Petrological and Mineralogical Study of Enclaves in Plutons in the Typical Mining Districts of Tongling,Anhui and Its Bearing on the Process of Magmatism—Metallogeny

Two types of enclaves occur in magmatic plutons in Tongling,Anhui.Enclaves of the first type are residuals of metamorphic rocks of high amphibolite facies,and those of the other type are magmatic rocks ranging from monzonitic to dioritic in composition. A combined petrological and mineralogical study has been carried out on the two types of enclaves in order to estimate their forming conditions and analyze their relations to their hosts.so as to have an insight into the material sources of magmatic rocks and associated mineral deposits and give a clue to better understanding the mechanism of magmatism-metallogeny.This leads us to propose a new metallogenic model for strats-bound skarn-type ore deposits associated with a syntectic type of magmatic rocks.The new model can be simply summarized as partial melting of old metamorphic basement rocks at depth and accumulating,differentiating and positioning of magmas to form deep-level and shallow-level magma chambers,follower by mixing of different magmas associated with their crypto-explosion,migration of gas-bearing ore fluids and precipitation of metals in fluids within the magmas.     

Post-collisional plutonism with adakitic signatures： The Triassic Yangba granodiorite （Bikou terrane,northern Yangtze Block）

The post-collisional Yangba granodiorite intruded into the Bikou metasedimentary-volcanic group, southern Mianlue Suture, central China. The host granodiorites contain many mafic microgranular enclaves which have acicular apatite, phenocrysts of host granodiorites, implying that the enclaves have been incorporated as magma globules into host granodioritic magma and undergone rapid cooling. The variation trends of major and trace elements between enclaves and host rocks suggest a mixing and mingling process with respect to their petrogenesis. The mafic microgranular enclaves are characterized by shoshonite with SiO2≤〈63%, σ （4.54-6.18）〉3.3, high K2O content （4.22%-6.04%）, K2O/Na2O〉1; in the K2O-SiO2 diagram, all the samples plot in the shoshonite field, which are enriched in LILE and LREE, with obvious Nb, Ta negative anomalies, indicating a subducting fluid-metasomatised mantle source. Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating of the granodiorites yielded an age of 215.4±8.3 Ma, indicating they were formed during the late-orogenic or post-collisional stage （≤242±21 Ma） of the South Qinling Mountain Belt. The host granodiorites have many close compositional similarities to high-silica adakites from supra-subduction zone setting, but tend to have a higher concentration of K2O （3.22%-3.84%） and Mg^#. Chondrite-normalized rare-earth element patterns are characterized by high ratios of （La/Yb）N, the extreme HREE depletion and a lack of significant Eu anomalies. In conjunction with the high abundances of Ba and Sr as well as the low abundances of Y and HREE, these patterns suggest a feldspar-poor, garnet ± amphibole-rich fractionation mineral assemblage. High Mg^# values demonstrate that the host granodiorites were contaminated by enclave magma. On a whole, integrated geological and geochemical studies suggested the Yangba granodiorites and their mafic microgranular enclaves resulted from mixing of enriched mantle-derived shoshonitic magma and thickened lower crust-derived felsic magma. In combination w     

小兴安岭东南金山屯一带晚三叠世二长花岗岩成因及其地质意义

在小兴安岭东南端金山屯一带,广泛发育近南北向展布的晚三叠世似斑状二长花岗岩岩石组合,岩石中普遍见有暗色微细粒闪长质包体和中-基性脉岩群。对岩体及其包体、中-基性脉岩的宏观、微观特征和地球化学特征的研究表明,包体形态多呈浑圆的外形,显示出明显的塑性流变特点,具典型的岩浆结构包体中见针状磷灰石和含寄主岩钾长石、石英巨晶,具有明显的岩浆混合成因的包体特征;岩体的中-基性脉岩（群）形态多样,与花岗岩的界面或呈小波浪状或呈平直状,并见寄主岩长石斑晶,表现出壳幔混合作用形成的同深成岩墙群特征。该区晚三叠世二长花岗岩具显著的岩浆混合成因特征,其形成可能与碰撞后伸展动力学机制下的基性岩浆底侵作用有关。     

Multiple sources for the origin of granites: Geochemical and Nd/Sr isotopic evidence from the Gudaoling granite and its mafic enclaves, northeast China

Geochemical and Sr- and Nd-isotopic data have been determined for mafic to intermediate microgranular enclaves and host granitoids from the Early Cretaceous Gudaoling batholith in the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China. The rocks include monzogranite, porphyric granodiorite and quartz diorite. Monzogranites have relatively high ⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.672-0.853), low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7052-0.7086) and ε _Nd(t) values (−18.5 to −20.9) indicating that they were mainly derived from a newly underplated crustal source with a short crustal residence time. Quartz diorites have high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7118-0.7120) and negative ε _Nd(t) values (−13.2 to −18.1) coupled with high Al₂O₃ and MgO contents, indicating they were derived from enriched lithospheric mantle with contributions of radiogenic Sr from plagioclase-rich metagreywackes or meta-igneous rocks, i.e., ancient lower crust. Two groups of enclaves with igneous textures and abundant acicular apatites are distinguished: dioritic enclaves and biotite monzonitic enclaves. Dioritic enclaves have low Al₂O₃ (13.5-16.4 wt%) and high MgO (Mg# = ∼72.3) concentrations, low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7058-0.7073) and negative ε _Nd(t) values (∼−7.2), and are enriched in LILEs and LREEs and depleted in HFSEs, suggesting they were derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle source. Biotite monzonitic enclaves have Sr and Nd isotopic compositions similar to the monzogranites, indicating they were crystal cumulates of the parental magmas of these monzogranites. Granodiorites have transitional geochemistry and Nd- and Sr-isotopic compositions, intermediate between the monzogranites, quartz diorites and the enclaves.Geochemical and Sr- and Nd-isotopic compositions rule-out simple crystal-liquid fractionation or restite unmixing as the major genetic link between enclaves and host rocks. Instead, magma mixing of mafic mantle-derived and juvenile crustal-derived magmas, coupled with crystal fractionation and assimilation of ancient lower crust, is compatible with the data. This example shows that at least some calc-alkaline granitoids are not produced by pure intracrustal melting, but formed through a complex, multi-stage hybridization process, involving mantle- and crustal-derived magmas and several concomitant magmatic processes (crystal fractionation, crustal assimilation and crustal anatexis).     

广西米场花岗岩及其暗色微粒包体的地球化学特征和成因分析

本文对博白-岑溪断裂带西南段的米场黑云母花岗岩体及其包体进行了岩石学和地球化学研究.结果表明,米场黑云母花岗岩体暗色包体广泛分布,暗色包体中发育有碱性长石斑晶、暗色镶边的眼球状石英、针状磷灰石和包裹有内环带的斜长石等.寄主岩及暗色包体两者都为准铝质、高钾钙碱性系列岩石,其主要氧化物含量在Harker图解中多呈直线变异趋...     

西准噶尔夏尔莆岩体岩浆混合的锆石U-Pb年代学证据

尽管岩相学标志是识别岩浆混合的最直接、最重要的证据,但其寄主岩石、幔源包体及基性岩墙群的精确同位素定年则是对岩浆混合证据的重要补充。夏尔莆岩体由寄主岩石、微细粒镁铁质包体和中基性岩墙群组成,高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明三者的年龄分别为297.6±2.5Ma、298.2±8.0Ma、298.9±5.0Ma,在误差范围内一致,说明三者是同一岩浆事件的产物,为夏尔莆岩体岩浆混合成因提供了年代学证据。夏尔莆岩体的岩浆混合成因的确立证实了早二叠世西准噶尔地壳深部发生过强烈的壳幔岩浆混合作用,并导致了该地区一次重要的地壳垂向生长事件,而岩体中大量的微细粒镁铁质包体和中基性墙群正是这次生长事件的物质记录者。     

秦岭早中生代壳幔岩浆混合作用——来自东江口花岗岩体闪长质包体的地球化学证据

      东江口花岗岩及闪长质包体分别获得了218 Ma 和224 Ma 的形成年龄,闪长质包体中存在岩浆不平衡结构并发育与寄 主花岗岩相同的钾长石斑晶及淬冷形成的针状磷灰石,揭示了花岗岩形成过程中曾发生二元岩浆混合作用。这种混合作用 已造成寄主花岗岩和闪长质包体化学组成的趋同,同时使得它们的Sr-Nd-Pb 同位素组成发生强烈均一化。但暗色闪长质包 体锆石具有较宽的εHf（t ）值（-4.58~3.31）,保留了二端元岩浆源区的特征。秦岭早中生代同期闪长质包体锆石εHf（t ）＞ 10 及寄主花岗岩锆石εHf（t ）＜ -10 的差异表明,它们分别来自相对亏损地幔源区和中元古代滞留于地壳的幔源基性物质, 而两个源区的岩浆,自224 Ma 以来发生强烈混合作用,形成大规模的壳幔混合花岗岩体。     

北京房山花岗闪长岩体中包体的演化及闪长质微粒包体的成因

依据53个观察点2 615个包体的统计,将房山花岗闪长岩体中的包体划分为捕虏岩包体和微粒包体两大类.包体与岩体在组分上具有明显的浓度差,在物理化学上是不平衡的,包体与岩浆之间必然发生交互反应,从而形成包体的同心环带构造.捕虏岩包体环带构造特别发育,尤其是碳酸盐岩包体.根据50余个包体岩石薄片观察、矿物化学及岩石化学分析结果,将碳酸盐岩包体从早到晚的演化规律划分为4个阶段：热变质角岩化阶段→超镁铁质基性岩化阶段→中基性岩化阶段→中酸性岩化阶段,直至包体消失.56个微粒包体岩石薄片鉴定结果表明,其主要组成矿物是普通角闪石、黑云母和斜长石,组成和体积分数与闪长岩相当,因此又称为闪长质包体,定量统计结果表明,暗色闪长质包体的暗色矿物体积分数＞35％,浅色闪长质包体的暗色矿物体积分数＜35％,后者可构成前者的浅色边.根据闪长质微粒包体的宏观特征及分布规律、特殊的结构构造、主要造岩矿物与寄主岩的对比以及6 187个斜长石双晶类型百分率的成因分析得出,房山花岗闪长岩体中的闪长质微粒包体尽管有多种成因,但有不少可能是捕虏岩包体变质改造的结果.     

小兴安岭东南端晚石炭世大岭环斑花岗岩成因

在小兴安岭东南端的鹤岗—伊春市交界处大岭一带的晚石炭世弱片麻状中粒似斑状二长花岗岩中发育环斑结构长石,多以呈自形宽板状或宽板柱状的碱性长石内核和斜长石外薄壳组成,少量为不发育斜长石外壳的卵球状、球状,大小为1.5￣3.5cm,其特征与典型的环斑结构在岩相学上是相同的。另外岩体中普遍发育暗色微细粒闪长质包体,与环斑钾长石在时空上紧密相伴;包体具典型的岩浆结构及针状磷灰石,含寄主岩的钾长石、石英巨晶;包体形态多呈浑圆的外形,显示出明显的塑性流变特点,与寄主岩常呈明显的接触关系,有时呈过渡状、雾迷状;以上充分说明了包体为岩浆混合成因(MME)。通过对岩体地质、环斑结构钾长石似斑晶、暗色微细粒闪长质包体等特征及岩体的岩石化学、地球化学研究表明大岭环斑花岗岩岩体为岩浆混合成因,产于造山环境,其形成时代、产出构造背景均不同于典型环斑花岗岩。     

商城岩体岩石学特征及其成因探讨

本文以同源岩浆演化理论为指导思想，对组成商城岩体的楼坊湾、石鼓洼、肆顾墩三个单元，从其地质特征、岩石结构、构造、矿物成分及岩石地球化学特征等方面的演化规律，进行了较为详细的研究。认为其是由同一构造－热事件所产生的同源岩浆，经过三次涌动上侵所形成的复杂深成岩体。并且在岩石成因类型上为具有Ｉ型花岗岩地球化学特征的Ｓ型花岗岩。