J-lay铺管作业力学分析

目前J-lay铺管法作为深水和超深水铺管的最适用方法广泛应用于深海油气开发。考虑J-lay铺管时管道几何非线性特征以及触地区边界效应,将J-lay铺管模型划分三构件进行力学分析:悬浮段、边界层段以及触地段。建立Orca Flex模型和引入Wang改进二构件模型,通过对比上述三种方法计算J-lay相应构型、轴力、弯矩和剪力分布,验证该三构件模型的可行性和考虑边界效应的必要性。基于Lamé公式计算管道横截面处轴向、径向以及环向应力,对比分析J-lay铺设管道应力分布特征。结果表明:该改进三构件模型能真实有效地模拟J-lay铺管过程中管道受力情况,特别是触地点附近弯矩和剪力变化情况,能为管道疲劳损伤分析提供理论基础。     

Vertical dynamic impedance of pile considering the dynamic stress diffusion effect of pile end soil

A new analytical model is presented to analyze the dynamic stress diffusion effect of pile end soil on the vertical dynamic impedance of the pile. The surrounding soil of the pile is modeled by using the plane strain model and the pile is simulated by using one-dimensional elastic theory. Finite soil layers below the pile end are modeled as conical fictitious soil pile with stress diffusion angle which reflects the dynamic stress diffusion effect of pile end soil. By means of the Laplace transform and impedance function transfer method, the analytical solution of the vertical dynamic impedance at the pile head in frequency domain is yielded. Then, a comparison with other models is performed to verify the conical fictitious soil pile model. Finally, based on the proposed solution, the selected numerical results are compared to analyze the influence of dynamic stress diffusion effect for different design parameters of the soil-pile system on the vertical dynamic impedance at the pile head.     

贸易便利化、对外直接投资的出口效应分析

贸易便利化、对外直接投资是影响出口的重要因素。运用主成分分析法对全球123个国家（地区）2009-2015年间的贸易便利化水平进行测算,并结合中国相应年份的对外直接投资、出口等相关数据构建随机前沿引力模型,分析贸易便利化、对外直接投资的出口效应,为进一步探析在贸易便利化不同的区域,中国对外直接投资与贸易便利化共同对中国出口的影响,依据贸易便利化水平的高低将样本分为便利化高、低的两组,分别再次进行回归分析。研究表明,贸易的便利化、对外直接投资可显著的促进中国出口,其每增长1%,可分别带动出口0.212%、0.56%的增长;东道国贸易便利化较好区域,对外直接投资、贸易便利化两者交叉项系数达0.23,而较差区域仅为0.07。     

The Implementation Effects of a Nationwide Sloping Farmland Soil Erosion Control Project in China

To understand implementation of a nationwide sloping farmland soil erosion comprehensive control project during China’s 12^th Five-Year Plan we used data collection and expert consultation. We selected 24 indexes across three aspects including project management, engineering construction and implementation benefit and used AHP-grey correlation analysis methods. We found that the scores for engineering construction were greater than 0.65 in most of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. These scores are high and scores for project management and implementation benefit are between 0.45-0.65; however, overall scores are low. The comprehensive evaluation results are normally distributed. The composite scores for Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou are 0.71, 0.68 and 0.68 respectively, indicating that the implementation effects are good. The scores for Jilin and Liaoning are 0.38 and 0.42 respectively, indicating that the implementation effects need improvement. Scores for other provinces are between 0.45-0.65 and the effects are medium. The evaluation results show certain zonal rules spatially and the implementation effect in karst regions of Southwest China is the highest, followed by the purple soil region in Southwest China, Loess Plateau region of Northwest China, earth-rock mountain region of North China and red soil hilly region of South China. The implementation effect in the black soil region of Northeast China suggests that improvement is needed in this region.     

一种更加严密的GNSS台站位移热弹性效应模型

GNSS基准站天线观测墩及其所在基岩会随地表温度变化产生热弹性形变,并累积为GNSS台站的位移.热弹性效应的定量分析对于准确分离GNSS基准站坐标时间序列中的信号和噪声具有重要意义.基于弹性力学和热弹性力学的相关理论,给出一维温度场下轴对称观测墩热弹性形变的解析解.结果表明,观测墩的垂向位移由观测墩和基岩的泊松比、热膨...     

Considering river structure and stability in the light of evolution: feedbacks between riparian vegetation and hydrogeomorphology

River ecological functioning can be conceptualized according to a four‐dimensional framework, based on the responses of aquatic and riparian communities to hydrogeomorphic constraints along the longitudinal, transverse, vertical and temporal dimensions of rivers. Contemporary riparian vegetation responds to river dynamics at ecological timescales, but riparian vegetation, in one form or another, has existed on Earth since at least the Middle Ordovician (c. 450 Ma) and has been a significant controlling factor on river geomorphology since the Late Silurian (c. 420 Ma). On such evolutionary timescales, plant adaptations to the fluvial environment and the subsequent effects of these adaptations on fluvial sediment and landform dynamics resulted in the emergence, from the Silurian to the Carboniferous, of a variety of contrasted fluvial biogeomorphic types where water flow, morphodynamics and vegetation interacted to different degrees. Here we identify several of these types and describe the consequences for biogeomorphic structure and stability (i.e. resistance and resilience), along the four river dimensions, of feedbacks between riparian plants and hydrogeomorphic processes on contrasting ecological and evolutionary timescales. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

京津冀生产性服务业空间分工特征及溢出效应

生产性服务业在京津冀地区的合理分工对于实现京津冀地区空间协调发展具有非常重要的推动作用。利用2003-2012年京津冀地区13个地级城市面板数据,测算了京津冀生产性服务业分工的空间特征与行业特征,并基于空间面板计量模型,实证检验了生产性服务业各行业在京津冀地区城市之间的空间外溢效应。主要结论：① 北京和天津在京津冀生产性服务业分工体系中都呈现出多样化的特征,而河北省11个城市则呈现出专业化特征,大多专注于金融服务业和交通运输业的发展;② 北京与天津之间的生产性服务业分工程度相对较低,并且从动态上两个城市的生产性服务业结构呈现趋同的趋势;③ 金融服务业、商务服务业、信服务业和交通运输业在京津冀地区的地方化程度较高,而科技服务业和房地产服务业的地方化程度则明显偏低。④ 地方化程度较低的科技服务业和房地产服务业在京津冀地区各城市间的空间外溢效应显著,但受交易成本和对“面对面”接触需求的影响,空间溢出效应随距离增加而衰减,在150 km范围内的空间溢出效应最强;而地方化程度相对较高的交通运输业、金融服务业和商务服务业的空间外溢效应则不显著。信息服务业在京津冀地区城市间的溢出仅体现在相邻城市之间。实证结果一定程度上反映生产性服务业各行业的地方化程度越低,城市之间的空间溢出越易实现。     

生猪养殖产业集聚演化的环境效应研究——以嘉兴市辖区为例

通过引入区位熵的方法,构建生猪养殖产业集聚演化的环境效应模型,旨在从理论层面揭示出生猪养殖污染本身的特殊性和内在的规律性。以嘉兴市辖区为样本的研究表明,生猪养殖污染集聚程度与生猪养殖产业集聚程度存在的倒U型曲线关系,本质上是生产的环境负外部性效应,以及对其实施纠正措施的演化轨迹。生猪养殖生产的环境负外部性效应曲线在污染治理政策的作用下,随着产业集聚程度的提高由向右上方倾斜而逐渐向下弯曲;在受到耕地资源约束时,会向上平移;在因下弯而减轻的污染集聚程度被因上移而增加的污染集聚程度所抵消并盖过时,污染治理政策则有可能是失效的。因此,生猪养殖污染治理政策的实施,必须将城镇化推进所引起的耕地资源的变化考虑在内。     

考虑挤土效应时楔形桩纵向振动阻抗研究

基于复刚度传递多圈层平面应变模型,研究考虑桩周土挤土效应时成层地基中楔形桩的纵向振动问题。首先根据桩周土体的纵向成层情况并考虑楔形桩的变截面特性,将桩土系统沿纵向划分为有限个微元段,对每个微元段的桩周土体建立复刚度传递多圈层平面应变模型,并通过剪切复刚度递推方法求得桩周土作用在桩身的剪切复刚度;然后将求得的剪切复刚度代入桩身纵向振动控制方程,运用Laplace变换技术和阻抗函数递推方法,推导得到考虑桩周土挤土效应时成层地基中楔形桩纵向振动时桩顶复阻抗的解析解;最后,采用参数研究方法在低频范围内分析挤土效应对桩顶复阻抗的影响及其规律。     

土体直剪力学特性颗粒尺度效应理论与试验研究

土体是一种颗粒物质,其强度与变形特性具有显著的颗粒尺度效应。根据土体颗粒间的连结性状和微重比,将土颗粒划分为基体颗粒与加强颗粒。构建了反映土体内部材料信息和颗粒特征信息的土体胞元,基于应变梯度理论建立可以描述土体颗粒尺度效应的土体胞元模型。设计一系列饱和重塑土的直接快剪试验以研究土体直剪力学特性的颗粒尺度效应,并定量计算了土体胞元模型的应变梯度和內禀尺度等微细观计算参数。试验结果表明,土体的剪切屈服应力随加强颗粒体积比和平均应变梯度的增加而增加,且与加强颗粒体积比呈近似线性关系,与平均应变梯度呈抛物线关系;加强颗粒粒径对土体的剪切屈服应力影响不明显。土体剪切屈服应力的试验结果与土体胞元模型的预测结果一致。