Multi-scale coupling analysis of urbanization and ecosystem services supply-demand budget in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Rapid economic development and human activities have severely affected ecosystem function. Analysis of the spatial distribution of areas of rapid urbanization is...     

Research on Ecosystem Service Consumption in Guilin City

Research on ecosystem service consumption not only helps to reveal the utilization intensity and management level of the ecosystem in Guilin, but it also provides a scientific basis for ecosystem investment, trade, subsidies and taxation by the Guilin government departments. Based on household survey data of urban and rural ecological consumption, the physical quantity accounting method is adopted for multivariate statistical analyses, such as analysis of variance and multiple comparison. This analysis reveals the differences and changes in the consumption level, consumption structure and consumption pattern of the main ecological products in Guilin among the various counties. The results fit into four main themes. (1) The annual per capita consumption of the main ecological products in Guilin varies either extremely significantly or significantly among the counties, but the consumption level of ecological products varies according to the type of products. There are significant or extremely significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of cereals, melons and fruits, pork, poultry, beef and mutton, fresh eggs and milk between urban and rural residents. (2) There are extremely significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of fruits, pork, poultry, beef and mutton, fish, fresh milk and vegetable oil among urban residents in different counties. There are also extremely significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of cereals, pork, poultry and alcohol among rural residents in different counties, and significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of fresh eggs and milk. The consumption level of ecological products by urban and rural resident varies with the type of products. (3) The ecological consumption patterns of all counties in Guilin mainly follow the “cereal + vegetable + fruit + meat” pattern for urban residents and the “cereal + vegetable + meat” pattern for rural residents (except for the rural residents in Pingle, which show the “cereal + vegetable” pattern). The consumption structure of urban residents is better than that of rural residents. (4) There is a large gap between the ecological consumption of urban and rural residents in Guilin and China's recommended standards, except for cereals and meat. The main problems are excessive meat intake, and insufficient intake of dark vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk and fish. Therefore, we should make full use of forestland, grassland, water and other resources in the area, and vigorously develop fishery, fruit and vegetable production and herbivorous animal husbandry to meet people's ecological needs for dark fruits and vegetables, eggs, milk and fish in Guilin City.     

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of a Páramo Ecosystem in the Northern Ecuadorian Andes 1988-2007

Páramo is a term used to describe tropical alpine vegetation between the continuous timberline and the snow line in the Northern Andes. Páramo environments provide important species habitat and ecosystem services. Changes in spatial extent of the páramo ecosystem at Pambamarca in the Central Cordillera of the northern Ecuadorian Andes were analysed using multi-temporal Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite data. The region suffered a loss of 1826.6 ha or 20% of the total area at a rate of 100 ha/annum during 1988-2007 period. It is found that permanent páramo cover decreased from 8350 ha in 1988 to 5864 ha in 2007 at a fairly constant rate(R2=0.94). This loss is attributed to expansion of commercial agriculture and floriculture in the valleys coupled with increased population pressure. Land at higher elevations has been cleared for small scale agriculture. Loss of the páramo ecosystem will exert a number of negative impacts on ecosystem services and livelihoods of the local population at Pambamarca.     

基于SOA云服务的济宁市电子政务服务平台研究

基于政务网的政府各部门横向与纵向信息共享及业务协同的需求十分迫切,传统的单向共享模式的应用瓶颈日益突出,结合济宁市政务信息平台建设的实际环境及需求,设计了基于SOA云服务的政府部门间信息资源共享及在线业务协同平台的框架,实现了政府各部门之间数据有序交换和资源共享,建立了数据建设规范和业务协同机制,极大地提升了政务办公自动化水平。     

皖西大别山五大水库生态系统服务功能价值评估

根据皖西大别山5大水库水资源特征,将其水生态系统服务划分为直接使用价值和间接使用价值2大类8个小类,以2010年为评价基准年份,运用市场价值法、费用支出法、替代工程法等环境经济价值评估方法,对大别山5大水库生态系统服务功能价值定量评价。研究结果表明,2010年5大水库生态系统服务功能的总价值为60.59亿元,占当年六安市国内生产总值的8.95%,其中直接使用价值为19.62亿元,占总价值的32.41%;间接使用价值为40.97亿元,占总价值的67.59%。调蓄洪水和水资源蓄积的功能价值构成比例高,分别为34.32%和32.51%,水库在防御洪涝灾害和涵养水源方面具有重要的作用。     

“建管结合”的湿地生态管理模式

近5年来,在林业部门的大力支持下,对玫瑰湖湿地进行重新规划,并在合理利用区实施了一系列的开发建设和保护保育管理工程,使水系得到疏通,水质逐步得到净化,生态环境及动植物栖息地得到很好的恢复与保护,同时也为人们提供了一处休憩游玩的好地方,探索出一条"建管结合"的湿地生态管理模式。     

脱硫海水排放对附近海域的生态环境影响初步研究

通过跟踪监测华电青岛发电有限公司脱硫海水排放口附近海域的水质、表层沉积物质量和海洋生物群落结构,初步探讨了脱硫海水排放对海泊河口及附近海域生态环境的影响。结果表明:(1)脱硫海水特征污染物排放对排水口下游水域会造成一定不利影响,主要表现在pH值和DO的明显降低以及水温的明显升高,影响范围局限于排水口下游400m范围内的河口段;(2)脱硫海水排放不会明显增加排水口下游COD、N、P的污染负荷;(3)脱硫海水排放未显著增加附近海域重金属的综合潜在生态危害程度,重金属的潜在污染风险较小;(4)调查海域冬、夏两季生物多样性较高,群落结构较稳定,脱硫海水排放未对生物群落结构和生物多样性造成明显的不利影响。     

海洋生态模型中参数时空分布的反演研究

本文将伴随同化方法应用于海洋生态系统动力学模型。将一年平均分为72个过程,通过同化每一个过程研究区域(17°N-~45°N,173°E~142°W)内的SeaWiFS表层叶绿素数据,优化影响生态机制的5个关键参数Vm、Dz、e、Gm、Dp(简称KP),得到他们在研究区域内的时空分布。对于KP中的每一个参数,首先,分别将其在时间和空间上求平均,得到参数的空间分布场(KPS)和时间分布序列(KPT);其次,将KPS在空间上求平均,得到一个常数(KPC),并利用KPS、KPT和KPC表示出KP的另一种时空变化形式KPST,它减少了模拟过程中变量个数。结果表明,无论是空间分布还是时间分布,Vm、Dz和e具有相同的分布特征和变化趋势,相关系数可达0.99,Dp和Gm亦然,;而Vm、Dz和e的变化趋势与Dp和Gm的变化趋势呈负相关,相关系数可达-0.99。5个参数的变化趋势符合物理意义和生态机制。将模型中的参数分别按上述5种形式赋值,正向运行模式1年,结果表明,考虑参数时空分布的实验误差最小。说明在海洋生态系统动力学数值模拟中,与只考虑参数的空间分布或者只考虑参数的时间分布相比,考虑参数时空分布更合理,更具有物理意义且符合生态机制;伴随同化技术在优化时空变化的参数方面,是一种有效的,普遍适用的方法。     

海洋传感观测服务柔性开发技术研究

海洋传感观测服务能够实现多个海洋观测系统间的数据共享与集成,支持大范围、多学科的海洋科学研究。在软件开发过程中,由于不同观测系统的数据库异构互异,导致传感器观测服务软件难以复用,开发效率低。本文针对数据库结构的相似性进行分析,提出海洋传感观测服务的柔性开发模型,设计可适配于异构数据库的服务构件。该构件通过配置观测数据在具体数据库的存储结构,实现了数据库结构向服务模式定义的映射;服务构件根据配置信息生成数据库查询语句,实现观测数据的自动提取,避免了数据库异构导致的重复开发的问题。通过将服务构件应用在实际开发中,验证了该模型的有效性与可行性。     

Spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxide components in depression between karst hills,Southwest China

In karst regions,the spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxides and environmental variables is still not clear.We investigated the spatial heterogeneity of SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,P2O5,K2O,and MnO contents in the soils of slope land,plantation forest,secondary forest,and primary forest,as well as their relationships with environmental variables in a karst region of Southwest China.Geostatistics,principal component analysis(PCA),and canonical correlation analysis(CCA)were applied to analyze the field data.The results show that SiO2was the predominant mineral in the soils(45.02%–67.33%),followed by Al2O3and Fe2O3.Most soil mineral oxide components had a strong spatial dependence,except for CaO,MgO,and P2O5in the plantation forest,MgO and P2O5in the secondary forest,and CaO in the slope land.Dimensionality reduction in PCA was not appropriate due to the strong spatial heterogeneity in the ecosystems.Soil mineral oxide components,the main factors in all ecosystems,had greater influences on vegetation than those of conventional soil properties.There were close relationships between soil mineral oxide components and vegetation,topography,and conventional soil properties.Mineral oxide components affected species diversity,organic matter and nitrogen levels.