Movement patterns of coastal bottlenose dolphins in the presence of a fast-flowing,prevailing current: shore-based observations at Cape Vidal,South Africa

The presence and movement of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins Tursiops aduncus were investigated using shore-based observations made during a humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae migration survey at Cape Vidal, South Africa, undertaken between June and October 1988–1991. Occurrence was analysed as counts of dolphin sightings per hour within a generalised estimating equation framework. Bottlenose dolphin sightings decreased throughout the daily survey period, and there was a small seasonal peak in sightings during August. Data on movement trajectory were collected using a theodolite for 60% of the groups of dolphins sighted. Most groups were observed travelling in a northerly direction, with few groups recorded moving south. A generalised linear model indicated that northward-travelling dolphins were located closer to shore, travelled at higher speeds, and occurred in bigger groups under low-tide conditions, than those seen moving in a southerly direction. The southward-flowing Agulhas Current is close to shore at Cape Vidal, where the continental shelf is particularly narrow. We suggest that bottlenose dolphins in this area have adopted a specific movement regime to cope with the consistent fast-flowing currents that dominate their environment at Cape Vidal.     

BP神经网络遥感水深反演算法的改进

针对BP神经网络遥感水深反演算法（简称传统BP算法）的缺点,提出了改进型BP神经网络遥感水深反演算法（简称改进型BP算法）,其基本原理是在模型训练过程中反复运用粒子群算法对BP神经网络的权值和阈值进行优化以弥补传统BP算法的不足。试验表明：改进型BP算法的训练迭代收敛速度明显快于传统BP算法,浅水区的水深反演精度优于传统BP算法,且学习算法对初始权值和阈值不敏感。     

湿地植被生物量测算方法研究进展

湿地植被生物量是衡量湿地生态系统健康状况的重要指标。传统的生物量测算方法主要是通过样方调查,采取收割法等方法;遥感估算法是借助遥感影像某些波段对湿地植被的灵敏反应,再配合典型的样地调查和GPS定位进行。在这两类方法的基础上,均可依据长时间序列的基础资料(实测资料、影像资料等),建立生物量的计算公式,以便进行类比或预测。笔者在查阅国内外相关文献的基础上,论述了湿地生物量测算方法的研究进展。将传统典型样方调查及实验室分析与遥感估算技术(分光学遥感和雷达遥感)不断融合,不仅可以及时掌控湿地生态系统的动态变化,而且为湿地生态系统生态资产的定量测算提供重要参数,并为湿地生态系统的恢复、重建以及管理提供科学依据。     

矿产资源评价系统的物化探数据模型

为应用GIS技术建立成矿区带矿产资源评价的多源地学信息系统 ,本文对物化探信息按GIS技术上的要求 ,建立了科学、规范、实用的数据分层标准及数据记录格式。将物化探信息分成重力、航磁、化探、物探异常、化探异常等 5个大类 ,及 11个主题图层。制定了分层和命名规则。在此基础上系统地编制了数据纪录格式     

长白山火山灾害信息系统的设计与实现

通过监测子系统、预测预报子系统和灾害评估子系统的设计，完成了长白山火山灾害信息系统的设计，并提出了利用遥感和地理信息系统技术对火山发进行监测、预测预报与灾害评估的技术方法。     

海底天然气水合物储集层饱和度的估算方法

据当前国内外海底天然气水合物饱和度预测技术的文献分析,讨论了岩芯孔隙水的氯离子浓度、地球物理测井和地震波速度等方面在估算海底天然气水合物饱和度方面的应用和计算方法,并对它们的优劣进行简单的评述。     

Estimation for rainfall-runoff modeled as a partially observed Markov process

Abstract: Linear continuous time stochastic Nash cascade conceptual models for runoff are developed. The runoff is modeled as a simple system of linear stochastic differential equations driven by white Gaussian and marked point process noises. In the case of d reservoirs, the outputs of these reservoirs form a d dimensional vector Markov process, of which only the dth coordinate process is observed, usually at a discrete sample of time points. The dth coordinate process is not Markovian. Thus runoff is a partially observed Markov process if it is modeled using the stochastic Nash cascade model. We consider how to estimate the parameters in such models. In principle, maximum likelihood estimation for the complete process parameters can be carried out directly or through some form of the EM (estimation and maximization) algorithm or variation thereof, applied to the observed process data. In this research we consider a direct approximate likelihood approach and a filtering approach to an algorithm of EM type, as developed in Thompson and Kaseke (1994). These two methods are applied to some real life runoff data from a catchment in Wales, England. We also consider a special case of the martingale estimating function approach on the runoff model in the presence of rainfall. Finally, some simulations of the runoff process are given based on the estimated parameters.     

短期综合前兆异常信息量方法在四川的应用

用地震异常前兆信息量综合数学表达式的方法,选择四川地区映震较好的前兆观测资料,进行地震短期异常前兆信息量的提取,分析四川地区地震短期异常前兆信息量综合时序值变化与四川及邻区6级以上强地震的关系,给出了四川及邻区6级以上地震短期综合预测的指标和方法,该方法能通过R值评分检验。用同样的方法提取不同学科前兆信息量地震短期综合预测的指标和方法,并进行地震预测效能检验,结果表明,不同学科前兆信息量短期综合地震预测效能存在一定的差异。     

岩质边坡稳定性预测的BP网络法

结合已有岩质边坡工程实例,针对岩质边坡稳定性预测中存在的问题,提出了运用BP网络预测岩质边坡稳定性的方法,并构造了相应的网络模型。预测结果表明,模型具有较高的预测精度,能够满足实际工程需要,是有一定实用价值和参考价值的边坡稳定性预测方法。     

不同土地利用类型对城市地表温度的影响——以广东东莞为例

利用Landsat TM6热红外遥感数据、土地利用专题图件、气象观测资料反演了快速城市化的典型地区东莞市的城市地表温度。构建了三个热效应评价指数:热效应贡献度指数、热像元权重指数和区域热像元权重指数,来定量分析不同土地利用类型对城市地表温度的贡献度,发现城乡工矿居民用地、林地和耕地的热效应贡献度较大,水域和草地的热效应贡献度较小,未利用地对区域热环境的贡献最小。此外,研究表明,随着平均温度的升高,东莞市水面和陆面1988~1998年的温度反差明显增大。