeography. Stanley A. Morain The Economic Transformation of American Cities. T. J. Noyelle and T. M. Stanback , Jr . Normal Accidents: Living With High-Risk Technologies. Charles Perrow Vanishing Farmland: A Legal Solution for the States. Sarah E. Redfield Applied Methods of Regional Analysis: The Spatial Dimensions of Development Policy. Dennis A. Rondinelli Urbanization in Romania. A Geography of Social and Economic Change Since Independence. Per Ronnas Statistical Techniques in Geographical Analysis. Gareth Shaw and Dennis Wheeler The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design. Anne Whiston Spirn Political Geography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Peter Taylor and John House Geographia y Medio Ambiente. Manuel Valenzuela -Rubío Nãgara and Commandery: Origins of the Southeast Asian Urban Traditions. Paul Wheatley The Common Fisheries Policy of the European Community. Mark Wise Geography and Gender. Women and Geography Study Group of the IBG Technological Hazards. D. J. Zeigler , J. H. Johnson , S. D. Brunn     

跨境流动视阈下的节庆文化与民族认同研究——中越边境苗族花山节案例

边界是分割不同政治实体的界线,但国家对于边界的管治往往是有弹性的,因而孕育了丰富的“流动”,成为经济融合、社会交流与文化对话的重要场域。跨境民族是受其影响的典型群体,他们在原本生活区域被分隔的情况下,从未间断过跨境流动。总体来看,跨境流动过程中的文化认同及其形成机制是多元复杂的。本文以云南省河口县中越边境地区的苗族花山节为研究切入点,通过质性研究方法探讨节庆所折射的民族文化认同与国家认同的建构过程。研究发现：跨界的流动性加强了民族文化的交流与认同,共同促成了花山节的文化传承,维系了跨境民族的亲缘关系。这样的跨界流动亦强化了边界所形成的发展轨迹差异的感知,从而增强了中国籍苗族边民的国家认同与国家自豪感。     

Ethno‐Territoriality and Ethnic Conflict

Ethno‐territoriality is an increasingly invoked term by those doing research on nationalism and ethnic conflict. Despite this, it has not been subject to detailed definitional and conceptual examination. This article develops a conceptual framework for thinking about ethno‐territoriality and ethnic conflict. It begins by briefly describing the relationship between territoriality, state sovereignty, and nationalist politics. I then provide a definition of ethno‐territoriality and outline a four‐part typology of the key elements of ethno‐territorial practice. Following this I discuss the role that ethno‐territoriality plays in the making of ethnic conflict.