Changes in material fluxes from the Changjiang River and their implications on the adjoining continental shelf ecosystem

This study aims to examine the changing patterns of Changjiang material fluxes, which are influenced by anthropogenic activities, and the resultant modifications to the coastal and shelf oceanographic conditions, and to propose future research about the effect of these changes on the estuarine and shelf ecosystem. Within the catchment basin of the Changjiang River, the construction of more than 48,000 dams has caused significant sediment discharge reduction, together with modifications to the timing of seasonal freshwater discharge. In the future, the mean freshwater discharge will decrease following the completion of the water-diverting project for water supply to northern China. At the same time, the riverine nutrient loadings (N and P) have increased due to the extensive use of chemical fertilizers and the large discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage. These changes are modifying the oceanographic conditions of the estuarine and shelf waters. The flushing time for the river water becomes longer in wet seasons but shorter in dry seasons. An increase in salinity can be expected after the completion of the water-diverting project. Nutrient concentrations will be enhanced in the shelf waters. In contrast to the decrease in the suspended sediment concentration of the river water, field measurements have not shown well-defined patterns of changes within the estuary; nevertheless, net sediment accumulation and carbon burial rates would be reduced in the deltaic areas because of the reduced sediment discharge. Finally, increase in the nutrient input appears to enhance the primary production in the East China Sea region, which, in turn, may enhance the fishery catch.     

Globalization, tourism and local living conditions on Jamaica's north coast

Jamaica's tourism industry has grown rapidly in recent decades, with significant implications for national development. However, the distribution of the benefits from this growth sector has been socially and spatially uneven. Drawing on substantial data sets collected through a variety of participatory research practices, this paper assesses the socioeconomic and environmental challenges facing the residents of Montego Bay and Falmouth on Jamaica's north coast, the main site for tourism development in the country. The research involved training community residents as researchers, and used traditional quantitative methods alongside techniques borrowed from participatory rapid appraisal.
The local society and economy are clearly shown to be affected by processes of globalization and mobility. However, existing patterns of national economic development – including the expansion of the tourism industry – have failed to alleviate the social and environmental problems faced by relatively powerless members of the Jamaican society. In contrast, the most effective responses to this situation have involved stakeholder groups negotiating and breaking down entrenched scaled relationships through the mobilization of particular forms of social networks.     

松辽盆地新站地区嫩江组三段孢粉-藻类组合及其环境

依据松辽盆地西南部新站地区嫩江组三段孢粉和藻类化石百分含量纵向变化特征,自下而上划分7个能识别水体盐度变化的孢粉和藻类组合：Cyathidites Pinuspollenites Dinogymniopsis组合,指示缩小的微咸水湖相沉积环境;Dinogymniopsis Leiosphaeridia Pinuspollenites组合,代表水域扩大的微咸水湖相沉积环境;Cicatricosisporites Pinuspollenites Botryococcus组合,代表水域缩小的淡水-微咸水湖相沉积环境;Dinogymniopsis Chlamydophorella Taxodiaceaepollenites组合,反映淡水与微咸水频繁交互变化的浅湖相沉积环境;Cicatricosisporites Pinuspollenites Pediastrum组合,代表水域缩小的淡水湖相沉积环境;Nenjiangella Balmula Cyathidites组合,代表水域范围较大的淡水湖相沉积环境;Cyathidites Trilobosporites Botryococcus组合,指示水域缩小的微咸水湖相沉积环境。     

磁性矿物还原成岩作用述评

许多海洋－湖泊环境中的沉积物受到还原成岩作用的影响发生磁性颗粒的溶解和自生现象。根据最近二十多年的研究成果,简要介绍了磁性矿物发生还原作用的基本过程、产物和控制因素,成岩作用对沉积物地球化学和磁学特征的改变,成岩自生亚铁磁性铁硫化物的磁学特征以及成岩作用对古地磁和环境磁学记录的影响。     

中国乡镇企业新产业区的发展理念与特征分析

通过对新产业区理论的介绍以及我国发展乡镇企业新产业区所具有的优劣势和特点分析 ,指出乡镇企业新产业区理念的建立与发展 ,既是当前乡镇企业发展的一种新思路与新趋势 ,同时有利于改善乡镇企业分散布局的种种弊端 ,提高乡镇企业的竞争力 ,促进乡镇企业的健康稳定发展。     

用脉冲磁场方法研究现代沉积物中趋磁细菌的趋磁性和趋化性

光学显微镜下直观显示水体环境中趋磁细菌沿磁场方向定向排列和游动,人们对其认识主要来自这些镜下观察的总结。但实际上趋磁细菌主要生活在沉积物环境中,很难对它们进行直接观察。因此,趋磁细菌在沉积物环境中的趋磁性、趋化性、以及在记录古地磁过程中可能起到的作用等方面均尚未得到足够实际观测数据的支持。本研究利用脉冲磁场反转趋磁细菌(Candidatus Magnetobacterium bavaricum)极性的特性,将趋北趋磁细菌(NS)转变为趋南趋磁细菌(SS),并在只含有NS的沉积物中以脉冲磁场反转的SS为"示踪体",分析趋磁细菌在沉积物环境中的趋磁性和趋化性。使沉积物所处的外界磁场与脉冲磁场方向保持一系列角度Φ(0°~180°),利用施加脉冲磁场后出现的SS%与Φ关系估算趋磁细菌在沉积物中沿外界磁场的排列程度,证实了趋磁细菌在沉积物中沿地磁场排列程度非常低(<1%)。将脉冲SS分别置于4种不同的磁场条件(磁场方向指向上、指向下和水平)和生存环境(上部适宜环境和下部不适宜环境),一定时间后SS的垂直分布相对直观地证实了:趋磁细菌游动方向受趋化性决定,趋磁性的优势在于使趋磁细菌更有效地到达其最佳生存环境。脉冲磁场方法在理解和研究沉积物中趋磁细菌趋磁性、趋化性和古地磁应用方面有可观的应用前景。     

鄂拉山查查香卡地区晚三叠世火山岩产出环境分析

通过对查查香卡地区晚三叠世火山岩岩石学研究,确定该套火山岩属晚三叠世鄂拉山组,属钙碱性系列。喷出时的大地构造环境为陆内造山环境,该火山岩最初可能形成于大陆边缘环境,由于A型俯冲构造活动,测区乃至鄂拉山地区产生一系列右旋走滑断裂带,受北西向右旋走滑断裂的影响,岩石孔隙加大,并出现强烈的热流活动,导致岩浆沿这些断裂带喷出地表。     

基于光合有效辐射的西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度和空间分布变动研究

光合有效辐射(PAR)对于海洋初级生产力具有显著的调控作用,会间接影响到头足类的资源丰度和渔场分布。本文根据2006−2015年上海海洋大学鱿钓科学技术组提供的柔鱼鱿钓数据和光合有效辐射卫星遥感数据,研究了光合有效辐射与西北太平洋柔鱼种群的关系,并评估了异常环境条件下光合有效辐射对柔鱼的影响。结果发现,柔鱼单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)、渔场纬度重心、PAR,及其空间分布均具有显著的月间变化。7−11月各月适宜PAR范围分别为36～39 E/(m²·d)、33～36 E/(m²·d)、24～27 E/(m²·d)、18 E/(m²·d)和12 E/(m²·d),最适宜PAR值分别为36 E/(m²·d)、33 E/(m²·d)、27 E/(m²·d)、18 E/(m²·d)和12 E/(m²·d)。此外,CPUE与PAR有显著正相关关系(p<0.05),且CPUE与各月适宜PAR范围占渔场比例也呈显著正相关(p<0.05);同时渔场纬度重心随各月最适PAR平均纬度变化而变化。在异常环境条件下,拉尼娜年份CPUE值比厄尔尼诺年份高,该年份PAR值异常增高可能是导致柔鱼资源丰度增加的因素之一。研究表明,光合有效辐射对于西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度和空间分布具有显著影响。     

基于等效源的总强度磁异常非线性处理方法

总强度磁异常（ΔT₁）常规处理方法通常将其近似当作磁异常矢量在地磁正常场方向上的投影（ΔT₂）.然而对于高磁环境如磁铁矿处的磁异常场幅值可达10⁴ nT甚至更大的情况,上述近似假设则不再成立,如采用常规处理方法可能会带来明显的误差.本文针对该问题,提出一种基于等效源的总强度磁异常非线性处理方法;该方法根据总强度磁异常获取流程,直接反演实测地磁场总强度幅值与正常场强度幅值之差来求取等效场源.本文首先通过模型试验,分析ΔT₁与ΔT₂的差异;然后将ΔT₁当作ΔT₂采用常规处理方法以及ΔT₁采用新方法得到的结果作对比分析,结果表明新方法处理结果与理论值的差异为常规方法处理结果的1/5甚至更小,充分说明了新方法的有效性;最后将该方法应用于铁矿实测总强度磁异常处理实例中来转换计算磁异常总模量,其实际应用效果进一步体现了高幅值总强度磁异常数据处理过程中采用新方法的必要性.

     

济阳坳陷奥陶系碳酸盐岩及缝洞充填方解石C、O同位素特征及其意义

对济阳坳陷奥陶系碳酸盐原岩及孔洞缝中充填方解石进行了C、O同位素测定,结果表明孔洞缝充填方解石的δ13C和δ18O值比原岩偏负。奥陶系三山子组和马家沟组孔缝中充填的方解石C、O同位素演化有很大区别,前者的δ13C和δ18O值均为负值,δ13C向较高负值偏移,δ18O值向较低负值偏移;马家沟组八陡段孔缝充填方解石的δ13C和δ18O值也多为负值,δ13C向较正值方向偏移,δ18O值向较高负值偏移。奥陶系碳酸盐岩孔缝充填方解石形成于大气淡水环境和埋藏成岩环境,次生孔洞可能主要形成于早期表生阶段,裂缝形成于中-新生代的构造运动,方解石主要充填于埋藏环境中。次生孔缝的主要形成时期早于油气大量运移期,对古潜山油藏的形成有利。