Ideas of establishing the information system for emergence decisions on the protection against earthquakes and disaster reduction in cities (application of GIS)

With urban reformation and opening becoming deeper, the work of protection against earthquake and disaster reduction would be more important. In this paper, some ideas are suggested about establishing the information system for emergency decisions on protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in cities. The information system mainly includes a subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake (which includes input of seismic information, distribution of earthquake intensity, evaluation of seismic fragility on all social factors and etc.) and a subsystem for the decisive information of seismic emergency (which mainly includes project of disaster relief, project of personnel evacuation, dangerous degree warning for the dangerous articles-storing places and protection measures against them, assistant decision on fire due to earthquake, location of head-quarter for providing disaster relief, and etc.). It is thought that the data investigation and collection about all kinds of buildings (including lifeline engineering) are the most important and difficult work as establishing this system.     

Engineering geological and geotechnical responses of schistose rocks from dam project areas in India

For a rational and safer design of civil and mining engineering structures in or on rocks, a proper understanding of the quality of rock mass is required. To assess the rock mass quality, evaluation of physical and mechanical characteristics of the intact rocks is essential. Especially if the rock is anisotropic in nature, the genetic complexity associated with its petrofabric makes it more difficult to predict its behaviour. In this paper, a comprehensive study of the compositional, physical and geotechnical responses of four varieties of schists, i.e., quartzitic, chlorite, quartz mica and biotite schists obtained from two hydroelectrical project sites in the foot hills of Himalayas, India, has been presented.

Anisotropic strength behaviour of the schists has been brought out through the testing of specimens with varying orientation of schistosity with respect to the major principal stress under uniaxial and triaxial conditions. The significance of anisotropic response for consideration in the design is emphasized.     

城市突发性地质灾害应急处置中的若干基本问题探讨

针对城市是地质灾害的重大＂承载体＂这一特点,本文分析了城市地质灾害的特点及其危害,系统探讨了城市突发性地质灾害应急处置中的一系列基本问题,对我国城市突发性地质灾害应急处置工作的有效开展、政府防灾减灾目标的更好实现具有广泛的现实指导意义。     

Fast responses of Northern Hemisphere winter daily circulation to anthropogenic aerosols

Anthropogenic aerosols (AA) have significantly caused anomalous winter mean atmospheric circulation over the Northern Hemisphere, but the main daily patterns of winter large-scale circulation change are not well understood. Here a self-organizing map analysis is applied to identify the leading patterns in AA-induced winter daily geopotential height (Z) anomaly fields simulated by three atmospheric general circulation models, with a focus on fast adjustments. Two winter daily circulation response patterns with a synoptic time scale are found: one pattern shows concurring Z anomalies over North America and North Asia with the same sign and the Bering Sea seeing the opposite, resembling the Asia–Bering–North American teleconnection; while the other is the Arctic Oscillation-like pattern with similar Z anomalies over North Pacific and North Atlantic and the opposite over the Arctic region. The AA-induced anomalous precipitation over the tropics and anomalous synoptic eddy activities over the extratropical oceans concur to support and maintain these circulation anomaly patterns. The winter-mean climate responses to AA can be understood as a result of these daily anomaly patterns, especially over the higher latitudes. Specifically, the associated changes in surface air temperature (SAT) over the mid-high latitudes are caused by the AA-driven meridional movements of polar (cold and dry) airmass and midlatitude (warm and moist) airmass in the regions, mainly through the relevant surface downward longwave radiation. This study highlights the role of AA in altering daily weather patterns, which is not sufficiently captured by seasonal mean responses.     

车载应急气象台防雷设计

车载应急服务移动气象台主要用于突发性事件、重大气象灾害、重大社会活动等应急气象保障工作,使抢险救灾和重大社会活动现场气象服务更直接、更及时、更有效。体现了气象工作在不同环境和恶劣自然条件下开展气象观测、探测、天气预报预测,提供准确的气象预报服务能力。     

2008年5月12日四川汶川8.0级地震震灾及救援简介

介绍了汶川地震的基本参数、灾情和救援以及国家对待这次地震的处理方法。     

汶川大地震中德阳市水库土坝的震害特征

汶川特大地震给四川省德阳市水库土坝造成了不同程度的震损。依据德阳市境内66座高危以上险情水库土坝震害考察资料和现场震害调查结果,对震损水库土坝进行了分类统计,研究其震害特征及震损原因,结果表明：小型水库均质土坝在此次地震中震损数量最多、险情严重,且震害类型丰富;典型震害包括裂缝、滑坡、沉陷、渗漏以及泄水建筑物与其它附属设施损坏。以德阳市3座典型震损水库土坝为例,分析了水库土坝的基本情况、震前运行状况及震损情况,进而提出了有效的震后抢险措施。     

虚拟主机技术在宁夏地震应急指挥技术系统中的应用

虚拟机技术利用软件模拟硬件及系统环境,应用日益广泛。对常用虚拟机做对比分析,给出使用 VMWare 实现宁夏地震应急指挥技术系统部署的具体实例,对应用效果做总结分析。     

地震应急桌面演练关键问题研究

地震应急桌面演练是一种检验政府、各单位和基层组织应对地震等突发事件应急处置能力的有效手段。本文在分析了国内外桌面演练现状的基础上,结合国务院抗震救灾指挥部桌面演练的实战经验和地方地震部门地震应急桌面演练,总结出桌面演练的定义和分类,分析了桌面演练的关键环节,对桌面演练的研究工作进行了简要的总结,分析了桌面演练的效果和未来发展的前景。     

浙江温州4.6级地震群前宁波地震台水温异常特征讨论

浙江温州ML 4.6震群是宁波地震台ZK03井水温观测5年多来碰到的300 km内,第1个4.5级以上的地震事件;虽然还没有达到本学科认为的预报效能范围内的地震,但震前该台水温测值临震异常比较明显,主要表现为一个"方波"形态的异常现象,最大异常量达正常日均上升速率的30倍.异常形态与过去8级地震前有明显的不同,说明异常作用源发生了变化;据此,作了一定程度的短期预报尝试.水温出现的异常可能是孕震中断层面缓慢产生"流变体"滑动形成的长周期波,通过上地幔或软流层传播而造成的.同时,这种长周期波还可能造成观测井周边地下微裂隙张开或闭合,使地下流体发生了微小的温度变化,被高精度的测温仪器记录下来.