中国东部玄武岩风化土壤的粘土矿物及碳 汇地球化学研究

     玄武岩风化是大气CO2 的一个主要碳汇过程,气候条件是影响玄武岩风化和固碳速率的重要因素。该文选择中国东 部不同气候带的新生代玄武岩典型风化剖面,进行了粘土矿物和常量元素分析。结果显示,在内蒙古-海南岛的采样区间内, 随着气候条件由干冷向暖湿转化,风化剖面中粘土矿物组合呈现蒙脱石+ 伊利石+ 高岭石→蒙脱石+ 高岭石→高岭石+ 三水 铝石的转变。剖面中土壤元素得失状况也显示出相应的规律,由于存在粉尘输入与风化淋滤作用的综合影响,在干冷的内 蒙古地区,粉尘对于Ca,K,Na,Si 等元素的输入量大于这些元素的淋失量;在山东地区,Ca,K,Na 元素开始快速淋失, 大于粉尘的输入量;在苏皖地区,Si 元素的淋失量开始小于粉尘输入量;而在湿热的海南地区,风化作用强烈,Si显示出 大量淋失的特点,碱性元素几乎全部流失。根据元素的相对得失率和北方粉尘平均组分的校正,初步估算了研究区内玄武 岩风化对大气CO2 的消耗速率,其数值在5.37~181.00 t（km2·a）之间,与Dessert 等（2003）的研究结果大致相当。     

女性乳腺癌MRI扩散特征与HER-2表达相关性初步研究

目的:探讨女性乳腺癌MR扩散加权成像(DWI)表观扩散系数(ADC)与HER-2表达的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2018年至2019年于本院就诊并经手术证实的31例女性乳腺癌患者MR功能成像中病灶组织的扩散特征及ADC的范围,并使用免疫组织化学方法观察HER-2受体表达的情况。结果:乳腺癌组织在DWI图像b=0序列上呈等信号,而在b=800序列上呈高信号;所有病例病灶组织ADC的范围约为(0.78±0.18)×10^-3/mm²;HER-2阳性表达的患者ADC范围约为(0.88±0.27)×10^-3/mm²;HER-2阴性表达的患者ADC范围约为(0.77±0.19)×10^-3/mm²。结论:HER-2阳性表达的患者ADC值较阴性表达者的ADC高,在ADC为(0.88±0.27)×10^-3/mm²范围内HER-2阳性表达率较高,由此可见MR功能成像中ADC对女性乳腺癌患者的临床病理分型及术后治疗方案的选择有重要的参考...     

基于核函数NPSSB模型的HY-2A卫星雷达高度计海况偏差研究

利用机器学习的方法,对14个周期HY-2A卫星高度计数据:风速、有效波高和海面高度差值进行训练,探究海况偏差和风速、有效波高之间的关系,创建海况偏差核函数非参数模型(NPSSB),并与参数模型中具有代表性的BM3、BM4模型进行对比。研究表明:(1)核函数NPSSB模型能够很好的反映SSB与U、SWH之间的关系,SSB与U呈二次函数关系,SSB与SWH呈反比例函数关系;(2)核函数NPSSB模型对SSB的模拟能力与训练数据集相关,数据量越多,模拟能力越好;(3)核函数NPSSB模型与BM3、BM4模型都存在0～-0.03 m的差值,随着风速和有效波高的增加,差值的绝对值越大。     

四种重金属对刺参幼参的急性致毒效应

采用静水试验法,在水温18.5℃~20℃的条件下,用Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 和Cr6 四种重金属对刺参幼参进行了单一急性毒性试验。结果表明:Cu2 对刺参幼参的24h,48h,72h和96hLC50分别为0.299,0.176,0.133和0.120mg/L;Zn2 的24h,48h,72h和96hLC50分别为6.700,3.624,2.577和1.951mg/L;Cd2 的24h,48h和72hLC50分别为4.246,2.588和2.137mg/L;Cr6 的24h,48h和72hLC50分别为31.974,7.499和3.808mg/L;Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 和Cr6 对刺参幼参的安全浓度分别为0.018,0.362,0.259和0.750mg/L。四种重金属对刺参幼参的毒性大小依次为Cu2 >Cd2 >Zn2 >Cr6 。     

Geochemical environment of Cenomanian - Turonian black shale deposition at Wunstorf (northern Germany)

Major- and minor- element determinations were carried out on a high-resolution sample set obtained from a sediment drill core at Wunstorf (N. Germany). This study interval includes the black shale-bearing Hesseltal Formation associated with the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2), also referred to as Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event (CTBE). Seven black shale packages, each containing several black shale layers, were defined by elevated TOC values, with black shale packages 1-4 deposited during OAE 2. Packages 5-7 extend above the level of the positive carbon-isotope excursion defining OAE 2, indicating that conditions favouring organic carbon burial must have prevailed longer in the Wunstorf Basin than elsewhere. Geochemical analyses revealed no significant differences between black shale packages deposited during and after OAE 2. Enrichment patterns of sulphur, iron and redox-sensitive and sulphide-forming trace metals point to suboxic to anoxic conditions existing at the sediment-water interface during black shale deposition, whereas sulphidic conditions prevailed deeper in the sediment. Variations in element/Al ratios follow cyclic patterns which are interpreted to represent climatically-induced changes in sediment supply. Reduced vertical mixing led to water-column stratification and caused black shale deposition.     

基于ASTER与Sentinel-2A融合数据的云南普朗铜矿化蚀变信息提取

云南普朗铜矿区是我国提高战略性金属矿产铜矿资源的主要潜力地段,该矿区位于多云多雨山地高原区,采用传统地面调查方法开展找矿勘查工作受限较大,而遥感技术可在其中发挥重要作用。鉴于此,本研究选取ASTER和Sentinel-2A多光谱遥感数据,在光谱协同统一两种数据源的地表反射率基础上,采用高通滤波(High-Pass Filtering,HPF)的融合方法兼顾两种数据在短波红外波段和可见光近红外波段的优势,获取了具有高空间分辨率和高光谱保真度的ASTER-Sentinel-2A融合数据集;进而利用"比值+主成分分析法"与"主成分分析+能谱-面积法",开展了普朗铜矿区矿化遥感蚀变信息识别,并通过深入分析及野外验证,提出了对普朗铜矿蚀变信息分布特征及找矿潜力地带的新认识:(1)在原蚀变填图工作中判定为青磐岩化带的东部区域,重新进行了蚀变带的划分;(2)东部区域中新划分的钾化硅化带和绢英岩化带,具有较大找矿潜力。本研究可为普朗铜矿找矿勘查提供参考。     

基于颗粒流方法的堆积层滑坡运动过程模拟

以颗粒流离散元为研究方法对勉县杨家湾十组堆积层滑坡破坏方式与运动过程进行数值模拟研究。通过PFC^2D双轴模拟试验所标定的岩土体宏观模拟参数与室内试验所获取的宏观实测参数进行对比,确定堆积层滑坡所需的颗粒细观参数,然后将标定的细观参数代入堆积层滑坡模型,对滑坡破坏方式及运动过程进行模拟研究。结果表明：滑坡破坏在初始阶段蠕滑变形累积,滑坡体挤压坡脚,直至坡脚产生剪切破坏,并向上牵引发展,使得滑坡整体顺接触面破坏下滑并堆积于坡脚,表现为典型的牵引式渐进破坏,结果与实际情况基本吻合。研究认为,采用颗粒流方法对堆积层滑坡破坏与运动过程的模拟研究具有较高的适用性,对该类滑坡防治具有一定的参考意义。     

2D Coupled 3D:A New Numerical Model for Dual - Structured - Aquifer System

２Ｄ　Ｃｏｕｐｌｅｄ　３Ｄ：Ａ　Ｎｅｗ　Ｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌ　Ｍｏｄｅｌ　ｆｏｒＤｕａｌ－Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｄ－Ａｑｕｉｆｅｒ　Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ￥ＣｈｅｎＣｈｏｎｇｘｉ；ＦａｎｇＳｈｕｚｈｅｎ；ＬｉｎＭｉｎ（ＦａｃｕｌｔｙｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃ...     

大气污染物质SO2对雾水酸度的控制作用

主要研究了青岛大气污染物质ＳＯ２对雾水酸度的控制作用，用实测结果统计得到雾得水ＰＨ值与Ｃｓｏ２的经验关系式，青岛、烟台等地雾水ｐＨ值与计算值吻合一致，表明统计关系的合理性。通过对青岛雾水中ＳＯ２清除率的估算，说明在青岛雾期，人为污染物质所占比值越高，其污染物质沉降百分率也越高，存留在大气雾中百分率就愈低。     

Multi-Model Projection of July–August Climate Extreme Changes over China under CO_2 Doubling. Part II: Temperature

This is the second part of the authors’ analysis on the output of 24 coupled climate models from the Twentieth-Century Climate in Coupled Models (20C3M) experiment and 1% per year CO 2 increase experiment (to doubling) (1pctto2x) of phase 3 of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP3). The study focuses on the potential changes of July–August temperature extremes over China. The pattern correlation coefficients of the simulated temperature with the observations are 0.6–0.9, which are higher than the results for precipitation. However, most models have cold bias compared to observation, with a larger cold bias over western China (>5°C) than over eastern China (<2°C). The multi-model ensemble (MME) exhibits a significant increase of temperature under the 1pctto2x scenario. The amplitude of the MME warming shows a northwest–southeast decreasing gradient. The warming spread among the models (～1°C– 2°C) is less than MME warming (～2°C–4°C), indicating a relatively robust temperature change under CO 2 doubling. Further analysis of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled climate model version 2.1 (GFDL-CM2.1) simulations suggests that the warming pattern may be related to heat transport by summer monsoons. The contrast of cloud effects also has contributions. The different vertical structures of warming over northwestern China and southeastern China may be attributed to the different natures of vertical circulations. The deep, moist convection over southeastern China is an effective mechanism for "transporting" the warming upward, leading to more upper-level warming. In northwestern China, the warming is more surface-orientated, possibly due to the shallow, dry convection.