The Hormuz Strait Dam Macroproject—21st Century Electricity Development Infrastructure Node (EDIN)?

ABSTRACT

Ocean gulfs offer a means of artificially creating a depression, which can be used for a regionally significant hydroelectric macroproject. We examine here the case for a dam at the Strait of Hormuz that blocks a large gulf situated in an arid region. A 35 m evaporation of this concentration basin will reduce its watery surface area by ～53% and allow generation of ～2.050 MW (or possibly ～2.500 MW) of electricity. Our conclusion is that the proposed Electricity Development Infrastructure Node (EDIN) is a feasible and desirable macroproject. If the macroproject starts in the near-term future, it would require a significant change in the logistics of oil and gas transport from this region. Alternatively, it can be considered as an attractive future solution for the energy requirements of the region after exhaustion of its oil and gas reserves.     

Environmental Issues Pertaining to the Kwale Mineral Sands Project,Kenya's South Coast—Reply

Tiomin Resources Inc. (“Tiomin”), the proponent of the Kwale Mineral Sands Project in Kenya, presents a response to the article authored by J. O. Z. Abuodha and P. O. Hayombe, entitled “Protracted Environmental Issues on a Proposed Titanium Minerals Development in Kenya's South Coast”, published in Volume 24, Number 2, April–June 2006. This article contains a series of inaccuracies, some grossly misleading and many statements relate to outdated information. Tiomin is greatly concerned at the publication of such a misleading report and is obliged to state the facts correctly. This response seeks to identify the misrepresentation of statements and/or facts in the article and present a correct and accurate perspective on the environmental issues of the project.     

Relationships between molecular bacterial diversity and chemistry of groundwater in the Wairarapa Valley,New Zealand

Groundwater plays an important role in New Zealand water supplies and hence monitoring activities are conducted regularly. Most monitoring programmes aim to evaluate groundwater chemistry and almost completely overlook the microbial component in this ecosystem. In our present study, the bacterial community structure of groundwater in the Wairarapa Valley was examined using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), and relationships between bacterial community structure and groundwater chemistry, aquifer confinement and groundwater usage were explored. In addition, the results from this study were compared with a previous T-RFLP survey of the same area in an attempt to detect changes in bacterial community structure over time. The data obtained suggested that bacterial community structure was related to groundwater chemistry, especially to redox conditions. Species composition showed minimal variation over time if groundwater chemistry remained unchanged. These findings reflect the potential of using bacterial communities as biological indicators to evaluate the health of groundwater ecosystems. We suggest that it is important to include this type of broad bacterial diversity assessment criteria into regular groundwater monitoring activities.     

Water quality in a polluted lowland stream with chronically depressed dissolved oxygen: Causes and effects

Abstract

The Whangamaire Stream (North Island, New Zealand) has high concentrations of nitrate nitrogen (NO^? ₃‐N), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), and Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) as a result of catchment land use practices. The lower reaches of the stream drain intensively farmed land and have dissolved oxygen (DO) levels of 10–50% saturation. The dominant riparian vegetation, Apium nodiflorum, provides a large organic loading by intercepting nutrients in run‐off and then decaying in the stream channel. Water quality and reaeration aspects of the stream were studied in order to explain the observed low DO levels. Measurements of the reaeration coefficient at 20°C, K₂ ²⁰, using methyl chloride (CH₃Cl) as a gas tracer, yielded values of 1.1–3.0 d^?1 for the upper part of the study reach and 15.5–16.2 d^?1 for the lower reach (overall average 12.5 ± 2.5 d^?1). These were in agreement with values inferred from single‐station diurnal curve analysis, which also showed that respiration was dominant in the lower reach where photo‐synthetic activity was inhibited by shade. The relatively large reaeration coefficients ensure that parts of the stream do not become anoxic at night time. Better riparian management and reduced nutrient inputs are likely to improve stream water quality.     

基于3维全景地图的重大环境风险源管理系统构建研究

从环境风险源的可视化管理和应急辅助决策出发,提出了基于3维全景地图的环境风险源管理系统的技术架构,研究了3维全景地图数据的建设过程,并基于3维全景技术实现了环境风险源的全面管控,其研究成果对于其他省市环境风险源的日常监管、应急处置等具有较好的参考价值。     

环境考古视角下的丝绸之路早期城址:从河西走廊到中亚

根据年代和考古遗址的空间分布,对河西走廊东部民勤三角城、金昌三角城,新疆的奎玉克协海尔古城,以及中亚的Kyzyl tepa古城的年代、形状、筑造方式等做了对比,并分析了不同时期的古城址和同区域的考古文化遗址之间的空间关系.结果 表明,这3个地区的古城址大致形成于相近的时代,且都是就地取材,充分利用原始的地势而筑城.城墙...     

Environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations in mid-eastern provinces and cities of China

The studies on environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations are helpful to design and implement environmental protection countermeasures.In order to eliminate the adverse effects of insufficient observation values on the accuracy of regression results and dynamic information quantity of fitting equation during empirical study,panel data of the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China from 1985 to 2007 were selected based on the adjustment of classical regression model in this paper.Panel unit root test and panel cointegration analysis method were applied to investigating the environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China and its three groups divided by foreign trade dependence.The results show that all scale effects are positive,while all technical effects are negative and unable to counteract positive scale effects.Foreign trade development is regarded as an important cause for outstanding eco-environmental problems in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China.Total effects and structural effects are significantly different among different groups because of spatial variations in environmental policies,export destinations,source of FDI,etc.Following the principle of′coordinating generality and considering differences comprehensively′,it is essential to issue a series of policies and countermeasures corresponding to differences in regional environmental effect of foreign trade,in order to coordinate the relationship between foreign trade development and eco-environment in each region.     

青藏公路沿线土壤微生物数量变化及其影响因素研究

以青藏公路沿线土壤为研究对象, 研究了土壤可培养微生物数量的变化特征及影响因子. 结果表明: 青藏公路沿线土壤可培养微生物数量为0.77×10⁶~2.44×10⁷CFU·g^-1dw; 沿青藏公路从南(申格里贡山)到北(西大滩), 土壤可培养细菌与真菌数量表现为先迅速减少, 然后渐趋平缓; 可培养放线菌数量先减少后增加; 土壤总氮、 有机碳和含水量逐渐降低, 而pH值逐渐升高. C/N比率与真菌/细菌比率变化趋势相似, 均为先增加后减少. 土壤可培养微生物数量与理化因子的相关性分析结果表明: 青藏公路沿线土壤微生物数量主要受纬度和土壤理化性质的影响, 表现为微生物数量与纬度和pH值显著负相关, 而与总氮、 有机碳和含水量极显著正相关.     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定环境水样中间甲苯酚

针对环境中痕量的间甲苯酚用一般仪器很难直接分析测定的问题,提出将分散液液微萃取技术与气相色谱联用测定环境水样中间甲苯酚的新方法.实验考察了影响分散液液微萃取效率的因素,包括萃取剂种类和用量、分散剂种类和用量、萃取时间、离心时间和盐度等,确定了最佳萃取条件为:200μL氯苯(萃取剂)和2.5mL丙酮(分散剂)混匀后,快速注入水样,室温静置8min,以3000r/min离心8rain,吸取1μL沉积相进行气相色谱分析.实验结果为:在最佳的萃取条件下,间甲苯酚的富集倍数为98.7倍,方法的线性范围为0.05～50mg/L,检出限为4.2μg/L(S/N=3),相对标准偏差为5.64％.将方法用于实际水样的测定,水样的加标回收率在86％～～122％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.3％～7.3％(n=3),实验表明该方法操作简便快速、成本低、环境友好,可用于实际水样的测定.     

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