海南岛4—9月短时强降水的天气型和环境参数特征

利用海南岛加密自动站逐小时降水资料、ERA5再分析资料,对海南岛短时强降水日环流配置进行了天气学分型,并进一步探讨了各天气型下海南岛短时强降水的时空分布、环流形势和关键环境参数特征。结果表明：(1)海南岛短时强降水有明显的日变化特征,呈单峰型,主要出现在15:00—19:00。(2)海南岛短时强降水的天气型主要有南海低压槽、华南沿海槽、西南低压槽和冷锋型。(3)南海低压槽、华南沿海槽、西南低压槽和冷锋型短时强降水分别占37%,31%,16%和16%。南海低压槽和华南沿海槽型主要出现在7、8和9月;西南低压槽型除9月外,其余各月份均可能出现;冷锋型绝大多数出现在4、5月。(4)南海低压槽和华南沿海槽型整层湿度条件都较好,不稳定能量较大,垂直风切变较弱。西南低压槽型不稳定能量较大,湿度条件一般,垂直风切变较弱。冷锋型存在明显的上干下湿特征,垂直风切变最大,0～6 km风速差75%分位大于10 m/s,不稳定能量最小。     

Environmental evolution of Gongwang Mountains during Holocene in northeastern Yunnan, China

This paper presents the study on two continuous glacio-lacustrine sedimentary deposits, Laotanfang （3 597 m） and Shibantang （3 689 m） located on the southern and northern sides of Hulifang peak in Yunan, China. Environmental change indexes are constructed for each deposit, based on grain size, geochemical and pollen analysis, environmental magnetic susceptibility, and 14C dating. The study of climatic environmental change since the Holocene epoch in this region shows that the climate fluctuated at different stages during the early Holocene, that is, the climate was cool and wet during 8.4-7. 7r ka, cold and wet during 7.7-6. 5 ka, cold and dry during 6. 5-4.7 ka, cool and wet during 4.7-2. 1 ka, warm and wet during 2. 1-1.0 ka, and warmer and wet since 1 ka. These findings reflect the overlapping influences of the southwest and southeast monsoons in different times during the Holocene in the north part of southwestern China are in accord with other Holocene climate change models in this part of China.     

下寺湾油田柳洛峪地区长8储层配伍性实验研究

柳洛峪地区长8地层水属CaCl2型,地层结垢伤害主要为BaSO4垢引起。注入水为长2地层水,水型及组成与长8地层水类似。配伍实验结果表明:单一水样在不同温度和压力下表现为随着温度、压力的升高,出现CaCO3结垢趋势变大,而BaSO4结垢趋势减弱。注入水与磨碎的岩心混合后生成的白色沉淀物主要为BaSO4和CaCO3。不同比例混配水样实验结果显示,提高注入水的比例可以有效地减少混合液产生的沉淀量。同时,随着注入水的不断注入,岩心渗透率变化较小,表明混配水几乎不会对储层造成伤害。     

综合物探方法在地质灾害评价中的应用

随着经济的发展及矿产资源的日益紧缺,矿石价格也在不断的上扬,人们对资源的开发热度也大为提高。经济发展和环境保护的不协调性导致了一系列的环境地质问题。本文主要探讨了在矿产资源开发中应用物探方法对已存在的或潜在的地质环境灾害进行探测和预报,为地质灾害防治提供地学依据。     

Applying the Political Geography of Scale: Grassroots Strategies and Environmental Justice

The grassroots environmental movement often protests locally unwanted land uses. Many grassroots groups have, however, expanded their agenda to the scale of environmental justice. Explanations for this scale transformation include historical circumstances, individuals' radicalization through activism, and the growth of environmental justice networks. This case study, grassroots environmentalists' opposition to a proposed electricity transmission line in Monroe County, WV, explores another explanation: appeals for environmental justice are also a strategic response to siting regulatory procedures. With concepts emerging from the political geography of scale, I interpret the Monroe Countians' efforts and show how their strategies link the grassroots scale with that of environmental justice.     

Playing Lotto with Rotto? Tourism,the environment and gambling with the ethos of a Western Australian island

Rottnest Island is a popular holiday destination offshore from Perth, the capital city of Western Australia. Rottnest (or Rotto) attracts approximately 500 000 visitors annually. The island is managed by a statutory government authority, the Rottnest Island Authority (RIA), for the purposes of providing recreation and holiday facilities and services, and protecting its natural and cultural values. While there are advantages in management by one body, there appears to be a conflict in managing both the tourism business and the environment, largely as a result of funding issues. While further tourism development would boost the RIA's self-funded operating budget, increased pressures may compromise the island environment and the Rottnest ethos, which revolves around a relaxed and casual social ambiance. The RIA aims to develop Rottnest as a model for sustainability, but are dilemmas surrounding economic sustainability potentially risking the island's environmental and social sustainability? This paper concludes that in the pursuit of economic returns from tourism, Rottnest Island's environmental and social values face an uncertain future.     

Crack nucleation in saturated porous media

Crack nucleation has been the subject of important contributions in the last two last decades. However, it seems that few attention has been granted to the case of saturated porous media. This is the question addressed in the present paper which is devoted to nucleation in traction mode. From a physical point of view, nucleation is a sudden phenomenon, so that the material response is both adiabatic and undrained. In the spirit of the variational approach, the nucleated crack is viewed as the final state of a region of space in which the material undergoes a full damage process. In traction mode, the opening of a saturated crack in undrained condition induces a drop of fluid pressure. In case of low fluid compressibility, the presence of the fluid delays the brittle failure usually associated with nucleation, as long as the fluid pressure remains above the saturation vapor pressure. Nucleation is therefore possible only if a partial vaporization of the fluid takes place.     

海岸工程中海浪数值模拟和环境参数选取的进展

主要介绍了我国近的来在海岸工程设计，建设中有关海浪数值模拟及环境参数选取方面的研究进展。     

铅对日本沼虾精子超微结构的影响

用铅 ( Pb2 + )溶液的 72 h半致死浓度处理日本沼虾 ,发现日本沼虾的精子结构受到严重破坏。主要表现在精子顶体的解体、顶体及核物质的大量丢失以及精核形态的变化上 ,这种类型的精子失去了正常受精的能力 ,直接导致个体的不育 ,使自然种群繁殖率下降。虾蟹类精子结构的变化可以作为监测环境污染的重要形态学指标。