微型抗滑桩土拱效应空间特征的细观力学分析

目前研究中大多将土拱效应简化为平面应变问题,而微型抗滑桩由于桩径小,在承担滑坡推力时将发生较大的变形,其土拱效应的产生和发展具有明显的三维空间特征,目前的研究方法难以考虑这一问题。为此采用基于离散单元法的颗粒元程序PFC3D,利用平行黏结模型建立微型抗滑桩进行分析。模拟结果显示,微型抗滑桩系统中土拱主要出现在接近滑面的深部和中部土体中,浅部土体中土拱受到桩身位移的影响无法成型,且桩间以水平土拱为主,桩长和桩身刚度对微型抗滑桩系统的土拱分布影响不大;随着桩间距的增加,土拱的形成受到显著影响。     

基于自平衡试桩法大直径嵌岩桩尺寸效应分析

基于自平衡测试技术,通过现场的原位测试方法,对大直径嵌岩桩的尺寸效应进行了研究,内容包括桩径尺寸和嵌岩深度变化以及桩端阻力尺寸效应的影响分析等。从测试结果来看,嵌岩桩也存在一定程度的尺寸效应现象。当其他条件一定时,随着桩径的增大,桩侧阻力存在着减小现象;在同一种岩层的情况下,随着嵌岩深度的增大,桩侧阻力发挥也并不相同,嵌岩深度越大,桩侧阻力发挥也越小。实测结果表明,桩周岩石的特性变化对桩侧阻力影响最大,岩石抗压强度越高,桩侧阻力也越大。此外,桩径的变化对桩端阻力的影响更为明显。因此,在大直径嵌岩桩的设计中应注意尺寸效应对桩基承载力的影响。     

Variability and management patterns of range resources in the Baro River plain, Ethiopia

The biophysical environment of rangelands in the arid and semi-arid lowland parts of Africa is customarily viewed as a homogenous entity. Such notion has encouraged employing a blanket management approach. However, there are perceptible variations within them which necessitate site-specific range management. This study has attempted to identify the variability of soil and forage attributes and assess the existing management practices of those resources in the Baro River plain, Ethiopia. Sample transects, representing pre- and post-fire conditions, were used to collect composite soil samples and vegetation attributes. Alongside the physical survey, a household survey was undertaken to validate the laboratory-generated information. The result showed significant differences of soil and forage attributes among different management regimes, distances from river course and dominant cover types. In general, the distribution of soil nutrients showed a 'distance decay effect', while the distribution of pH showed the reverse pattern. Application of heavy fire load and congested grazing are the principal range management related factors. About 80 per cent of sample pastoralists employ heavy fire without due consideration for the sustainability of the range resource and without considering the local variability. Recognition of site-specific information is the key to effective management of range resources in the study area.     

广西崇左市可持续综合发展及对策初探

以我国西部新兴边贸城市崇左市为研究区域,根据社会经济发展、资源—能源消耗及环境污染的相互关系,结合生态学表现,利用三角模型工具分析评估区域经济可持续发展状况和长期趋势。探求崇左市1985~2005年可持续综合利用情况,对研究区经济发展现状问题的解决具有实用价值,对区域经济的可持续综合利用具有方法论意义。结果表明2005年崇左市可持续综合发展处于一般可持续性状态,且区域内7个行政子单元可持续综合发展水平介于弱可持续性到一般可持续性状态,东南部可持续综合发展状况优于西北部。崇左市可持续综合发展水平1985~1990年呈一般可持续性趋势;1991~1995年呈强可持续性趋势;1996~2000年呈一般可持续性趋势;2001~2005年呈一般可持续性趋势,但较前一阶段有下降趋势。这些状况和趋势与近20年间崇左市大力发展经济,加大环境保护力度有一定关系。     

长三角地区经济极化过程与空间演变分析

在经济极化研究的基础上, 首先利用ER指数和TW指数对长三角1990-2010 年的经济极化趋势进行测度, 从整体上把握区域经济极化的演变过程;其次, 选取1997、2001、2006 和2010 年这4 个典型年份, 从极化效应与扩散效应的角度对长三角地区的经济极化过程进行科学分析, 总结其空间格局的演化规律。研究发现:①从极化指数的动态演变过程来看, 长三角地区的经济极化水平在1990-2010 年间呈现出波动上升的变化趋势, 并通过极化的初始定义对上述论断进行了验证;②从极化理论的两大效应来看, 长三角地区的极化效应在研究时段内经历了一个先扩大再缩小的变化过程, 而其扩散效应在研究时段内是逐渐增强的;③从经济极化的空间格局来看, 长三角地区在近10 多年的时间里呈现出“箭头”型-“Z”字型-“M”字型-“区”字型的变化过程, 未来借助相关基础设施束扩散效应的增强, 本地区空间格局有望向网络型转变。     

曲率半径对大温差地区小半径曲线梁桥地震响应影响分析

为研究曲率半径和近断层脉冲效应对大温差地区小半径曲线梁桥在地震作用下的动力响应和碰撞效应的影响规律,以某大温差地区曲线梁桥为研究对象,建立不同曲率半径的全桥非线性有限元模型,考虑温度变化对支座性能和伸缩缝间距的影响,开展桥梁地震响应分析.结果表明:随着主梁曲率半径增大,墩底内力响应逐渐增加,邻梁间碰撞效应逐渐增强;温度...     

A qualitative study of seismic-ionospheric precursor phenomena monitored by a very close to the epicenter VLF and LF receiver

This work investigates the occurrence of disturbances across a wide range of VLF and LF frequencies received prior to a seismic event (Mw = 4), that took place on May 12th 2012, the epicenter of which was very close (14 km) to the VLF/LF station. The signals analyzed were emitted from five VLF and five LF European transmitters. This seismic event produced precursory ionospheric disturbances, identified as spectral distortion, three days before its occurrence, providing a distinct pattern open to further investigation. Although the basis of the ionosphere interaction with seismic phenomena has been well documented in previous studies, the close proximity of the receiver to the seismic event provides a new perspective to this study. The monitored signals have undergone normalization and then they have been processed by means of the Hilbert-Huang Transform. Diagrams of the signals relevant to the phenomena are presented and the disturbances that are present in the raw data are accentuated through further processing.     

Radiofluorescence of quartz: A review

Radiofluorescence (RF) is the luminescence emitted during exposure to ionizing radiation. Charged particles or high-energy photons can be used as stimulation sources, and different designs for measurement equipment have been published. Only few studies have successfully used the quartz RF signal for dosimetry and dating. However, RF is a valuable tool in deciphering charge trafficking in quartz crystals, and also provides information for identifying types of defects causing specific luminescence emissions. Based on models for charge transfer in quartz, RF is seen as resulting from direct recombination of electrons with holes captured in recombination centers (or vice versa) during ionizing irradiation. Competition between reservoir and luminescent centers explains the initial decay of the modeled RF curve followed by a steady rise and also the observed ‘pre-dose’ effect. Emission spectra have been found to be similar to thermoluminescence (TL) spectra, with prevalent emissions in the UV and further emissions for some samples in the blue-green and red range. The high intensity levels and the possibility of choosing longer accumulation times compared to TL and OSL are advantages of RF for spectral measurements. Relative peak intensities in the emission spectra change with dose and absolute intensities with dose rate. Investigating the RF signal with changing measurement temperature allows calculating physical parameters of individual emissions that control thermal quenching. The degree of thermal quenching varies between the emissions, with most intense quenching in the UV. Sensitization of RF by several orders of magnitude has been observed after annealing at 500 °C.     

渗透作用下多孔介质中循环浓度污染物的迁移过程研究

根据饱和多孔介质中考虑释放效应的一维渗透作用的可溶性污染物的迁移控制方程,通过Laplace变换和Fourier变换及其逆变换求得相应的通解形式。根据半无限体表面可溶性污染物点源注入情形下的基本解,通过积分方法得到半无限体表面圆形区域上作用循环浓度污染物后,在多孔介质内部污染物迁移过程的求解方法。作为一个典型算例,对渗透作用下循环浓度污染源引起的多孔介质中的迁移过程进行分析。算例表明,当污染源浓度为周期变化时,多孔介质内部污染物的浓度随时间增长由不稳定的周期变化过程逐渐过渡到稳定的循环过程,而某一深度处污染物浓度的相位则相应滞后。此时,稳定后的污染物浓度周期与污染源浓度周期相同。实际上,随多孔介质表面污染源浓度的周期变化,在靠近多孔介质表面一定深度范围内的污染物浓度在深度方向也呈增大或减小的交替变化过程。另一方面,在污染源循环变化过程中污染物不断向深处推进,而最终其影响范围限定在某一深度内。