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91.
A. Douaik M. van Meirvenne T. Tóth M. Serre 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2004,18(4):219-227
The mapping of saline soils is the first task before any reclamation effort. Reclamation is based on the knowledge of soil salinity in space and how it evolves with time. Soil salinity is traditionally determined by soil sampling and laboratory analysis. Recently, it became possible to complement these hard data with soft secondary data made available using field sensors like electrode probes. In this study, we had two data sets. The first includes measurements of field salinity (ECa) at 413 locations and 19 time instants. The second, which is a subset of the first (13 to 20 locations), contains, in addition to ECa, salinity determined in the laboratory (EC2.5). Based on a procedure of cross-validation, we compared the prediction performance in the space-time domain of 3 methods: kriging using either only hard data (HK) or hard and mid interval soft data (HMIK), and Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) using probabilistic soft data. We found that BME was less biased, more accurate and giving estimates, which were better correlated with the observed values than the two kriging techniques. In addition, BME allowed one to delineate with better detail saline from non-saline areas. 相似文献
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地理信息系统是国家信息资源的重要组成部分。地理信息技术经过20多年的飞速发展,已经渗透到社会各个方面,促使人们生产、生活方式发生深刻变化。我国地理信息系统(GIS)技术正在向信息化方向发展,并正在逐步成为面向21世纪的支柱产业一信息产业的重要组成部分。国际GIS技术的发展趋势,主要体现在两个方面,一是综合,二是分化。从空间信息处理的角度看,可将GIS的发展分为空间信息的管理、分析、模拟和调控四个阶段。GIS技术的应用表现在一是面向大型项目,二是面向公众。 相似文献
95.
The shear viscosities and 1 bar heat capacities of glasses and melts along the 67mol% silica isopleth in the system SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-TiO2 have been determined in the temperature ranges 780-1140 K and 305-1090 K respectively. Anomalous behaviour of both these properties is observed for compositions rich in TiO2 and/or Al2O3, an observation attributed to liquid-liquid phase separation followed by anatase crystallization. For samples which do not show anomalous behaviour, it is found that the partial molar heat capacity of the TiO2 component previously determined in Al-free compositions reproduces our heat capacities to within 1.3%. Viscosity data show that addition of TiO2 tends to increase viscosity and melt fragility at constant temperature. Furthermore, heat capacity and viscosity data may be combined within the framework of the Adam-Gibbs theory to extract values of the configurational entropy of the liquids and qualitative estimates of the variation of the average energy barrier to viscous flow. Configurational entropy at 900K is inferred to decrease upon addition of TiO2, in contrast to previous results from Al-free systems. The compositional limit separating normal from anomalous behaviour, as well as the data for homogenous melts have been used to constrain the structural role of Ti in these samples. Our data are consistent with a majority of Ti in five-fold coordination associated with a titanyl bond, in agreement with previous spectroscopic studies. Furthermore, we find no evidence for a Ti-Al interaction in our samples, and we are led to the conclusion that Al and Ti are incompletely mixed, a hypothesis consistent with the observed reduction of configurational entropy upon addition of TiO2, suggesting an important role of medium range order in controlling the variations in thermodynamic properties. 相似文献
96.
昆明市东川区泥石流信息系统的建立及其应用 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
根据东川区泥石流的成因、泥石流灾害信息源、各类数据的表达方式及泥石流信息系统的应用等,对东川区泥石流信息系统进行了系统分析,在此基础上利用3S技术,在ARCVIEW的AVENUE开发语言支持下,集成各类数据,建立东川区泥石流信息系统,最后讨论了该系统在泥石流危险度区划及灾害趋势分析中的应用。 相似文献
97.
赵桂宝 《地震地磁观测与研究》2005,(Z1)
地球科学是一门观测科学,地震观测是研究与应用的基础。地电阻率作为地震前兆观测手段之一,发挥着日益重要的作用,而良好的观测系统是产出连续、可靠、高质量数据的前提。因此,对观测系统的数字化改造工作必须予以高度重视。本文对嘉山台地电阻率数字化改造工作进行了简要介绍,并就一些技术问题进行了论述。 相似文献
98.
根据联合国有关机构发布的公报和世界各国近年来的学术研究情况,整理出了近期水文学科在地表水、地下水、水质、水资源系统、大气~土壤~植被、大陆侵蚀、冰雪、遥感技术和示踪技术等领域的热门研究课题,在一定程度上反映了当前国际上水文学科的研究和发展方向,对国内同行有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
99.
介绍了东海大桥钻孔灌注桩基础的施工技术 ,对一些关键技术做了详细说明 ,还讨论了海上钻孔灌注桩施工成孔设备的选择及所用的淡水泥浆的配制 相似文献
100.
Jonathan D. Phillips 《The Professional geographer》2005,57(1):83-93
Spatial systems are typically characterized by multiple controlling factors and processes operating at different spatial and temporal scales (multiple scale causality [MSC]). An entropy decomposition‐based approach to MSC is presented here in two contexts. First, given maps or distributions of an observed phenomenon at two or more scales, the contribution at more local or global (relative to the primary scale of observation) controls to the observed entropy can be estimated. Second, a theoretical treatment of the entropy decomposition equations shows that as the range of scale is increased by broadening or narrowing resolutions or by incorporating more controls, the influence of larger or smaller‐scale influences not only changes, but may change qualitatively, e.g., in terms of having positive (entropy‐increasing) or negative (information‐increasing) effects. Such qualitative causal shifts have implications for efforts to use any single causal explanation across the molecular to planetary spatial and instantaneous to geological range of scales relevant to physical geography. The entropy decomposition method is illustrated with an application to soil landscapes in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas. 相似文献