Seasonal variation of airborne fungi of the Tiantishan Grottoes and Western Xia Museum,Wuwei, China

In this study, a systematic survey of cultural airborne fungi was carried out in the occurrence environments of wall paintings that are preserved in the Tiantishan Grottoes and the Western Xia Museum, China. A bio-aerosol sampler was used for sampling in four seasons in 2016. Culture-dependent and -independent methods were taken to acquire airborne fungal concentration and purified strains; by the extraction of genomic DNA, amplification of fungal ITS rRNA gene region, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, thereafter the fungal community composition and distribution characteristics of different study sites were clarified. We disclosure the main environmental factors which may be responsible for dynamic changes of airborne fungi at the sampling sites. The concentration of cultural airborne fungi was in a range from 13 to 1,576 CFU/m³, no significant difference between the two sites at the Tiantishan Grottoes, with obvious characteristics of seasonal variation, in winter and spring were higher than in summer and autumn. Also, there was a significant difference in fungal concentration between the inside and outside of the Western Xia Museum, the outside of the museum was far more than the inside of the museum in the four seasons, particularly in the winter. Eight fungal genera were detected, including Cladosporium, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Filobasidium as the dominant groups. The airborne fungal community structures of the Tiantishan Grottoes show a distinct characteristic of seasonal variation and spatial distribution. Relative humidity, temperature and seasonal rainfall influence airborne fungal distribution. Some of the isolated strains have the potential to cause biodeterioration of ancient wall paintings. This study provides supporting information for the pre-warning conservation of cultural relics that are preserved at local sites and inside museums.     

海洋真菌ZJ27 次级代谢产物的抑菌活性的研究

对从南海海藻内生真菌ZJ27次级代谢产物中分离得到的5种化合物进行抑菌活性的研究,采用96孔板法测定化合物对蜡状芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、白色葡萄球菌、藤黄八叠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等6种细菌的抑制活性,并用生长速率法测定化合物对黑曲霉、尖孢镰刀菌、立枯丝核菌和白色念珠菌等4种真菌的抑制活性。化合物对上述6种细菌均有不同的抑制作用,其中化合物1对枯草芽孢杆菌、白色葡萄球菌和藤黄八叠球菌有很好的抑制作用,MIC值分别为0.1、0.2、0.2μmol/mL。化合物1和2对黑曲霉、尖孢镰刀菌、立枯丝核菌和白色念珠菌也有很好的抑制作用,化合物1对这4种真菌的IC50分别为15.06、3.09、3.68、8.19μmol/mL,化合物2相应的IC50为22.28、21.32、8.18、21.75μmol/mL。化合物1和2作为天然抗菌物质,具有广谱抑菌效果,具有较高的应用潜力和综合开发前景。     

Tropical Marine Fungi*

Abstract. Marine Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes were collected in tropical and subtropical regions (Australia, Belize, Fiji, Hawaii, Marshall Islands, Mexico, New Zealand, Palau, Thailand), and the known range of distribution for these fungi was extended. Exclusively tropical are 27 taxa, 9 are probably restricted to the tropics also, and 11 are cosmopolitan. Distribution maps are given for 5 taxa. New species (4), varieties (3), and combinations (2) of Ascomycetes are proposed, and keys to the taxa of Halosarpheia and Lulworthia are presented. Most of the species are decomposers of mangrove parts or of detritus in sandy beaches. Nine new host plants were found. Marine Ascomycetes were discovered for the first time living in shells of foraminifera.     

海洋真菌及其生物活性物质多样性研究

海洋微生物种类繁多,是筛选新药的丰富资源宝库。近些年来,作为海洋微生物中重要的组成部分的海洋真菌正成为研究的热点,越来越受到国内外学者的关注。本文详细概述了海洋真菌的定义、分布、海洋真菌研究的历史和现状、其所产生的生物活性物质多样性以及存在的问题。     

食用海藻对肠道菌群及肠道微环境影响的研究

综述了食用海藻对大鼠盲肠肠道菌群及肠道微环境的影响。大鼠喂食添加紫菜等 9种食用海藻的饲料后 ,均能对其盲肠微生物区系及代谢产物和血清脂质水平产生不同的影响 :使肠道中的双歧杆菌数量增加 ,p H值降低 ;抑制血清甘油三酯及血清游离脂肪酸含量。从而改善肠内的生态环境     

海洋木栖真菌抗菌活性的初步研究

从福建厦门海沧、集美及漳州浮宫等地采集到的红树林等海洋潮间带的各种腐木样品中分离得到176株海洋木栖真菌,对其进行抗菌活性检测.其结果表明共有96株海洋木栖真菌对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌及白色假丝酵母中的一种或多种拮抗指示菌具有抑制作用,占供测菌株总数的54.5%.在这些活性菌株中,红树源菌株拮抗比例为30.2%,非红树源菌株拮抗比例为69.8%.具有抗菌活性的菌株主要分布于15个属中,包括木霉Trichoderma、青霉Penicillium、拟青霉Paecilomyces和一些不产孢的分类群.某些稀有真菌如盘多毛孢Pestalotia、茎点霉Phoma也具有一定的抗菌活性.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001320

Ectomycorrhizal fungi,a group of widcspread symbiotic fungi with plant,obtain carbon source from trees and improve plant mineral nutrient uptake with their widespread hyphal network.Ectomycorrhizal fun...     

大獭蛤软体部营养成分的分析与评价

对大獭蛤(Lutraria maxima)软体部进行营养成分分析,并对其营养价值进行综合评定。结果表明,大獭蛤软体部粗蛋白含量为81.20%,干物质中水解氨基酸总量为83.50%,其中必需氨基酸为30.22%,占氨基酸总量的36.19%;氨基酸中6种呈味氨基酸含量丰富,占氨基酸总量的53.81%;大獭蛤软体部第一限制氨基酸为亮氨酸;矿物质含量丰富。可见,大獭蛤软体部营养价值高,呈味特性良好。     

Screening of marine fungus from Nanji Island and activity of their metabolites against pathogenic Vibrio from Pseudosciaena crocea

Seventy-eight marine fungal strains were isolated from sediment samples collected off the coast of Nanji Island,Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province,China.Antibacterial screening using the agar disc method showed that 19 of the isolated strains could inhibit at least one pathogenic Vibrio from Pseudosciaena crocea.Subsequent screening confirmed that nine strains produced antibacterial metabolites that had activity against one or several types of pathogenic Vibrio.Strain NJ0104 had the widest antimicrobial spectrum and strong activity,particularly against Vibrio parahaemolyticus-MM0810072.A preliminary study of NJ0104 antibacterial metabolites demonstrated that they had thermal stability up to 80°C,ultraviolet stability up to 40 min and pH stability between 4.0-7.0.In addition,the antibacterial metabolites were readily soluble in butanol.To identify the specific strain,the ITS-5.8S rDNA regions of NJ0104 were PCR amplified and sequenced.Based on the combination of phenotypic and genotypic data,the strain was identified as Arthrinium sp.     

徐闻8种珊瑚共附生真菌的分离及初步鉴定

从徐闻珊瑚保护区的8种珊瑚中分离共附生真菌,以获得珊瑚共附生可培养真菌的多样性信息。选用5种培养基,采用平板涂布法培养分离共附生真菌,并进行形态鉴定。8种珊瑚共分离121株真菌,鉴定了其中97株真菌,分属于14个属,青霉属和枝孢霉为优势种属,其次是曲霉属和木霉属。二异角孔珊瑚上分离出22株,数量最多;盔型珊瑚上分离菌株数量最少仅8株。除优势种属外,不同珊瑚样品上真菌种类分布有较大差异,炭角菌属和葡萄穗霉菌属均来源于盔形珊瑚,镰刀菌属在盔形珊瑚和角孔珊瑚上较为常见,盔形珊瑚样品上还分离出2株散囊菌属,1株节菱孢属,因此盔形珊瑚的种群最为丰富;不同培养基分离真菌的能力不同,淀粉培养基分离的菌株最多占所有分离菌株的30.6%,CDA培养基最少,但种类特异。