秦巴山区环境污染及治理

对秦巴山区的开发利用，各种工业、厂矿在生产过程产生的“三废”(废气、废水、废渣)未经处理即任意排放，造成河流水质恶化，影响着秦岭的环境质量，提醒人们及早关注环境生态变化，加强环保意识，保护秦巴山区的生态平衡。     

Interactions of aquaculture and waste disposal in the coastal zone

Throughout the world, the coastal zones of many countries are used increasingly for aquaculture in addition to other activities such as waste disposal. These activities can cause environmental problems and health problems where they overlap. The interaction between aquaculture and waste disposal, and their relationship with eutrophication are the subjects of this paper. Sewage discharge without adequate dispersion can lead to nutrient elevation and hence eutrophication which has clearly negative effects on aquaculture with the potential for toxic blooms. Blooms may be either toxic or anoxia-causing through the decay process or simply clog the gills of filter-feeding animals in some cases. With the development of aquaculture, especially intensive aquaculture, many environmental problems appeared, and have resulted in eutrophication in some areas. Eutrophication may destroy the health of whole ecosystem which is important for sustainable aquaculture. Sewage discharge may also cause serious public health problems. Filter-feeding shellfish growing in sewage-polluted waters accumulate micro-organims, including human pathogenic bacteria and viruses, and heavy metal ion, presenting a significant health risk. Some farmed animals may also accumulate heavy metals from sewage. Bivalves growing in areas affected by toxic algae blooms may accumulate toxins (such as PSP, DSP) which can be harmful to human beings.     

GB／T19000—ISO9000国家标准简介及在地勘单位贯彻中面临的间题

ＧＢ／Ｔ１９０００—ＩＳＯ９０００系列标准等同采用了国际通行的质量管理标准。贯彻该标准不仅能提高地勘单位质量管理水平、产品质量，也为地勘单位开展质量体系认证、产品质量认证提供技术依据，增强地勘单位参与国内、外市场竞争的能力。目前在贯标工作中制约因素主要有：地质成果形成特点及地质成果质量管理的特殊性、地质工作投入的减少及现有地质技术人员素质等。然而，贯标是我国经济体制改革深入的要求，是地勘队伍走出低谷、求生存和发展的基本手段。贯标和建立新的经济运行机制之间存在有相互依存、相互促进的关系。     

Spectrum characteristics of major ion concentrations at Wuhan sectoin of the Changjiang Rriver

Spectrum analyses of water quality time series have been carried out for five hydrometric stations including Wuhan hydrometric station of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River, etc. The fluctuations of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and HCO ₃ ⁻ concentrations in river water under different physical geography conditions have about two-year cycle which is corresponding to hydrometeorological quasi-biannual-oscillation (QBO). Na⁺, Cl⁻ SO ₄ ²⁻ have about two-year cycle in the area lightly affected by human activities while two-year cycle doesn’t exist in the area heavily affected by human activities. All the fluctuations of major ions have about three-month cycle. The river diseharge fluctuation accounts for 43.9%, 45.1%, 54.3%, 33.9%, 30.3% and 42.7% of the variance of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HCO ₃ ⁻ , Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO ₄ ²⁻ , respectively, at Wuhan from 1962 to 1985. According to the spectrum characteristic of major ions, the duration of the time series has to be at least 13 years for trend analysis of monthly water quality data. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49671017). Biography: XIA Xing-hui(1971-), female, a native of Hunan Province, Ph. D. Her research interest includes environmental chemistry.     

ECOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT OF TARIM RIVER AND ITS PROTECTIVE PROGRAMME

ＥＣＯＬＯＧＩＣ ＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴ ＯＦ ＴＡＲＩＭ ＲＩＶＥＲ ＡＮＤ ＩＴＳ ＰＲＯＴＥＣＴＩＶＥ ＰＲＯＧＲＡＭＭＥ ＣｈｅｎｇＱｉｃｈｏｕ（程其畴）ＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅ...     

安徽省淮北平原地下水环境与工作方向

安徽省淮北平原位于该省北部,平原西部阜阳市地面沉降中心最大沉降量1501mm,采水型地面沉降进一步扩大,推测平原西部地区已发生大范围的地面沉降.淮北平原区饮水型高氟地方病广布,地氟病区占全区总面积的40%.其中轻病村17942个,占病村总数79.5%;中度病村4529个,占20.0%;重病村148个,占病村总数0.65%.病区乡人口总数1344.4万人,占淮北平原总人口的66%.区域地下水水位持续下降,地下水质量不断劣化.本文通过对以上主要水环境问题的论述,提出了平原区今后工作方向的建议.     

刘店煤矿岩浆侵入与煤质特征初探

岩浆侵入是煤矿常见的构造现象之一,岩浆侵入后对煤层与煤质的影响也十分明显,岩浆侵入不仅破坏了煤层的原生结构、厚度、构造,还改变了煤质.本文依据刘店煤矿的勘探资料,对淮北矿业集团公司筹建矿井--刘店煤矿的岩浆侵入与煤质特征进行了探讨,以期为刘店煤矿的生产提供有益的帮助.     

基于GIS技术的河流污染动态模拟系统

本文论述了稳态均匀流场中的一维河流水质扩散模型,并在此模型的基础上,基于GIS二次开发技术开发了河流污染动态模拟系统。该系统以乐山市涌斯江支流段的地理底图及基本数据为例,实现了对河流污染情况的动态模拟。通过对该系统的一系列操作,可以对河段任意位置污染物浓度进行自动查询和修改,从而为河流水质污染的监测和管理提供可视化参考依据。     

多源遥感影像融合最佳波段选择及质量评价研究

本文选用了有蓝色波段和无蓝色波段两种遥感数据源,使用定量指标对各波段进行基本统计及分析,并计算各波段之间的联合熵、协方差、相关系数及最佳指数,确定四类遥感数据各自的最佳波段组合;并采用了几种融合方法将四种影像按照最佳波段组合融合,计算融合后影像与原始影像之间的相关系数,分析得到两类数据的最佳融合方法。