High-pressure isosymmetrical phase transition in calaverite

Using density functional theory, we perform ab initio calculations of the behaviour of calaverite, AuTe₂, at high pressures. Calaverite has a distorted CdI₂ structure, that presents a pronounced two-dimensional character and a rather anisotropic response to pressure. Increasing the pressure, we predict an isosymmetrical phase transition between 55 and 60 GPa, that is accompanied by an important distortion of the structure, observed in all its geometrical parameters, especially the c lattice parameter. Relaxing the pressure, the reverse phase transition is observed between 30 and 25 GPa.     

矿产资源规划环境影响评价工作方法探讨

根据《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》关于规划的环境影响评价要求,初步探讨了矿产资源规划环境影响评价的工作思路。参照国土资源部《矿产资源规划管理暂行办法》的有关规定,列举了矿产资源规划的类型;依据《环评法》第七条和第八条,阐明了不同类型的矿产资源规划所对应的环境影响评价文件编制的要求;提出了矿产资源规划环境影响评价的工作程序和环境影响评价指标体系的建议,并简单地探讨了2种评价方法。     

太行山红层磁学性质及古环境意义初探

环境磁学研究磁性矿物特征（磁性矿物类型、含量和颗粒大小）及其转化与环境关系,在不同地质时期古气候和古环境重建中得到广泛应用。本文将磁学方法应用于太行山中元古界红层研究,并从其磁学性质角度初步探讨太行山红层的古环境。对太行山红色石英砂岩和紫红色砂质泥岩样品进行了高温磁学和常温磁学系统测试。结果显示,太行山红层主要以硬磁性的赤铁矿为主,包含少量磁铁矿,部分样品赤铁矿是唯一磁性矿物;磁性颗粒大小以单畴为主;红色石英砂岩不同样品间磁性差别显著,反映沉积环境的不稳定性。紫红色砂质泥岩中的青灰色层表现为顺磁性特征,原因可能是紫红色砂质泥岩中的赤铁矿在后期还原环境下溶解或转化为弱磁性矿物所致,说明紫红色层并非形成于长期的水下还原环境。太行山红层中普遍存在的红色波痕和泥裂说明水环境对其有短暂影响,但是红层及赤铁矿的富集说明其长时间处于氧化环境,推断太行山红层可能形成于高度氧化的陆地环境。     

基于模糊-集对分析理论的泥石流危险性评价

集对分析理论是一种处理确定性和不确定性的定量系统分析方法。本文通过模糊联系度对集对分析理论中的差异度系数做进一步挖掘和分析,建立了模糊-集对分析算法,即通过模糊联系度挖掘样本数据讨论类别与相邻类别间的接近程度,得出该类别与相邻类别之间的同异反信息。为了验证模型的适用性,通过实测北京房山区和门头沟区6条泥石流小流域基础数据,进行了危险性评价,并将评价结果与传统评价理论进行对比分析。得出结论：模糊-集对分析理论可以深度挖掘样本类别与相邻类别之间的同异反关系,通过对比现场调查数据发现模糊-集对分析法对泥石流小流域的评价结果更切合实际,且评价结果与可拓学等评价结果基本一致,该方法具有较高的准确性和严密性。     

The preservation potential of ash layers in the deep‐sea: the example of the 1991‐Pinatubo ash in the South China Sea

Following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo on 15 June 1991, volcanic ash was transported westward to the South China Sea in an atmospheric plume, falling out and settling to the sea floor within days and forming an up to 10 cm thick layer on an area >400 000 km². Immediately after deposition, surviving deep‐burrowing animals re‐opened their connection to the sea floor to obtain water for respiration and/or food take‐up. Later, small‐sized meiofauna and then macrofauna re‐colonized the sea floor, mixing newly deposited organic fluff with the underlying ash. Consequently, ash deposits thinner than 1 mm have not often been observed as a continuous layer when cored six years after the eruption, while ash about 2 mm thick is now patchily bioturbated. In areas covered by ash thicker than 5 mm, mixing by benthic animals is controlled mainly by the adaptation of the burrowing fauna to variations in grain‐size, the rate of background sedimentation, the availability of benthic food on and within the sediment and pore water oxygen levels. With respect to these factors, four provinces can be distinguished: (i) Along the Philippines margin run‐off from land fuels primary production that, in turn, leads to a high benthic food content. The benthic fauna is adapted to a variable grain‐size and rapid sedimentation. Therefore, mixing is intense and the preservation potential of the ash layer is low. (ii) In areas affected by deposition of hyperpycnites and turbidites, i.e. in canyons in front of river mouths and in the Manila Trench, the ash layer is preserved due to rapid burial. (iii) The area to the west to about 116° E receives low amounts of benthic food, benthic mixing is less intense and the preservation potential of the ash is high. (iv) The central South China Sea, where the ash is thinner than 3 cm, is affected by intense wind mixing and upwelling and the benthic food content is high; thus, the chance that the ash will be preserved as a sharp‐based layer is low. Consequently, the style of ash preservation has palaeo‐environmental significance. Older buried and burrowed event layers provide further information to elucidate the fate of the 1991 Pinatubo ash layer; in general their appearance fits with observations in the Recent.     

基于高精度DEM和RS技术的滑坡环境指标参数快速提取方法——以陕西省宝鸡市金台区长乐塬特大型滑坡为例

DEM和RS技术是研究滑坡地质灾害的重要资料和手段。近年来,随着高空间分辨率遥感卫星和高精度雷达卫星的上天,可以获取现时性高精度的DEM,使滑坡地质灾害的研究由二维向三维提升。利用IRS-P5数据生成的5m精度的DEM,借鉴GOOGLE的三维可视性原理,将其和高空间分辨率QuickBird(0.61m)数据叠置到数字地球之上,制作成三维可视性图像,进行滑坡环境指标参数提取方法研究。研究结果表明,该方法可直接读取滑坡环境指标的三维参数,具有客观、准确、快速的特点,可为滑坡灾害评估和区域地质灾害危险性评价提供定量化资料。     

The gravitational perturbation spectrum in linear satellite theory

A new method for calculating the perturbation spectrum in the framework of Kaula's linear satellite theory (LST) is introduced. The novelty of this approach consists in using recent results on the spectral decomposition of the perturbation frequencies in LST to provide a closed formulation for the amplitude and the phase of each line in the perturbation spectrum. The theory presented here can be applied to perturbations in the elements or in the radial and transverse directions due to the geopotential or to the tides. Separate algorithms are developed for application to orbits with circulating or frozen perigee.     

Alignment between luminous red galaxies and surrounding structures at z∼ 0.5

We analyse a high-redshift sample (0.4 < z < 0.5) of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 4 and their surrounding structures to explore the presence of alignment effects of these bright galaxies with neighbour objects. In order to avoid projection effects, we compute photometric redshifts for galaxies within 3  h ⁻¹ Mpc in projection of LRGs and calculate the relative angle between the LRG major axis and the direction to neighbours within 1000 km s⁻¹. We find a clear signal of alignment between LRG orientations and the distribution of galaxies within 1.5  h ⁻¹ Mpc. The alignment effects are present only for the red population of tracers; LRG orientation is uncorrelated to the blue population of neighbour galaxies. These results add evidence to the alignment effects between primaries and satellites detected at low redshifts. We conclude that such alignments were already present at z ∼ 0.5.